apa格式英文范文

apa格式英文范文篇一

英文APA格式参考

AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APA) FORMAT

(5th Edition)

This crib sheet is a guide to the APA style and is not intended to replace the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition. Only selected

examples were chosen for inclusion here. For other examples, see the printed Manual. When using the APA format it is important to remember that the intent of the

Publication Manual is to assist the editorial staff of APA journals in typesetting. This crib sheet it intended for use for students writing term papers. Therefore according to APA, you may relax the APA's rules in some cases to make it more readable. Students should find out whether their instructor has rules that take precedence over those of the Publication Manual.

Journal Article, One Author

Simon, A. (2000). Perceptual comparisons through the mind’s eye. Memory &

Cognition, 23, 635-647.

Journal Article, Two Authors

Becker, M. B., & Rozek, S. J. (1995). Welcome to the energy crisis. Journal of Social

Issues, 32, 230-343.

Magazine Article, one author

Garner, H. J. (1997, July). Do babies have a universal song? Psychology Today, 102,

70-77.

Newspaper Article, No Author

Study finds free care used more. (1982, April 3). Wall Street Journal, pp. A1, A25.

Book, Two Authors

Strunk, W., & White, E. B. (1979). The elements of style (3rd ed.). New York:

Macmillan.

Edited Book

Letheridge, S., & Cannon, C. R. (Eds.). (1980). Bilingual education. New York:

Praeger.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Sheets, B. (2006). The cost of lingering arm injuries. In B. Selig,. & W. Selig (Eds.), A

compilation of long stories (pp. 211-234). Milwaukee, WI: MB Press.

ERIC（Education Resources Information Center）Document

Peterson, K. (2002). Welfare-to-work programs: Strategies for success (Report No.

EDO-JC-02-04). Washington D.C.: Office of Educational Research and

Improvement. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED467985)

Entry in an Encyclopedia

Imago. (2000). In World Book Encyclopedia (Vol. 10, p. 79). Chicago: World Book

Encyclopedia.

Report from a Private Organization

Kimberly-Clark. (2002). Kimberly-Clark (Annual Report). Dallas, TX: Author.

Brochure

Minnesota Coconut Growers Association. (2008). Growing coconuts for fun and profit

[Brochure]. Crookston, MN: Author.

Dissertation

Olsen, G. W. (1985). Campus child care within the public supported post-secondary

educational institutions in the state of Wisconsin (dare care) (Doctoral

dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985). Dissertations Abstracts International, 47/03, 783.

Videotape

Mass, J. B. (Producer), & Gluck, D. H. (Director). (1979). Deeper into hypnosis.

(Motion picture). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Citation of a Work Discussed in a Secondary Source

To cite secondary sources, refer to both sources in the text, but include in the

References list only the source that you actually used. For example, suppose you read Fielder (2008) and would like to paraphrase the following sentence within that article: Braun (2008) defined bat speed as "the ability to catch up to a baseball with a moving bat" (p. 11).

In this case, your in-text citation would be "(Braun, 2008, as cited in Fielder, 2008)." Fielder (2008) would be fully referenced within the list of References.

Electronic Formats{apa格式英文范文}.

Internet Article Based on Print Source

The citation is done as if it were a paper article and then followed by a retrieval statement that identifies the date retrieved and source.

Sahelian, R. (1999, January). Achoo! Better Nutrition, 61, 24. Retrieved September 17, 2001, from Academic Index.{apa格式英文范文}.

Web Page with Private Organization as Author

Midwest League. (2003). Pitching, individual records. Retrieved October 1, 2003, from /indivpitching.html

Chapter or Section in an Internet Document

Thompson, G. (2003). Youth coach handbook. In Joe soccer. Retrieved September 17, 2004, from /menu.html

Web page, Government Author

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (2001). Glacial habitat restoration areas. Retrieved September 18, 2001, from

Company Information from Aggregated Database

Ripon Pickle Company Inc. (company profile). (2003). Retrieved September 18, 2002, from Business and Company Resource Center.

Ingersoll-Rand Company Limited (company profile). (2004). In Hoovers. Retrieved April 29, 2004, from Lexis-Nexis.

Personal Communications

Personal communications may be things such as email messages, interviews, speeches, and telephone conversations. Because the information is not retrievable they should not appear in the reference list. They should look as follows: Example: J. Burnitz (personal communication, September 20, 2000) indicated that .… or In a recent

interview (J. Burnitz, personal communication, September 20, 2000) I learned that ….

Reference Citations in Text

To refer to an item in the list of references from the text, an author-date method should be used. That is, use the surname of the author (without suffixes) and the year of the publication in the text at appropriate points.

Example: Researchers have indicated that more is expected of students in higher education (Hudson, 2001) and secondary education (Taylor & Hornung, 2002). Issac (2001) indicated in his research..

In a recent study, research indicates (Isaac, 2001)

When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs. For works with three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. In subsequent citations, include only the last name of the first author followed by et al.

Cite in text the first few words of what appears first for the entry on the list (usually the title) and the year.

(Yount & Molitor, 1982, p. 19)

(Cooper, 1983, chap. 4)

(“New Student Center,” 2002)

Introduction to parenthetical citations

This section provides guidelines on how to use parenthetical citations to cite original sources in the text of your paper. These guidelines will help you learn the essential information needed in parenthetical citations, and teach you how to format them correctly.

Parenthetical citations are citations to original sources that appear in the text of your paper. This allows the reader to see immediately where your information comes from, and it saves you the trouble of having to make footnotes or endnotes.

The APA style calls for three kinds of information to be included in in-text citations. The author's last name and the work's date of publication must always appear, and these items must match exactly the corresponding entry in the references list. The third kind of information, the page number, appears only in a citation to a direct quotation.

Where to place parenthetical citations

You have three options for placing citations in relation to your text: Option Description Sample Citation

1. Idea-focused Place the author(s) and

date(s) in parentheses

at an appropriate place

in or at the end of a

sentence Researchers have pointed out that the lack of trained staff is a common barrier to providing adequate health education (Fisher, 1999) and services (Weist & Christodulu, 2000).

Fisher (1999) recommended that

health education be required for high

school graduation in California. 2. Researcher-focused Place only the date in parentheses

3. Chronology-focused Integrate both the author and date into

your sentence In 2001, Weist proposed using the Child and Adolescent Planning Schema to analyze and develop

community mental health programs for

young people.

Additional Guidelines

Place citations in sentences and paragraphs so that it is clear which material has come from which sources.

 Use pronouns and transitions to help you indicate whether

several sentences contain material from the same source or from different sources. 

Symthe (1990) found that positioning influences ventilation. In his study of 20 ICU patients, he used

two methods to. . . . However, his findings did not support the work of Karcher (1987) and Atley

(1989) who used much larger samples to

demonstrate that . . .

Cite source with one or two authors

The following table gives some examples of how to cite sources with one or two authors.

When you have . . . Here's what you do: Sample Citation

apa格式英文范文篇二

英语论文格式APA

外国语学院本科生英语专业毕业论文装订顺序（APA格式） （注：此格式用于文学、翻译方向之外的所有论文）

1. 毕业论文封面（汉语） 2. 毕业论文首页 （英语） 3. 致谢（英文）

4. 毕业论文中文摘要及关键词 5. 毕业论文英文摘要及关键词 6. 目录 7. 正文

8. 尾注（可选）

9. 参考文献（英语文献在前，汉语文献在后） 10. 附录（可选）

附：论文模板（模板内容仅供参考，毕业生可根据实际情况填写）

学号：

使用情况调查

学 院 名 称：专 业 名 称： 英 语 教 育 年 级 班 别： 2002 级 5 班 姓 名：指 导 教 师：

年 月

The Use of Linking Adverbials by Chinese

College English Learners

A Thesis Submitted

to Faculty of International Studies of

Henan Normal University

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts

By Liu Hiatao

Supervisor：Li Qingdong

英文年月日

like to thank all those who have

given me their generous helps, commitment and

„

I

无论在口语还是在写作中，中国大学英语学习者在连接副词的使用上都有过多使用的倾向。影响中国大学英语学习者使用连接副词的因素是多方面的，

如母 ( II

apa格式英文范文篇三

APA参考文献格式

【参考文献】

文献引用，有两种主要方法，其中之一是作为直接参考的名字，如改为：

Razik（1995）的研究...，另一种是直接参照或参数的研究，如结果：教学领导

副主席的重要职能（康威，1993年）校长....阿帕对文学的格式引用主要是11种（见 该手册，207-214），分述如下：

（一）基本格式：在同一段中，已被引用作者，第一次写的日期，第二 时代之后，日期可以省略。

1。英国文学：在最近的反应时间的研究，沃克（2000年）所描述

该方法...沃克还发现....

2。华文文学：秦梦群（中国90）的重点是教育券的重要性上，...;秦梦群

还建议....

(二) 作者为一个人时，格式为：

1. 英文文献：姓氏 (出版或发表年代) 或 (姓氏,出版或发表年代).

例 如:Porter (2001)…或…(Porter, 2001).

认识APA格式 3

2. 中文文献：姓名 (出版或发表年代) 或 (姓名,出版或发表年代).

例 如:吴清山(民90)…或…(吴清山,民90).

(三) 作者为二人以上时，必须依据以下原则撰写(括弧中注解为中文建议格 式):

1. 原则一：作者为两人时，两人的姓氏 (名) 全列.

例 如:Wassertein and Rosen (1994)…或…(Wassertein & Rosen

(1994)

例 如:吴清山与林天佑(民90)…或…(吴清山,林天佑,民

民90)

2. 原则二：作者为三至五人时，第一次所有作者均列出，第二次以后

仅写出第一位作者并加 et al. (等人).

例 如:

[第一次出现] Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen, Gerstman, and Rock

(1994) found…或(Wasserstein, Zappula, Rosen,

Gerstman, & Rock, 1994)….

[第二次以后] Wasserstein et al. (1994)…或 (Wasserstein et al.,

1994)….

例 如:

[第一次出现] 吴清山,刘春荣与陈明终(民84)指出…或…(吴

清山,刘春荣,陈明终,民84).

[第二次以后] 吴清山等人(民84)指出…或…(吴清山等人,民

84).

3. 原则三：作者为六人以上时，每次仅列第一位作者并加 et al. (等

人)，但在参考文献中要列出所有作者姓名.

4. 原则四：二位以上作者时，文中引用时作者之间用and (与) 连接，

在括弧内以及参考文献中用 & ( ) 连接.

(四) 作者为组织 团体 或单位时，依下列原则撰写：

1. 易生混淆之单位，每次均用全名.

2. 简单且广为人知的单位，第一次加注其缩写方式,第二次以后可用

缩写 ，但在参考文献中一律要写出全名.

例 如:

[第一次出现] National Institute of Mental Health[NIMH] (1999) 或

(National Institute of Mental Health[NIMH], 1999).

[第二次以后] NIMH (1999)…或 (NIMH, 1999)….

例 如:

[第一次出现] 行政院教育改革审议委员会[行政院教改会](民

87)…或…(行政院教育改革审议委员会[行政院

教改会],民87).

认识APA格式 4

[第二次以后] 行政院教改会(民87)…或…行政院教改会(民

87).

(五) 未标明作者 (如法令 报纸社论) 或作者为「无名氏」(anonymous)时， 依据下列原则撰写：

1. 未标明作者的文章，把引用文章的篇名或章名当作作者,在文中用

斜体(粗体)在括弧中用双引号显示.

例 如：Educational Leadership (1994)…或… ("Educational

Leadership," 1994).

例 如:领导效能(民84)…或…("领导效能"，民84).

师资培育法(民83)…或…("师资培育法",民83).

2. 作者署名为无名氏(anonymous)时，以「无名氏」当作作者.

例 如:…(Anonymous, 1998).

例 如:…(无名氏,民87).

(六) 外文作者姓氏相同时，相同姓氏之作者於文中引用时均引用全名，以避 免混淆.

例 如：R. D. Luce (1995) and G. E. Luce (1988)….

(七) 括弧内同时包括多笔文献时，依姓氏字母 (笔画) 年代 印制中等优 先顺序排列，不同作者之间用分号 "；" 号分开，相同作者不同年代之 文献用逗号 "，" 分开.

例 如:…(Pautler, 1992; Razik & Swanson, 1993a, 1993b, in

press-a, in press-b).

例 如:…(吴清山 林天佑,民83,民84a,民84b；

刘春荣,民84,印制中-a,印制中-b).

(八) 引用资料无年代记载或古典文献时，(1)当知道作者姓氏，不知年代，

以无日期(n.d.) 代替年代，(2) 知道作者姓氏，不知原始年代，但知

道翻译版年代时，引用译版年代并於其前加 trans.，(3) 知道作者姓氏，

不知原始年代，但知现用版本年代时，引用现用版本年代并於其后注明

版本别，古典文件不必列入参考文献中，文中仅说明引用章节.

例 如:Aristotle (n.d.) argued，或 (Aristotle, trans. 1945) 或

(Aristotle, 1842/1945).

例 如:论语子路篇.

(九) 引用特定文献时，如资料来自特定章 节 图 表 公式，要一一标明 特定出处，如引用整段原文献资料，要加注页码.

例 如:(Shujaa, 1992, chap. 8) 或 (Lomotey, 1990, p. 125) 或

(Lomotey, 1990)…( p. 125) .

例 如:(陈明终,民83,第八章) 或 (陈明终,民83,页8).

(十) 引用个人通讯纪录如书信,日记,笔记,电子邮件等，不必列入参考文 献中，但引用时要注明：作者 个人纪录类别 以及详细日期.

认识APA格式 5

例 如:(T. A. Razik, Diary, May 1, 1993).

例 如:(林天佑,上课讲义,民83年5月1日).

(十一)引用翻译著作时,要同时注明原出版年与翻译本出版年.

例 如:…(Laplace, 1814/1951).

(十二)网路等电子化资料:请参阅「APA格式—网路等电子化资料引用及参

考文献的写法」一文.

(十三)其他方面:

例 如:(see Table 2 of Razik & Swanson,1993, for complete data).

例 如:(详细资料请参阅：林天佑,民84,表1).

【参考文献】

APA参考文献的格式与其他写作格式比较,虽然比较单纯但也相当复杂，

以下先介绍文献的排列顺序，其次介绍几种常用文献的格式，其他格式请参阅该

手册，第215至281页.

必须注意的是，参考文献部份与文献引用部份息息相关，引用过的文献必须

出现在参考文献中，而且参考文献中的每一笔文献都被引用过，两者的作者姓氏

(名) 以及年代也必须完全一致.另外，在引用英文文献时，仅写出作者姓氏，

但在参考文献中则须同时写出姓氏以及名字 (字首)，中文文献则都写出全名.

参考文献的排列顺序，如为中文文献，以作者姓名笔画为依据，大致上不会

有什麼问题，如为英文文献，则较复杂.英文文献的排列顺序有十个标准:

(一) 依作者姓氏字母顺序排列，如以文章篇名或书名当作者，而该篇名或

书名是以数字开头时，以国字之字母顺序比较，如21st century education

是以Twenty-first century education 作为比较的基准.

(二) 第一位作者姓名相同时，如为同一作者，依年代先后顺序排列:

例 如:Hewlett, L. S. (1996)

Hewlett, L. S. (1999)

(三) 一位作者永远排在多位作者之前:

例 如:Razik, T. A. (1991)

Razik, T. A. , & Lin, T. -Y. (1995)

(四) 当有多位作者必须比较时，依序由第二或第三 第四 …作者姓氏字母

顺序排列:

例 如:Gosling, J. R., Jerald, K., & Belfar, S. F. (2000)

Gosling, J. Y., & Tevlin, D. F. (1996)

(五) 相同作者且相同年代，则依 (去除A, The等冠词之后) 篇名或书名字母

顺序排列，并於年代之后附a, b, c, 等注记:

例 如:Razik, T. A., & Lin, T. -Y. (1990a). Fundamental concepts…

Razik, T. A., & Lin, T. -Y. (1990b). Human relations…

(六) 作者姓氏相同，名字不同时，依名字字母顺序排列:

认识APA格式 6

例 如:Liu, C. -R. (1993).

Liu, M. -C. (1990).

(七) 作者为机关团体时，以机关团体全名字母作为比较的基础，当作者为

机关团体的附属团体时，全名要以「主团体先，附属团体后」来呈现:

例 如:State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of

Educational Organization, Administration, and Policy. (1994).

不可写为Department of Educational Organization,

Administration, and Policy, State University of New York at

Buffalo. (1994).

(八) 作者署名为Anonymous，以Anonymous来比较.

(九) 没有作者时，把 (去除冠词之后的) 篇名或书名视为作者来比较.

(十) 引用后设分析(meta-analysis)之文献时,不必以附录一一列举,但融

入於参考文献中,并在文献前加注 * 号,且在参考文献一开始时说明

加注星号者为后设分析的相关文献:

例 如:*Bretschneider, J. G., & McCoy. N. L. (1968). Sexual interest

and behavior in health 80-102-year-olds. Archives of{apa格式英文范文}.

Sexual Behavior, 14, 343-350.

APA出版手册把参考文献分为 (1) 期刊 杂志 新闻文章,摘要资料，(2) 书 籍 手册 书的一章，(3) 专门或研究报告，(4) 会议专刊或专题座谈会论文，

(5) 学位论文，(6) 其他未出版之著作或不普遍之出版物，(7) 评论，(8) 视听媒 体资料，(9) 电子媒体资料, (10) 法令等十类，每一类文献的格式都不一样，其 重要者条列及举例说明如下.

(一) 期刊 杂志 新闻,摘要文献：

1.中文期刊格式A：

作者 (年代).文章名称.期刊名称，期别，页别.

例 如:沈姗姗(民85).教育选择与控制理念的另类思考.教育

资料与研究,4,14-15.

2.中文期刊格式B:(作者超过6人)

作者等人 (年代).文章名称.期刊名称，期别，页别.

例 如:林天佑,虞志长,张志毓,余瑞阳,邱春糖,杨士贤等人(民

85).教育政策执行及制订过程之分析.初等教育学刊,

5,1-40.

3.中文期刊格式C：(文章已获同意刊登,但尚未出版)

作者 (印制中).文章名称.期刊名称.

例 如:吴清山,林天佑(印制中).教学领导.教育资料与研究.

4.英文期刊格式A：

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (1999). Title of article. Title

认识APA格式 7

of Periodical, xx(xx), xxx-xxx.

例 如:Powers, J. M., & Cookson, P. W. Jr. (1999). The politics of

school choice research. Educational Policy, 13(1), 104-

122.

5.英文期刊格式B：(作者超过6人)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D.

D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., et al. (2000). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(xx), xxx-xxx.

例 如:Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N. Tein, J., Coatsworth,

D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation

of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for

children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical

Psychology , 68, 843-856.

6.英文期刊格式C：(文章已获同意刊登,但尚未出版)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (in press). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx(xx), xxx-xxx.

例 如:Zuckerman, M., & Kieffer, S. C. (in press). Race differences in face-ism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

7.中文杂志格式：

作者 (年月日).文章名称.杂志名称，期别，页别.

例 如:王力行(民90年2月20日).落在世界队伍的后面 远见 杂志,6,14-16.

8.英文杂志格式：

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (2000, November 10). Article title. Magazine Title, xxx, xx-xx.

例 如:Kandel, E. R., & Squire, L. R. (2000, November 10).

Neuroscience: Breaking down scientific barriers to the

study of brain and mind. Science, 290, 1113-1120.

9.中文报纸格式A：

记者或作者 (年月日).文章名称.报纸名称，版别.

例 如:陈扬盛(民90年2月20日).基本学力测验考虑加考国 三下课程.台湾立报,第6版.{apa格式英文范文}.

10.中文报纸格式B：(无作者,用【】符号标示文章性质)

文章名称 (年月日).报纸名称，版别.

例 如:推动知识经济发展须脚踏实地【社论】(民89年9月5 日).中国时报,第2版.

11.英文报纸格式A：

Author, A. A. (1993, September 30). Article title. Newspaper Title, pp. xx- 认识APA格式 8

xx.

例 如:Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.

12.英文报纸格式B：(无作者)

Article title. (1993, July 15). Newspaper Title, p. xx.

例 如:New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.

13.英文摘要资料格式A:

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (1999). Title ofarticle

[Abstract]. Title of Periodical, xx(xx), xxx-xxx.

apa格式英文范文篇四

APA格式reference_写法

一. Reference的三种类型: 从书上引用,从杂志里的文章中引用,从网站引用 1, 从书上引用的ref,格式:

作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).出版社地址: 出版社名 Example:

Davidson, M. and Cooper, C. (1992). Shattering The Glass Ceiling: The Woman Manger. London: Paul Chapman. 2, 从杂志里的文章中引用的ref,格式:

作者名字.年代.文章名. 杂志名(斜体): 第几期, 页数

Example:

Pringle, J. (2004). Women Senior Managers: Successful Individuals Or Markers Of

Collective Change. Women’s Studies Journal

3,从网站引用的ref, 格式

作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).Retrieved on年月日. from:网站

Example: Adler, M. (2005). Women's Employment Concentrated In Service Industries. Retrieved on 20th

September, 2005 from:

: 网站另起一行)

二, reference 的注意事项:

1, 如果 reference有两行或两行以上, 从第二行起,向内缩进五到七个字符 Example:

Rosener, J. (1995). America’s competitive secret: Utilizing women as a management strategy.

USA: Oxford University Press.

2, reference与reference中间要隔一行

3文章名和杂志名：每个单词的首字母大写，虚词除外

4,文章后面列出的所有reference必须与加进文章中的reference一一对应

5, reference做完以后,以作者的首字为准,按字母顺序进行排列

6,一般情况下,1000字,四个reference.

这里需要强调一点：

国外治学严谨，reference一定要做好！！

我们的作业严禁直接抄书或从网上直接复制粘贴 (这在国外被界定为抄袭)

国外的学校有强大的数据库，抄袭的地方，数据库一搜就发现了

一旦发现抄袭，

客户轻则挂科，重则拿不到学位，诚信记录还要被写上一笔

同时写手不但拿不到稿费，而且还要双倍赔款，终止合作

所以在成为我们的写手之前

我要把抄袭的问题先说清楚

这也是我们这一行的行规

你可以翻译中文

也可以用自己的话把句子转述一遍

但是直接引用和一个句子只改2、3个单词是一样会被判抄袭的！

To develop a community profile (社区分布）for one Australian Local Government Area (LGA) of your choice, (excluding the City of Boroondara) using data from the 2001 and 2006 Census available from the ABS website. The focus of the demographic profile will be to describe up to three cultural characteristics of the population within your chosen LGA, and look at changes that have occurred from 2001 to 2006.

Examples of cultural characteristics are ancestry, birthplace, language spoken, year of arrival in Australia, religious affiliation, English proficiency, and indigenous status. You are expected to synthesise (综合）the information available, not just replicate （折叠，复制） the tables that you can download. For example, you may choose to group a Census table detailing individual birthplaces into categories, and then show the proportional distribution - not just the number by birthplace; or from Year of Arrival in Australia you may derive the number of years living in Australia. In other words, you are required to analyse and summarise the information you find into your own summary tables and charts. In your demographic profile you should include summary tables, charts and commentary to support the graphs and tables. You should make use of data from both the 2001 Census and the 2006 Census (e.g. using a combination QuickStats, MapStats and Census Tables.

制定一个社会形象之一澳大利亚地方政府区（儿）您的选择， （不包括城市Boroondara ）使用数据从2001年和2006年人口普查可从澳大利亚统计局的网站上。重点人口的个人资料将被描述三个文化特色的人口与您所选择的客房，并期待在发生的变化2001年至2006年。

实例文化特色的血统，出生地，语言，一年的到来在澳大利亚，宗教信仰，英语

水平，和土著人的地位。{apa格式英文范文}.

您预计合成提供的资料，而不只是复制的表格，您可以下载。例如，您可以选择A组的普查表，详细个人出生地分为几类，然后显示比例分配-不仅是数量的诞生地;或年在澳大利亚到达您可能会获得数年生活在澳大利亚。换句话说，您需要进行分析和总结的资料您发现到您自己的总结和图表。在您的人口状况你应该包括汇总表，图表和评论，以支持图表。您应该使用的数据从2001年人口普查和2006年人口普查（例如使用相结合QuickStats ， MapStats和普查表。 In your report

Your report should be structured to include the following:

• A brief description of the LGA.

• An overview of the information you are presenting in your community profile.

• Your findings.

• Summary and conclusions.

Agbetoye, O. and A. Oyedele, (2005). Development and Testing of a Dual Grain Sifter. Proceeding of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers, NIAE/2005/192, 192-193.

Aulich, C. (1999), From convergence to divergence: reforming Australian local government, Australian Journal of Public Administration, 58 (2):12-23.

Bangura, Y.(2006). Introduction: Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector Governance in Y. Bangura ed. Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector Governance, Basingstoke, HA: Palgrave Macmillan, 1-28.

Census Data (2006). Australian Bureau of Statistics. From .

Census Data (2001). Australian Bureau of Statistics. From .

Fanthorpe, R. (2006). On the limits of limit peace: Chiefs and democratic decentralization in post-war Sierra Leone, African Affairs, 105(418):27-50.

Mustapha, A. R. (2000). Transformation of Minority Identityies in Post-Colonial Nigeria in A. Jega ed. Identity Transformation and Identity Politics Under Structural Adjustment in Nigeria, Uppsala: Nordic Africa Institute and Centre for Research and Documentation, 94-119.

Mustapha, A.R. and E. L. Jones (2003). Change, Chieftaincy and Conflict in Three West African Communities. O. Vaughan ed. Tradition and Politics: Indigenous Political Structures and Governance in Africa, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.

Obasanjo, O. (2003). Address presented to the Inauguration of The Technical Committee on the Review of the Structure of Local Government Councils in Abuja, June 25, 2003, accessed at .

Patterson, A. and Pinch, P. (2000), Public sector restructuring and regional development: the impact of compulsory competitive tendering in the UK, Regional Studies, 34 (3):265-267.

Premdas, R.R. (2006). Ethnic Conflict, Inequality and Public Sector Governance in Trinidad and Tobago. Y. Bangura ed. Ethnic Inequalities and Public Sector Governance, Basingstoke, HA: Palgrave Macmillan, 98-119.

R.M. Davies, M.O. Olatunji, W. Burubai. (2008). Mechanization of Cassava Processing in Iwo Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4(3):341-345.

Sklar, R. L. (2004) “Foundations of Federal Government in Nigeria” in A. Agbaje, L. Diamond and E. Onwudiwe (eds.) Nigeria’s Struggle for Democracy and Good Governance: A Festscrift for Oyeleye Oyediran, Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, 3-17.

Sklar, R.L., E. Onwudiwe and K. Darren. (2006). Nigeria: Completing Obasanjo’s Legacy, Journal of Democracy,17(3):100-115.

Ukoha Ukiwo. (2006). Creation of Local Government Areas and Ethnic Conflicts in Nigeria: The case of Warri, Delta State. CRISE West Africa Workshop, 3.

Vickers, M. (2000). Ethnicity and Sub-Nationalism in Nigeria: Movement for a Mid-West State, Oxford: Worldview Publishing.

apa格式英文范文篇五

APA格式 reference citation

(作者名 年份)

…(Brake 2004).

…(Ewen and Puszatai 1999).

…(Pusztai et al. 1998)

1. Books

作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).出版社地址: 出版社名 Example:

Davidson, M. and Cooper, C. (1992). Shattering The Glass Ceiling: The Woman Manger. London: Paul Chapman.

2. Articles in journals:

作者名字.年代.文章名. 杂志名(斜体): 第几期, 页数

Example:

Pringle, J. (2004). Women Senior Managers: Successful Individuals Or Markers Of

Collective Change. Women’s Studies Journal

3. Resources from the internet

作者名字.年代.书名(斜体).Retrieved on年月日. from:网站

Example:

Books from the internet:

Adler, M. (2005). Women's Employment Concentrated In Service Industries. Retrieved on 20th

September, 2005 from:

Articles on the internet:

Belmonte IA and McCabe AM (1998) ‘Theme–Rheme Patterns in L2 Writing’. Retrieved on 30 May 2007 from:

4. Articles from anthologies:

Example:

Fries PH (1983) ‘On the Status of Theme in English: Arguments in Discourse’. In: Petofi JS and Sozer E (eds), Micro and Macro Connexity of Text. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 116-52.

1, 如果 reference有两行或两行以上, 从第二行起,向内缩进五到七个字符 Example:

Rosener, J. (1995). America’s competitive secret: Utilizing women as a management strategy.

USA: Oxford University Press.

2, reference与reference中间要隔一行

3文章名和杂志名：每个单词的首字母大写，虚词除外

4,文章后面列出的所有reference必须与加进文章中的reference一一对应

5, reference做完以后,以作者的首字为准,按字母顺序进行排列

apa格式英文范文篇六

APA英文学术论文格式规范

APA英文学术论文格式规范：

论文应被打印出来，隔行打字。使用标准纸张（8.5*11英寸），四边的页边都留1英寸。使用容易被阅读的清晰字体。APA推荐12字号的Times New Roman字体。每页应有页眉，右对齐写页码，然后用全部大写的方式打下论文的标题。页眉是你论文的短版本，包括空格和标点符号在内，不能超过50个单词。

论文应包括四个主要部分：书名页，论文摘要，正文和引用

书名页应包含论文的标题，作者的名字，（学术）单位名称。书名页的页眉需左对齐写Running head: TITLE OF THE PAPER, 右对齐写页码。在页面的上半部分用每个单词首字母大写的方式打下标题。标题长度不超过12个单词，且其中不应该包含缩写或者无意义的词。标题可以有一到两行。书名页的所有文本，实际上是整篇论文中的文本，都需要隔行打。在标题下面是作者的名字，先名再姓，中间名用首字母代替，不要用职衔，如博士等。在作者名字下面，是（学术）单位名称，要能显示作者做出此学术研究的地点。