grearguement范文

快速阅读题目点击： 2013-09-17

grearguement范文篇一

新GRE写作arguement怎么写_GRE写作

智课网GRE备考资料

新GRE写作arguement怎么写_GRE写作

许多考生往往在拿到新GRE arguement写作题目时不细心研究题目就开始盲目动笔写作，这样是不正确的，应该首先学会读题目，认真分析题目句子和句子间的逻辑关系。下面是一位GRE写作达人的新GRE写作arguement的具体写作思路。

The following appeared in a medical newsletter.

"Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients. The first group of patients, all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperation time was, on average, 40 percent quicker than typically expected. Patients in the second group, all being treated by Dr. Alton, a general physician, were given sugar pills, although the patients believed they were taking antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced. Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment“

先看我同学是怎么写的，他的3段攻击大概是这样的：

1.2个医生背景不同

2.2个实验组的具体情况信息实在太少，不足以判断

3.并不一定所有的病人都会发生2次感染

想来他的思路具有一些普遍性，现在来看我说我的思路。

要写好arguement，首先就是要学会读题目怎么读题目？不是单单找逻辑错误就完了的，你更要分析题目句子和句子间的逻辑关系。

也许有的人此刻会笑，心说，“哪个模版上不说，“arguer的所说的结论是什么，他的论据是什么……”，“有谁会分不清楚？” 虽然谁都知道，但是你有没有真正想过这里面的内在含义？

这个题目，我会分成3块：

第一是前提：Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain

第二是结论：Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment

剩下来的都是论据。

但是请分清楚这些都是谁的论据，他们都是用来证明“This hypothesis has now been proved by preliminary results of a study of two groups of patients.”的。那换言之，就是前提的论据。

简单说来，就是作者的话可以这样复述“因为[前提]的存在，所以我的[结论]是……那为什么说这个[前提]是正确的呢？因为……[论据]”

这3者间的逻辑关系

前提和结论

前提和结论可以说是一个因果关系 (至少作者想体现出一种因果关系)。

论据和前提

论据和前提也可以说是一个因果关系，因为这里的论据是用来证明前提的。

但是，究竟哪个逻辑关系是主关系呢?显然应该是前提和结论的因果关系

如果你承认这点，那么就应该在你的第一攻击点，首先考虑攻击这个关系。反过来说，如果你第一段攻击了，那2个病人的实验，那你就是主次没分清楚好，我们来看，这个结论和前提的因果关系到底有什么逻辑问题！

这个又是一个读题目能力的考察，一定要仔细啊！

前提：Doctors have long suspected that secondary infections may keep some patients from healing quickly after severe muscle strain

结论：Therefore, all patients who are diagnosed with muscle strain would be well advised to take antibiotics as part of their treatment

最明显一些关键词，我已经给标出来了。剩下的也有值得关注的比如结论里面的 part。

是否发现，单单这2句话，比那一段实验还要有多话说?

secondary infections may ——> 一个仅仅是may 的事情，居然推广到都会发生，显然错了。

some——>all 一些病人推广到所有病人显然也错了。

severe muscle strain 和一般的 muscle strain 病人能同等对待么?只有严重肌肉损伤的人中才有某些人可能发生再次感染，没有说任何关于整个肌肉损伤病人的信息。

由此，一下就至少3个攻击点。怎么攻击，不用我说了，这个你们很熟悉。但是在这里，我必须要再次强调为什么要先攻击这个地方，这个是西方的习惯，先攻击最重要的逻辑问题。

为什么这个比2个病患组的例子更重要?病患组的例子你再怎么攻击，最多也就是能说“这些证据，并不能表明[前提]是一定存在的”，那也就等于说，[前提]还是有可能存在的。你最后的攻击无非就是“一个不一定确实存在的[前提]，不能推导到那样的结论”

而我攻击前提和结论这个逻辑层面，我就能说，即便[前提]是完全正确的，我也不能得到那样的结论。所以，要先攻击这个逻辑关系这个地方说的有点绕，希望大家仔细想下。

那这3个点攻击完了，这个主逻辑层次攻击完了，怎么着至少攻击了2段了吧?如果你愿意此刻攻击了3段了，接着是什么?接着才是那2个病患组的攻击，也就是攻击他的前提了，想怎么攻击怎么攻击。

但是，不知道你们发现了没有，不管你怎么攻击这个证据，顶多也就是个information too vague，没有能重伤这个文章让别人怀疑的能力。

而我们最开始的攻击，相对于前者，可以说就是招招致命，让人足够怀疑了。

所以，大家要分清楚，攻击是有主次的，攻击不同的逻辑层次产生的效力也是完全不一样的。不要觉得什么地方好写，就多写。什么错误先出现就先写。很有可能最后出现的错误就是最致命的错误。

新GRE写作arguement不单单是要考生找逻辑错误，内在的要求是考生自己的文章也要很具有逻辑性。所以，新GRE写作是否具有逻辑性是非常重要的。同时，智课小编也请大家注意读题目，先要把题目句子间的逻辑顺序搞清了，前提和结论都好好的仔细读。只要做到努力备考新GRE写作总会有收获的。

grearguement范文篇二

GRE作文arguement第七篇

The argument is rife with holes and assumptions. We can see that only based on the unsound reasoning, the author rashly makes the fallacious and ridiculous conclusion that opening the café will allow Monarch to attract more customers and better complete with Regal Books which recently opened its own cafe. The author makes such egregious flaws as cause and effects, false analog, insufficient investigation and analyses.

First of all, the author commits the “causes and effect ”fallacy. It is said in the statement that opening the café would attract more customers. It is irrational for the author to reach the conclusion that opening a café will inevitably result in attracting more customers. Nevertheless, other relevant reasons may cause the same effect as well. For example, Monarch have some new books that are very popular in recent days attract more customers or some other book stores closed near Monarch Books that people have to go to Monarch Books. Moreover, It is highly possible that the aforementioned reasons have nothing to do with the alleged result.

In addition, there are severely weakness in the statistical investigation. The sample is not enough to support this analyses. The vaguely usage of “more, a significant decline” is too subjective to insinuate the large proportion of the sample. We can not sure that how many customers will be attracted if Monarch Books open a café and the rate between these increased customers and the large customers base? Moreover, we can even not sure the amount of the decline of children’s book section. Maybe, it is only a few children don’t want to buy children’s books in Monarch Books. Furthermore, the most recent national census may not represent the situations in this areas and we don’t know the method of this investigation in this census. It is momentous that the proceeding should be conducted in an unbiased format. For example, provided that the census is not anonymous, the credibility of the results must be highly dubious.

Even though it may prove true that the “cause and effect” can be analyzed and the statistics are representative, yet the author hastily makes the conclusion by falsely making the irrational analogy between Monarch Books and Regal Books, ignoring the gaps of various situations between them. It is possible that there are some cafés near Monarch Books and the Regal store has only cafe in that area. And the person in this areas which Monarch Books located don’t like to drink café. Therefore, this conclusion drawn in the statement is unconvincing.

To sum up, the conclusion reached in the argument lacks credibility since the evidence cited in the analyses does not lend strong provide concrete evidence of facts, investigation of the census and solid proof that café will attract more customers, otherwise, the argument is logically unacceptable.

grearguement范文篇三

新GRE作文 Argument 自创模版

GRE Argument 模版

GRE argument 作文大概可分为三个部分：开头、正文、结尾。对于不同的写作要求，只需要在开头和结尾适当呼应即可。

Argument中常用词可用同义词代替，避免重复。下面是高频词的叙词表：

Claim/view/assumption/assertion/conclusion/argument/result/conjecture/prediction/verdict/recommendation

Data/demonstration/testimony/evidence/proof/information/confirmation/corroboration Applicant/speaker/XXX/arguer/author Possibility/explanation/ scenario/reason{grearguement范文}.

开头

A, E, Q对应三种写作要求——Assumption\Evidence\question，可参见张雷东讲义或者《GRE写作思路剖析》

说明：黄色高亮是根据材料补充的内容,绿色高亮表示上一句可以用下一句同等替换。 A{grearguement范文}.

带concession结构

By citing that [evidence], this argument concludes that [conclusion]. Though [concession]OR Though this argument might seem reasonable at first glance, it relies on a series of assumptions/conjectures that [evidence]. Since these assumptions are not well supported, the conclusion reached is unpersuasive as it stands.

In the argument, XXX asserts that [conclusion]. To support his /her argument, the speaker/applicant points out that [evidence]. However, close scrutiny of the evidences reveals that it accomplishes little toward supporting the XXX’s view. Beyond this data/demonstration/testimony, more specific evidence would, however, be still in great need in solidifying the projected result.

This argument is intended to point out that [conclusion]. This prediction/assertion seems strengthened by [evidence]. He or She also sites evidence /demonstration/ testimony that

[evidence]. These supporting evidences, however, lends little credible support to the arguer’s claim, for answers to several questions should be further clarified.

正文

推理错误Flaws in the reasoning line

通用格式列举他因、错误类比、草率推广

Even if [concession], the argument rests on further assumption that [fallacy]. Yet this need not be the case for a variety of possible reasons. OR However this will not necessarily be the case. Perhaps [example]. Or perhaps [example]. Unless the author can rule out such possibilities/explanations/scenarios/reasons, ORIn short, without ruling out other alternative reasons, the author cannot justifiably conclude that/rely on [conclusion].

Finally, even if /granted that the author can substantiate the foregoing assumptions, it is too hasty to conclude that [fallacy]. In relying on the lack of solid/robust evidence, the speaker overlooks the possibility that [example]. It is entirely/equally possible that [example]. If so, the author must solidify the prediction accordingly. 充分性、因果关系、列举他因 The author’s position taken from the assumed prediction that [fallacy] preclude the possibility that [example]. Yet the author fails to provide assurances that no other means to achieve the predicted/desired result. Nor does the author provide clear evidence that [example]. OR Useful would be any information about the likelihood that [example]. Lacking such evidence the author cannot reasonable conclude [conclusion].

错误类比、列举他因

Yet another problem with the argument involves XXX’s implicit claim that [conclusion]. OR The implication the author hints here is that [conclusion]. This claim relies on the unlikely assumption that [fallacy]. OR In order to reasonably conclude that [conclusion], XXX must assume that [fallacy]. Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that it is necessarily the case. ([Evidence] are not the only factor affecting [conclusion].列举他因时使用) Other (such) factors might include [example]. Furthermore, the author does not provide any information about [example]. Thus regardless of such evidence OR With no consideration about such evidence, the speaker cannot justify the conclusion that [conclusion].

此段是conclusion + fallacy双结构

这种结构不仅提供了concession，还可用于“为了得出某某结论 (conclusion)，作者必须假设XX (fallacy)”的逻辑论述

逻辑顺序是：结论 + fallacy + 原因 + 例子

时效性、参数恒定

The final questions with the argument involve the experimental process. The experiment’s results are reliable only if all other factor that might affect [conclusion] remained constant during [time], and if the results of experimental subjects is statistically significant. Yet the author fails to provide assurances that no other factors that would influence the conclusion. Without evidence of the experiment’s methodological and statistical reliability, the speaker’s conclusion is unjustifiable. For additional support the author points out that [fallacy]. However, historical changes

should not be abbreviated in this judgment. [example]. Only if all other factors affecting the assertion were essentially the same for [time] could the article rely on this assumption to support its claim.

样本问题Flaws in sample

样本数量、样本质量

Additionally, the Reliability of the author’s study rests on its statistical integrity. The argument fails to indicate that [example] (what portion the [example] is), the smaller this portion, the less reliable the results).Moreover, it is equally likely that [example]. Since (the amount of样本数量时加上) applicants has not adequately responded to this concern, the claim that [conclusion] is untenable.

样本质量

To begin with, the author provides no assurances that the survey on which the argument depends is statistically reliable. Unless the survey’s respondents are representative of the overall XXX, the author cannot rely on it to predict [conclusion]. For all we know a significant percentage of the respondents was [example]. For this matter, the assumption that respondents are typical of XXX is unjustified.

Conclusion + fallacy双结构

特殊格式

三段带example的conclusion短文,，适用于短小论证片段 In short, with no data [example], the speaker cannot confidently identify what caused the subjects to [conclusion]. It is impossible to conclude with any confidence that [conclusion]without comparing/considering [example]. With no consideration about [example], the speaker cannot justify the conclusion that

[conclusion].

定义攻击 A threshold problem involves the definition of a critical term: [wrong definition]. If by XXX, the author simply means: [correct definition], then the claim would have merit, otherwise, it would not. Absent either a clear definition of the term or clear evidence that [assumption], it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.

结尾

In summary,the recommendation relies on certain doubtful assumptions that render it unconvincing as it stands. To bolster the recommendation, XXX must provide clear evidence that [Suggestion].The speaker must rule out the possibility that [Suggestion]. If the arguer could substantiate the critical assumption/question that [Suggestion], the conclusion would be better supported.

grearguement范文篇四

新GRE作文ARGUMENT官方题库+翻译

This page contains the Argument topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE®revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Argument topic from this pool.

Each Argument topic consists of a passage that presents an argument followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to analyze the argument. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1)

Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such

a"Palean"basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no

Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

一种具有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄Palea的临近地区发现过，因而被认为是Palea居所独有的。然而最近，考古学家在一个与Palea隔着一条叫做Brim河的村庄Lithos发现了一个这样的Palea篮子。Brim河很深很宽，所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿过它，但没有证据表明Palea人拥有船只。这表明那种所谓的Palea篮子并不是那里所独有的。

1) the author fails to consider the possibility that the Palean may arrived in Lithos through other means

2) the Palean basket could arrive other place through many possible methods such as trade, or boats

possessed by other culture.

3) In Palean times, the Brim River may not be as deep and broad as it is currently.

4) This may also result from migration. 5) 没有证据表明palea和brim是同时期存在的，不同时期情况更复杂

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2)

The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.

"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations(such as an

encounter with an unfamiliar monkey),firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence).The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."

Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.

最近一项对恒河猴的调查揭示了出生顺序对于个体刺激水平的影响。调查显示在受到刺激的环境下（例如遇到一个不熟悉的猴子），头胎小猴的皮质醇分泌会翻倍，这样增加了它及其兄弟姐妹的身体灵活度。人类的头胎孩子在遇到刺激（例如父母外出回家）时也会分泌出相对浓度的皮质醇。研究同时还发现在怀孕期间，第一次为人母的猴子的皮质醇要比生过几次孩子后的猴子水平高很多。

1) 任何猴子不是一类，不能归于一谈

2) 产生皮质醇的原因可能是由于害怕等因素而非出生顺序

3) 产生皮质醇可能是由于害怕等等因素而非出生顺序

4) 样本的数量和真实性、代表性作者没有说明 5) 母猴体内皮质醇水平跟小猴体内皮质醇水平没有直接关系

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3)

The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.

"Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store

owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If

skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

过去两年中，中心广场的顾客数量稳步下降与此同时滑板却急剧增加。很多中心广场的店主认为顾客数量下滑是由于玩滑板人数的增加。同时整个广场废弃物和公物损毁也大大增加。因此，我们建议应该在中心广场禁止玩滑板。如果禁止的话，我们估计中心广场的生意将会恢复到以前的水平。

1) 过去“两年”，时间太短使得数据不具说服性

2) 没有证据表明顾客数量的下降与skateboarder的增加有直接关系

3) 仅仅是店主的看法不具有参考价值，应该调查顾客等更多人的看法

4) 废弃物和公务损坏的增加也会是顾客数量下降的原因

5) 没有证据表明废弃物和公务损坏的增加是skateboarder造成的

171)

The following appeared as a letter to the editor from the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.

"Two years ago the city voted to prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. They claimed that skateboard users were responsible for the litter and vandalism that were keeping other visitors from coming to the plaza. In the past two years, however, there has only been a small increase in the number of visitors to Central Plaza, and litter and vandalism are still problematic.

Skateboarding is permitted in Monroe Park, however, and there is no problem with litter or

vandalism there. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory, then, we recommend that the city lift its prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza."{grearguement范文}.

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

两年前，市里投票禁止了在中央广场玩滑板。他们认为是滑板爱好者的废弃物和损毁公物的行为使游客远离了广场。然而在过去两年中，中央广场的游客却只有少数增加，而且废弃物和损毁公物的行为依然存在。滑板运动在M公园就被允许，但是那里却没有任何的废弃物和损毁公物的行为。为了能让中央广场重新焕发生机，我们建议市里应该取消广场禁止滑板的限令。

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The following appeared in a letter from a homeowner to a friend.

"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams Realty is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents; in contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch and included home sales that averaged$168, 000, compared to Fitch's$144,000.Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago I listed my home with Fitch, and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams Realty."

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

在本市的两家最大的房地产经纪公司--Adams Realty和Fitch Realty--之中，Adams显然更优秀一些。Adams有40名房地产经纪人，而Fitch只有25个，且很多是兼职工作。而且，Adams去年的收入是Fitch的两倍，其平均房价为$168000，而Fitch仅为$144000。在Adams销售的房屋卖得也更快：十年前，我把我的房产交给Fitch，它用了四个多月才卖出去；去年，我在Adams卖了另一处房产，仅用一个月就售出了。因此，要想让你的房产卖的更快更好，你应该选择Adams。

1) A的收入是F的两倍，但没有数据显示A售出房产的数量是F的两倍，所以很可能A收取了较

高的中介费

2) A的房价比F高没有考虑到房产的净价值，可能A的房产本来就价值高，所以售价较高{grearguement范文}.

3) 十年前的数据不能跟去年的数据比较，不具可比性

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

"On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island's moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals."

b岛的人口在夏季达到了100000，而助力车则是岛上一种非常普遍的交通方式。为了减少由助力车和行人引发的事故，b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量，从原来的每天50量减少到25量。通过限制出租数量，市政府将会实现助力车事故减少50％的目标，就像去年邻近s岛市政府在实施了同样的政策后所取得的效果。

1) 没有证据显示岛上的人车交通事故是因为助力车造成的，原因可能主要是由于行人的不遵守交通规则造成。

2) 即使是降低了50%的数量，也不意味着会降低50%的事故啊，可能车少了开的就会更快，反而会增加事故的严重性

3) 岛上助力车租赁公司的租车数量占的比例多吗?减少会明显改变岛上助力车的总量吗？

4) 没有证据显示助力车过多造成了事故，作为主要的交通工具，可能正是因为助力车在夏季过少，才导致大多数人不得不走路，而更多的人走到了助力车道，造成交通事故，加大助力车的投入可能还会减少事故的发生

5) 在s岛上产生的效果不一定在b岛产生

159)

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

"The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau

enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents."

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.

b岛的人口在夏季达到了100000，而助力车则是岛上一种非常普遍的交通方式。为了减少由助力车和行人引发的事故，b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量，从原来的每天50量减少到25量。去年邻近T岛市政府通过限制出租数量，助力车事故减少50％的。我们预计B岛的相同限制也同样会起到效力并使助力车事故降低50%。

173)

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.

"The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then, the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals

allowed at each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months."

b岛的人口在夏季翻了一番。b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量，从原来的每天50量减少到25量，这将有助于减少由助力车和行人引发的事故。去年邻近T岛市政府通过限制出租数量，助力车事故减少50％的。为了减少助力车事故，因此我们也应该采取相同的政策。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6)

Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the

purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deer's being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

北极鹿生活在加拿大极地区域的岛屿上。它们全年都通过冰块在岛屿间移动来寻找食物。它们的栖

居地局限在那些温暖得足以维持它们所需的植物生长，并且在一年的至少某些时候冷到足以让岛屿间的海面结冰以使它们能够在岛屿间旅行的地方。然而，根据当地猎人的报告，鹿的数量正在下降。由于这一报告正好与最近导致海洋冰面融化的全球变暖趋势同时发生，我们可以得出结论：北极鹿的数量的下降是它们无法按它们原有的迁移习惯穿越结冰海面的结果。

1) 猎人的报告是可靠？之前的鹿大概有多少头，之后的鹿有多少头？是否仅仅是因为鹿迁移出了猎人居住的区域

2) 也可能有其他原因，比如天敌数量增加等等，导致鹿的数量下降，并不一定是温度升高所致

3) 猎人的猎杀也会造成鹿的数量的下降，猎人很可能在推卸责任

4) 还有，而且没有证据表明冰川已经融化到无法迁移的程度，即使已经融化到无法迁移了，那么气候变暖也可能会导致岛上的植被增加，可能已经可以满足鹿的需求，反而不用迁移了，无法迁移并不一定意味着鹿的数量会减少

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7)

The following is a recommendation from the Board of Directors of Monarch Books.

"We recommend that Monarch Books open a caféin its store. Monarch, having been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer base because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Clearly, opening the cafe would attract more customers. Space could be made for the cafe by discontinuing the children's book section, which will probably become less popular given that the most recent national census indicated a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten. Opening a cafe will allow Monarch to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened its own café."

我们建议m书店在电内开设一个咖啡厅。M书店在目前的店址上已经经营了20多年，并由于其广泛的图书种类而拥有了庞大的客户群体。很明显，新开设的咖啡厅会吸引更多的客户，空间可以通过撤出儿童书籍柜台来获得，因为最近一次全国调查显示10岁以下儿童的比率显著下降，所以儿童书就可能没以前那么畅销。开设新咖啡厅将会使m吸引更多客户并更好的与最近刚开设了咖啡厅的r书店展开竞争。

98)

The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.

"Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large

customer base due to its reader-friendly atmosphere and wide selection of books on all subjects. Last month, Book and Bean, a combination bookstore and coffee shop, announced its intention to open a Collegeville store. Monarch Books should open its own in-store cafe in the space currently devoted to children's books. Given recent national census data indicating a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten, sales of children's books are likely to decline. By replacing its children's books section with a café, Monarch Books can increase profits and ward off competition from Book and Bean."

自打20年前在C开设以来，M书店就因其友善的氛围和广泛的图书种类而拥有了一大批顾客。三个月，B&B，一家综合咖啡书店，宣布其要在C开设新店。我们建议m书店在电内开设一个咖啡厅，空间可以通过撤出儿童书籍柜台来获得，因为最近一次全国调查显示10岁以下儿童的比率显著下降，所以儿童书就可能没以前那么畅销。开设新咖啡厅将会使m吸引更多客户并更好的与B&B书店

grearguement范文篇五

[GRE]arguement 模板

In this argument, the arguer advocates that [main idea].

 ·in order to 好/boost (sagging) profits/improve the economic health

 ·A should emulate B’s measures

 To bolster the conclusion,

 the arguer provides the evidence/statistics that...,

 points out that...

 cites the result of a resent survey that... indicated a preference for...

 cites data collected during a recent study, suggesting that ...

 along with the fact that .../ based on which he assumes that ...

 In addition/Furthermore/Meanwhile,

 he projects/predicts that

Although this argument might seem reasonable at first glance, it is in fact ill-conceived. The reasons are stated as follows.

In the first place/In the second place/The last but not the least

 the threshold problem with this argument is that ……

 the argument depends on a dubious assumption that……

 the arguer assumes that no factor other than .... is responsible for/gives birth to……

 even if the evidence turns out to support the foregoing assumptions, the arguer just simply

assumes that……

 Although this is entirely possible, the arguer offers no evidence to substantiate this crucial

assumption.

 Nevertheless, there is no guarantee that it is necessarily the case, and the arguer does not

supply any evidence to confirm this assumption.

 and neither any conclusive scientific evidence nor any anecdotal evidence is provided to

affirm this assumption.

 It is very likely that

 It is possible that……

 It is reasonable to doubt that what the arguer assumes will not happen in reality. It is just as

possible that……

 An appropriate example is not very far to seek.

 To illustrate this point clearly, let us take a look at the following representative example.

 The arguer's reasoning is flawed unless the arguer can convince me that these and other

possible scenarios are unlikely.

 Without accounting for and ruling out these and other alternative explanations, the arguer

cannot bolster the recommendation.

 Without patching these logical flaws /better evidence that the study/survey is statistically

reliable the arguer cannot rely on it to draw any firm conclusions.

 To reach the cited conclusion, the arguer must explain either why none of these alternatives

is available or why none of them is able to sustain.

 To reach the cited conclusion,the arguer should account for and rule out these possibilities.  the following deductions appear to be precarious since the most important premise proves to

To sum up, the conclusion reached by the arguer lacks credibility since the argument has several flaws which render it logically unpersuasive as it stands. In order to draw a better conclusion, the arguer should

 first further develop his argument by ……

 reason more convincingly, cite some evidence that is more persuasive to show the****.  And also, he should eliminate the possible influences interrupting the analogy experiment.  At last he should discreetly reconsider the proposal for ……

 Additionally, the author would provide more information to show that ……, and take every

possible consideration into account.

Therefore, if the author had considered the given factors discussed above, the argument would have been more through and acceptable.

两个东西不相关

the secondary infections the problems faced by the two groups of patients. the two groups of patients have even been infected for a second time.the doctors have limited the secondary infections on the severe muscle strain. It is somehow different form the normal muscle injuries

调查不可信

Since the survey is a telephone survey, the reliability of its result is suspicious at many aspects, e.g. the size of the sample, who responded to the survey, if the

respondents could exactly understand the questions, if the respondents were forthright when answering the questions, etc.

没有对比，无法定义

And also, the unfamiliar stimuli, as the author claims, can probably have the same effects on most of the infants. it is the human instinct to be scared by the unknown; such characteristics may intensively appear on the infants. Maybe every infant tend to be distressful

还有其他的原因，不是就这一个

of distress, the genetic inheritance, the environment the infants have faced since the birth and many other factors can also contribute to the distress. melatonin stimuli engendered by their mothers,

错上加错

In addition ，the follow-up studyingThe author while categorizing them into the shyness in strictly medical sense. The different conditions in growing in fact, if an individual grows up without brother or sister, he can be a silent person since he never get used to talking to others. Such continuation cannot be truly

类比有错误

the two groups of patients are confronting the secondary infections as the author has stated, the patients. If the patients being to the doctors and their treating method. Dr. Newland is an expert in muscle injuries and Dr.

Alton and therefore, Dr. Alton doesn't have performance as excellent as Dr. Newland. And the treating condition and environment a specifist may have better and more fitful medical utility dealing with the problem. 两个东西不能比，有差别

In the ** place,

逻辑错误

调查错误

·the sampling of the study is reliable.

It is very likely that the experimental and the control groups of the study were not randomly chosen.

For example, they are just ... which could not represent a diverse cross section of the population. 画蛇添足

·it is necessary that

过去

·be responsible for/contribute to/ give birth to

未来

·this trend in... will continue in the future

空间变化

·the similar strategy will carry a similar result at ...

另起炉灶

·no course of action other than the proposed one will contribute to the problem.

It is just as possible that other proposals might also solve the problem.

For example, there are ...

负面影响

· there is no possible detrimental effect of...

例子

核心词汇

such as/ especially if/

人口因素

·A has experienced a large growth in its population

管理因素

·imprudent (pricing and distribution) strategies or poor management

偶然因素

... was an aberration

先天因素

·... was more relatively healthy/relatively bright than average to begin with.{grearguement范文}.

For example, they exercise regularly and eat healthily

司机因素

... do not have enough security knowledge in mind or do not keep alert all the time.

For example, a large portion of A, who enjoy the feeling of freedom and high speed, are bold and careless, which may be the lurking danger for accidents.

时间因素

were traveling during less safe times of the day, such as early in the morning, or during twilight 地形因素

the geographic features of ... are more conductive to cause accidents.

For example, ... has many sharp turns

天气因素

poor weather

价格因素

the price of... has been cut down in order to tout consumers

旅游因素

A is a tour resort, so the customers who ... are mainly tourists instead of local residents. 宴会因素

most of the consumption is from the big company’s invitation banquet

品牌因素

A has some special advantage that B do not have - and that it cannot duplicate in any other types. 供求因素

Property values are a function of supply and demand.

It is at least likely that the demand for housing in the area happens to rocket dramatically due to an influx of major employers.