管理学 点击： 2017-07-02
中考语文看图作文答题技巧
中考语文看图作文答题技巧：学会析图
看图作文的“图”，主要有图表、画图和漫画三种，出现在中考作文题中的，主要是漫画。
做中考看图作文，具体的操作程序是读题、析图、立意、拟题、构思、修改、定稿。“与众不同”的关键之处是要仔细观察画面和准确理解画“意”，先抓好读题和析图两步，然后才构思成文。
第一，读题。
读看图作文的题目，主要是了解文题中所提出的要求，明确所规定的体裁，以便有目的有重点地去看图。
第二，联系题目析图。
做看图作文要学会读图。当图映入你的眼帘，你应该马上有这样的意识：这一幅图是一个故事；这一幅图是一篇说明文；这一幅图是一篇寓言；这一幅图是一个比喻……于是，你便可以就像材料作文、命题作文、自由命题作文一样开始写作。
在看图作文中，析图是关键的一环，就像“析材”是材料作文的关键性环节一样。因此，我们应该学会从如下角度去“析图”：
1、看“情节发展”
这适用于对多幅有内在联系的组合漫画的审读。
2、看事物变化
适用于画面中立体事物变化鲜明的漫画材料。
3、看人物对比
适用于阅读以多个人物活动为主的漫画。
4、看背景映衬
适用于人物活动中环境设计鲜明的漫画的阅读理解。画中的景，画中的物，往往有不可忽视的烘托、反衬的作用。
5、看比喻手法
适用于整体构思有明显而强烈的寓意漫画的审读。
6、看整体意念
适用于理解含蓄的令人回味的漫画，作者在这样的漫画中往往运用比拟、象征的方法表现主题。
析图并理解其含义是看图写议论文的重要关隘，考生要掌握一定的方法才能顺利通过。因此考生要尽可能多地掌握“析图”的方法。除上面所介绍的以外，还有类比联想法、喻义探求法、比较排除法、对号入座法、寓言点题法等都可以运用。
中考看图作文，在看懂画面之后，第二关便是构思、写作了。就写作的过程讲，看图作文与其他形式的作文一样，离不开立意、构思、表达的程序。另外说明一下，看图作文有一个重要的过渡性环节，就是必须对图进行一番说明、介绍或描绘。看图作文的特殊性表现为，材料中所给的单幅漫画、多幅组合漫画，以及用来说明、评论对象的摄影作品、美术作品、科学图画等，不可能作为材料直接引进文章。它们需要一次“再处理”，由作者在观察、理解、提炼的基础之上，用文字叙述出来。这些叙述文字，如果放在记叙文的开头，就成了一种解说性的铺陈；如果放在议论文中，这种开头就往往于解说中顺势带出作者的观点。
中考作文下笔前应该如何审题
一、确立准确的内容
看到作文题目后，我们该写些什么？这是所有命题作文首先要解决的问题。
1、思维的发散：具体到考场作文，我们可以从以下几个方面发散自己的思维：
①把握话题作文，仔细审题，充分利用作文题中的提示性语言，来获得写作内容。
②围绕话题展开多层次联想，多角度拓展写作内容。
A.类似联想：由话题出发，联想到与话题同类或相似的事物，从而确定写作的内容。
B.内敛式联想：给一些宽泛型的话题添加一些限制成分，缩小话题的外延，明确写作的范围。
C.逆反式联想：从话题的反面着手，确定写作的范围和内容。
D.虚实转换联想：有些作文话题往往是从缤纷繁杂的现象中抽象出来的一些概念，既有虚的一面，也有实的一面。
2、思维的归纳：即表现内容的确立过程，在这一过程中，我们要注意下面两点：
①要写自己熟悉的内容；
②要写自己驾驭得了的内容：由同学们的认知水平、思想深度乃至于语言表达能力所决定。
通过思维的发散和思维的归纳，一篇文章的表现内容得以最终确立。
二、突出明确的中心
1、表现中心的确立存在一个是否符合题意的问题
有些同学在审题时能够注意准确把握话题的范围和内涵，但是在写作过程中没有围绕中心铺展渲染的意识，结果是要么中心涣散，要么表现中心偏离题意。
2、我们还要注意培养自己明确点明中心的意识
为了明确点明中心，我们可以在文章内容构思好以后，围绕中心编写几段话，将它们安插在文章的开头、结尾或是文章的过渡、转折的地方，既提醒自己不要偏离中心，也提醒阅卷老师你有明确的中心意识。
3、表现中心的确立有品位高低之分
①要有深刻的思想：对科学的世界观有必要有所了解，掌握发展的观点、全面的观点、联系的观点，提高自己对事物的认知能力，使自己作文的立意做到深刻。
②要有小中见大的眼光：对平凡的生活现象进行深刻的思考，有独到深刻的见解，才能够使文章中心的确立不同凡响。
③要有化实为虚的能力：在立意时展开联想和想像，跳出材料的束缚，运用隐喻、象征等手法，借助于虚拟的"形象"来表达思想，就可以迅速打开思路。
④要有时代意识：恰当地联系时代内容，就能有效地提高文章中心的品位。需要提醒的是，话题的时代特色是融在文章之中的。 ⑤要有新颖的角度：通过跳出思维定势，采用逆向思维，来求得与众不同的立意。
新目标中考看图作文指导
主题：书面表达之看图看表作文
教学内容：
看图作文要求考生按照所给图画，通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文与其他类型作文的不同之处在于，它除了要求考生有英语语言表达能力，还要求考生有观察能力、分析能力和想象能力。
写好看图作文应注意的事项
1、结合文字提示，正确理解图意。一般情况下，看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示，我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意，得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。
2.写作从图画的细节出发。所谓细节，就是指图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等。依据图画细节，就可以把图画的内容用英语具体而生动地表达出来了。
例题分析（例题1）
同学们，看到下面的四幅图片及相应的报道后，你感到最担忧的是哪两种情形？请简述你担忧的理由并提出建议或希望。
要求：
⒈ 从所给素材中任选两种情形进行阐述，不可多选或少选。
⒉ 条理清楚，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确；
⒊ 词数 80 ～ 100。
参考词汇： 建议 suggest v. suggestion n.
气体 gas n. 污染 pollution n.
THE POLLUTIONS
① One third of the world's people don't have enough clean water.
② More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
③ People are disturbed quite often by kinds of noises.
④ Every person in our city makes about 1.8 kilos of rubbish every day.
这道看图作文题，主题和图片连接得不是很紧密。从考查的形式上来说，虽是看图，实质上却属于提示性的作文。这个作文应该结合个人的观点，选择的余地还是很大的。做这个题应该注意几个方面：
1.认真读题。注意，题目虽然给了四幅图，但是却只要求写其中的两个就行。
2、题意要求的是阐述个人的观点-最担忧的两种情形。而不是对图片进行描述。
3、结合所给的提示。提示中，对每种污染都进行了阐述，考生可以就这些描述进行写作。
4、注意字数，语法，拼写等，避免错误。
下面是两个例文，大家可以参考一下。
One possible version:
The environment is becoming worse and worse. There are many kinds of pollution I worry about. The most serious two are water pollution and air pollution, because people can't live healthily with dirty water and polluted air, nor can animals. More and more diseases are caused by polluted air.
I think factories should not pour dirty water into the river directly or produce more waste gas. We'd better go on foot or by like instead of by car, because more cars mean more waste gas. We should make our world more and more beautiful.
Another possible version:
The first fact I worry about is noise pollution. People can't sleep well if there is too much noise. That's why so many people prefer to live in the count
ryside rather than live in the noisy city. I suggest all the factories and cars shouldn't make terrible noises. If they make terrible noise that isn't allowed, they will be fined, and we can also produce the cars which can't make terrible noise.
The other pollution is rubbish pollution. If everyone makes so much rubbish, one day we may live in a world filled with rubbish. Some people throw the waste paper about. I suggest rubbish should be put into different kinds of dustbins or paper bags.
例题分析（例题2）
右图是Gina对班上同学的周末活动进行调查后得出的结果，同学们的周末活动真是丰富多彩，想想你和你的同学是如何度过周末的？写一篇名为“Weekend Activities”的文章谈谈你们的周末活动。
要求：1. 语意连贯，句式规范，字迹工整；
2. 短文中请勿使用真实姓名、地点或所在学校名称；
3. 词数60—80； .
注意：开头已给出，但不计入总词数{中考小作文看图说话怎么写}.
参考范文：
Weekend Activities
In my class, most of my classmates have colorful weekends. In the morning, we usually study at home. In the afternoon, some of us play sports, some play computer games with friends online; others visit their friends and enjoy staying with them. I like surfing the internet on Saturday afternoon. On Sunday morning, I usually play basketball with my father. That is my favorite time. Girls always like hanging out and going shopping with their friends on Sunday. We are very relaxed on weekends.
【过手练习】
话题1{中考小作文看图说话怎么写}.
你们学校最近就“一个好朋友的标准”做了一次问卷调查，调查结果如下图（阴影部分）。
请你以“What a good friend should be like”为题，用英语为你们学校的校报写一篇短文，报道此次调查结果并谈谈自己的看法。
………………
注意：1. 词数：80-100（开头已给出的内容不计入总词数）；
2. 内容必须包括上图中的要点，可适当发挥；
3. 文章条理清楚、意思连贯、语句通顺；
4. 文中不得出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
What a good friend should be like
Recently, we did a survey in our school on what a good friend should be like. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文一：
What a good friend should be like
Recently, we did a survey in our school on what a good friend should be like. About seven percent/ only a few/ Less than ten percent of the students prefer their friends should be beautiful or handsome. About forty-eight percent/ Less than half/ Nearly half of the students think that their friends should be hardworking and good at their lessons. Sixty-seven percent of the students hope their friends should be fond of singing and dancing, and also they should be good at sports. Ninety-five percent/ Almost all of the students agree that their friends should be not only lively, kind and helpful but also honest. Good friends should trust each other and share joys. I think to be honest is the most important for us all.
参考范文二：
Recently, we did a survey in our school on what a good friend should be like. Nearly all (95%) of the students think a good friend should be kind, helpful and honest. He or she should trust you and be willing to share joys with you. Sixty-seven percent of the students would like their friends to be fond of singing and dancing. Besides, they hope their friends are good at sports. Forty-eight percent of the students agree that a good friend must be hard-working and do well in lessons. Of course, there are some (7% / less than 10%) caring about appearance. They prefer to choose those with beautiful faces and slim figures as their good friends.
I don’t think a good friend has to be beautiful or handsome. I think honesty is the most important. …
2015年中考看图说话(可直接打印)
听力考试之看图说话
考前准备：
1.多练习（熟能生巧） 2.积累常用的短语，并背诵
• • • • • •
Then….After that….At last, (Finally…)
In the morning….in the afternoon….in the evening…. fall ill…not feel well….go to see a doctor… fall off the bike…; send…to hospital;…
look over„.; take some medicine„have a good rest… see sb.doing„.;hear sb. Shouting for help
看图说话的几种题材
1.某天的活动（学习、外出等）
2.助人为乐（拾金不昧、借伞、救人…等） 3.车祸 4.生病就医 5.节日 6.环保 7.其他
本类型常用句型
• …is a middle school student. …. is kind and helpful. „studies hard at school. Today is ….The weather was fine…
• In the morning„.at noon„in the afternoon„ in the evening…. • Then… after that….at last…
. • What a hard-working boy/girl! • What a busy day!
• What a wonderful/fun day!{中考小作文看图说话怎么写}.
救、助人 • 1.借伞 • 2.过马路
• 3.送….去医院 • 4.救落水人 • 5.拾金不昧 • 6. 让座
• 多数发生在放学、上学路上 • 时态用过去式 本类型常用句型
• 1.on the way home; on the way to school • 2. cross the road / go across the road{中考小作文看图说话怎么写}.
• 3. fall off the bike/ fall down from the bike • 4. a car hit sb. / sb. one’s leg was hurt badly • 5.send…to the nearest hospital…at once
• 6.suddenly; see sb. doing sth. hear sb. shouting for help • 7.fall into the river; jump into the water…save sb. … • 8.pick up the purse; give back to sb. • 9. be thankful to sb. / thank sb. a lot • 10.share the umbrella with sb. 过马路
• on the way home/ on the way to school • see sb. Waling across the street • help sb cross the street • be thankful to sb.
• What a kind girl/boy！
拾金不昧
• See„do/doing sth.
• A purse fall down onto the floor • Pick up
• Give back to…
• What a kind girl/boy!
中考任务型阅读和看图写话训练 二
中考英语任务型阅读训练 二
CCTV cameras watch action
In UK , Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras are everywhere.
They help the police solve crimes and keep the streets safe. But that’s not all
they do . They also catch people doing very stupid or smart things.
One of the videos is of a British woman Mary Bale. She clearly doesn’t
like cats. In 2010 she was caught on CCTV throwing one into a dustbin. The
video shows Mary walking down a quiet street. All of sudden , she notices
Lola, the cat jump onto a fence. Mary stops to pickup Lola and drops her
into a large dustbin . Lola was saved fifteen hours later. And Mary was
arrested for causing unnecessary suffering to an animal . She was fined ( 罚款)￡250 and was
not allowed to own pets for five years.
Another video shows “ Britain’s drunkest man” . He’s been at a party at London’s Savoy
Hotel. And he’d obviously had a few too many glasses of beer. At about 2 a. m. , he was kicked
out for being too drunk . So, he decided to walk home. On the way , CCTV cameras filmed him
falling down stairs and crossing the roads madly… A Savoy Hotel waiter said, “ It’s amazing he
didn’t hurt himself badly.”
Sometimes they also record smart events. Once a British band The Get Out Clause didn’t
have any money to make a music video. So , they came up with an unbelievable idea. They set up
their instruments and played a song in front of eight CCTV cameras. And then, according to the
English Freedom of Information Act , they asked for a copy of all the footages ( 视频) , which
they edited. The result is that a totally new music video was made, and it didn’t cost them a penny.
Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have
modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.
Life today has brought new problems.
One of the biggest problems is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and
lakes dirty. It killed our fish and _____a_____ our drinking water.
____b_____ pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air
1
pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s hard to all the living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day, （2
Many countries are making rules to flight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is poured away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car,
(3)开车的人越少，空气污染就越少。
1. 在横线上填入适当的单词 a.____________ b. _____________.(每空一词){中考小作文看图说话怎么写}.
2. 将句子(2)译成汉语
______________________________________________________________
3. 将句子(3)译成英语
_______________________________________________________________
4. 找出Dirty water must be stopped from dumping into the river. 的同义句. _______________________________________________________________
5. 找出或写出能概括本文大意的句子。
_______________________________________________________________
中考看图写话训练 二
1. well, play 2. favorite, play 3. learn English, by
1._____________________________________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________________________________
3._____________________________________________________________________________
2
4. math, exercise 5. how, polite
4._____________________________________________________________________________
5._____________________________________________________________________________
3