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中文常用谚语翻译
English Idioms and Proverbs
1. No sweet without sweat. 没有耕耘就没有收获
2. One is as old as one’s heart. 心有多老人有多老
3. Time heals all sorrows. 时间治愈一切创伤
4. Many hands make light work. 人多力量大
5. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下
6. Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪
7. As poor as a church mouse.一贫如洗
8. A good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口
9. Clothes make the man.人靠衣装, 佛靠金装
10. Clothes don’t make the man.不能以貌取人
11. Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁
12. Look before you leap.三思而后行
13. To teach a fish how to swim.班门弄斧
14. Self-trust is the first secret of success.自信是成功的秘诀
15. Better late than never.迟做总比不做好
16. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助
17. Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌
18. Rome was not built in a day.伟业非一日之功
19. Like father , Like son.有其父必有其子
20. Well begun, half done好的开端,成功的一半
21. Every cloud has a silver lining否极泰来
22. Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成
23. Haste makes waste.欲速则不达
24. All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马
25. Time and tide waits for no man岁月不等人
26. Honesty is the best policy.诚实是上策
27. Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
早睡早起使人健康, 富有, 和聪明
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28. An apple a day keeps doctor away一日一个苹果不用看医生
29. No venture, no gain不入虎穴,焉得虎子
30. No pains , no gains不劳无获
31. Action speaks louder than words事实胜于雄辩
32. Living well is the best revenge活得好就是最好的报复
33. A famed person and a fatted pig are alike人怕出名猪怕壮
34. Sow nothing, reap nothing.春不播, 秋不收
35. It is easy to be wise after the event.事后诸葛亮容易当
36. Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败
37. Let bygones be bygones.既往不咎 过去的事
38. A man is known by the company he keeps观其友, 知其人
39. Learning is a bitter root, but it bears sweet fruit.学习根苦果甜
40. Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body.
智慧对大脑如健康对人体一样重要
41. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man 读书使人渊博,交谈使人机敏,写作使人严谨
42. Knowledge comes from diligence知识来自勤奋
43. Silence gives consent 沉默就是赞成
44. Many a little makes a mickle 积少成多
45. Turn geese into swans 言过其实
46. As you make your bed, so you must lie on it 自作自受
47. Far fowls have fair feathers 得不到的东西最美
48. Better be sure than sorry 稳当总比后悔好
49. No man is indispensable 离开谁地球都照样转
50. You can not make a crab walk straight 不能强人所难 螃蟹
51. A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone肉骨头打狗,狗不叫
52. Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl 近朱者赤,近墨者黑
53. A friend is known in necessity 患难见友情
54. Poverty tries friends 贫穷考验朋友
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55. A friend to all is a friend to none 和人人是朋友,和谁也不是朋友
56. Friendship can’t stand always on one side 友谊是双方的事
57. A friend is easier lost than found 朋友易失不易得
58. Every man has his faults 人都有缺点
59. One tree does not make a forest 独木不成林
60. One flower does not make a spring 一花独放不是春
61. One swallow does not make a summer 孤雁不成夏
62. Where there is unity, there is victory 团结就是力量
63. Two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it 鹬蚌相争,渔翁得利
64. Love me little, love me long 爱情应细水长流
65. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder 情人眼里出西施
66. Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水
67. Absence makes the heart grow fonder 越是不见越想念
68. A man is as old as he feels and a woman as old as she looks
69. Petted daughters make silly wives 宠坏的女儿会变成傻婆娘
70. Better a glorious death than a shameful life 宁为玉碎不为瓦全
71. When in Rome do as the Romans do 入乡随俗
72. A penny saved is a penny gained 省一分是一分
73. One false move may lose the whole game 一步走错步步错
74. Procrastination is the thief of time拖延是时间的贼
75. Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today
今天能做的事情不要拖到明天做
76. Seeing is believing 眼见为实
77. Lightly gained, quickly lost得之容易失之快{中文谚语}.
78. You may take a horse to the water, but you can’t make him drink
79. Art is long, life is short艺术永恒, 生命长久
80. No man is wise at all times没有聪明一世的人
81. Constant dropping wears away a stone水滴石穿
82. Killing two birds with one stone一箭双雕
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83. Put the cart before the horse本末倒置
84. All your swans become geese美妙希望成泡影
85. Rob Peter, to pay Paul拆东补西
86. The mountains have brought forth a mouse雷声大,雨点小
87. Make a mountain out of a molehill小题大做
88. After a storm comes a calm雨过天晴/苦尽甘来
89. The childhood shows the man从小看大, 三岁知老
90. By uniting we stand, by dividing we fall合则存,分则亡
91. Knowledge is power知识就是力量
92. he laughs best who laughs last谁笑到最后, 谁笑得最好
93. Men may meet but mountains never人生何处不相逢
94. A little pot is soon hot壶小易沸,量小易怒
95. One is never too old to learn活到老学到老
96. No men is born wise or learned 人非生而知之
97. Books and friends should be few but good 书与友,贵精不贵多
98. Ignorance is the mother or impudence 无知是鲁莽之源
99. A rolling stone gathers no moss 滚石不生苔/见异思迁,终无所获 100.
101.
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103.
104.{中文谚语}.
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106.
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110.
111. April and May are the key of the year 一年之计在于春 Time is the great healer 时间是最好的医治者 Punctuality is the politeness of kings 守时是最大的礼貌 Opportunities do not wait 机不可失, 时不再来 Where there is life, there is hope留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 Wake not a sleeping lion./ Let sleeping dogs lie 不要自找麻烦/不要惹事生 Tastes differ/ One man’s meat is another man’s poison 人各有所好 Silence gives consent 沉默就是赞同 Patience is a virtue 忍耐是美德 Opportunity seldom knocks twice 富无双至 One good turn deserves another 有来有往/ 善有善报 A burnt child dreads the fire 一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳
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112. Bad news travels fast/ Bad news has wings 好事不出门 坏事传千里 113. A bargain is a bargain 一言为定
114. Beggars can’t be choosers 饥不择食
115. Misfortunes never come single 祸不单行
116. Walls have ears 隔墙有耳
117. East or West. Home is best 金窝、银窝不如自家的草窝 118. Spare the rod and spoil the child 省了棍棒, 害了儿女
119. Silence is golden, speech is silver 沉默是金, 言语是银
120. One bird in the hand is worth two in the bush 一鸟在手胜于二鸟在林
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中英文谚语
谚语
A
A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 一着不慎,满盘皆输. All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的未必都是金子。 A child is better unborn than untaught. 养不教,父之过。 Art is long, life is short. 生命短暂,艺术长存。 A friend is best found in adversity. 患难见真情。 Although the sun shine, leave not your cloak at home. 未雨绸缪。 A light heart live long. 心情开朗寿命长。不恼不愁,活到白头。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 日吃苹果一只,身体健康不求医。 All covet, all lose. 样样垂涎,样样失落。贪多嚼不烂。 A good winter brings a good summer. 瑞雪兆丰年。 All rivers run into the sea. 殊途同归。 A small leak will sink a great ship. 千里之堤溃于蚁穴。 All time is no time when it is past. 机不可失,时不再来。 A baker's wife may bite of a bun, a brewer's wife may bite of a tun. 近水楼台先得月。 A short cut is often a wrong cut.欲速则不达。 A staff is quickly found to beat a dog with.欲加之罪,何患无辞。 A prophet is not without honor save in his own country. 远来的和尚好念经。 All feet tread not in one shoe. 众口难调。 A uncut gem does not sparkle. 玉不琢,不成器。 A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 A crow is never the whiter for washing herself often.江山易改,本性难移。 A little spark may kindle a great fire.星星之火,可以燎原。 B Beauty is but skin-deep. 美丽只是外表罢了 Brevity is the soul of wit. 言以简洁为贵 Bread is the staff of life. 民以食为天。 A uncut gem does not sparkle. 玉不琢,不成器。 Behind the mountains there are people to be found.天外有天,山外有山。 Better die standing than live kneeling 宁愿站着死,也不跪着生。 Better be envied than pitied. 宁被人妒,不受人怜。 C Cats hide their claws.知人知面不知心。 Cast an anchor to windward.未雨绸缪。 Care and diligence bring luck. D Deliberate slowly, execute promptly. 慎于思而敏于行。谨慎勤奋,带来好运。 Diamonds cut diamonds. 棋逢对手,将遇良才。 Danger past, God forgotten. 飞鸟尽,良弓藏。 Dreams are lies. 梦不足信。 Do not teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。
Do not have too many irons in the fire. 贪多嚼不烂。
Do unto others as you would be done by. 己所不欲,勿失于人。
E
Experience is the best teacher. 实践出真知。
Every man is the architect (or artificer) of his own fortune. 自己幸福自己创。 Evening red and morning grey are the sign of a fine day. 晚霞行千里。
Every bean has its black. 金无足赤,人无完人。
Even woods have ears.隔墙有耳。
Enough is better than too much. 过犹不及。
Every tub must stand on its own bottom. 人贵自立。
Experience teaches. 吃一堑,长一智。{中文谚语}.
F
Full vessels sound least. 大智若愚。
First impressions are half the battle. 先入为主。
Faith moves mountains. 精诚所至,金石为开。
Fact is stranger than fiction. 大千世界,无奇不有。{中文谚语}.
Fire proves gold, adversity proves man. 烈火识真金,逆境识英雄。
Fire and water are good servants, but bad masters.水能载舟,亦能覆舟。 G
Give everyone his due. 一视同仁。
Good (or Great) wits jump. 英雄所见略同。
Go while the going is good. 三十六计,走为上计。
Great weights hang on small wires.千钧一发。
Good wine needs no bush 酒香不怕巷子深。
Greatest genius often lies concealed.大智若愚。
Grasp all, lose all.贪多必失。
Go to the sea, if you would fish well.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
H
Honour to whom honour is due.论功行赏。
He travels the fastest who travels alone. 曲高和寡。
Heaven helps those who help themselves. 求人不如求己。
He sits no sure that sits too high. 高处不胜寒。
He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad. 欲加之罪,何患无词。 He who laughs at crooked men should need walk very straight. 正人先正己。 He who would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom. 千里之行,始于足下 He that respects not is not respected. 欲受人敬,要先敬人。
It is a silly fish that is caught twice with the same bait. 智者不上两次当
Humility often gains more than pride.满招损,谦受益。
He is eloquent enough for whom truth speaks.事实胜于雄辩。
He that promises too much means nothing. 轻诺者寡信。
He who would hang his dog gives out first that it is mad. 欲加之罪,何患无词。 Hard words break no bones. 忠言逆耳利于行。
Haste makes waste. 忙乱易错。欲速则不达。
He that runs fastest gets the ring. 捷足先登。
I
It is six of one and half a dozen of the other. 彼此彼此。
If one sheep leaps over the ditch, all the rest will follow. 榜样的力量是无穷的。 It is a poor mouse that has only one hole. 狡兔三窟。
Ill news never comes too late. 好事不出门,坏事传千里。
It is the first step that is troublesome. 万事开头难。
J
Justice has long arms. 天网恢恢,疏而不漏。
K
Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is key to it. 实践得真知。
Keeping is harder than winning. 创业不易,守业更难。
Knowledge is no burden. 艺不压身。
Kiss and be friends. 握手言和。
Kill two birds with one stone. 一箭双雕
L
Let's cross the bridge when we come to it.既来之,则安之。
Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。
Little chips light great fires. 星星之火,可以燎原。
Like knows like. 惺惺相惜。
Live and learn. 学无止境。
M
Merry meet, merry part. 好聚好散。
Mind acts upon mind. 心有灵犀一点通。
N
Nothing comes wrong to a hungry man.饥不择食
No cross, no crown.不吃苦中苦,难为人上人。
Nothing is easier than fault-finding. 站着说话不腰痛。
No weal without woe. 福兮祸所伏, 祸兮福所倚。
No work, no money. 不劳无获。
Never too late (or old) to learn. 活到老,学到老。
Never judge by appearances. 切莫以貌取人。
No fire without smoke. 无风不起浪。
O
One cloud is enough to eclipse all the sun.一叶障目,不见泰山。
One swallow does not make a summer.一花独放不是春。
One can not be in two places at once. 一心不可二用。
Obedience is the first duty of a soldier. 服从是军人的天职。
One lark does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春。
P
Practice is better than precept. 身教重于言教。
Poverty is stranger to industry. 勤劳之人不受穷。
R
Riches have wings. 富贵无常。
S
Score twice before you cut once. 三思而后行。
Sense comes with age. 老马识途。
So the world wags. 这就是人生。
So said, so done. 说到做到。言出必行。
Self-confidence is the first requisite to great undertakings. 要成大业,自信第一。 T
Talk of the devil and he will appear. 说曹操,曹操就到。
Tall trees catch much wind. 树大招风 。
The reasons of the poor weight not. 人微言轻。
The shortest way round is the longest way home.欲速则不达。
Those are in the same boat should row together.同舟共济。
Too much pudding will choke a dog.布丁太多噎死狗。
The heart's letter is read in the eyes.眼睛是心灵的窗户。
The deed proves the man.观其行而知其人。
True gold fears not the fire.真金不怕火炼。
Take time while time is, for time will away.机不可失,时不在来。
The battle is to the strong.两强相遇勇者胜。
The heart is seen in wine. 酒后吐真言。
The best of friends must part. 天下没有不散的宴席。
Time is money. 时间就是金钱
Through obedience learn to command. 先当学生,后当先生。
Time tries all things. 时间检验一切。
There is no fire without smoke. 无风不起浪。
U
Unpleasant advice is a good medicine. 忠言逆耳利于行。
W
Wealth is nothing without health. 健康胜于财富。
We begun is half done. 良好的开端等于成功的一半。
Work makes the workman.熟能生巧。
Y
You cannot have your cake and eat it. 有得就有失。事难两全其美。
Youth's a stuff will not endure. 青春易逝。
You are never too old to learn. 活到老学到老。
You never know till you have tired.事非经过不知难。
Z
Zeal without knowledge is fire without light. 热情而无知,犹如无光之火 Zeal without kowledge is the sister of folly. 无知的热情近乎愚蠢
常见中文俗语谚语英译技巧
常见中文俗语谚语英译技巧
1. 人山人海:在诗词用语(poetic expression)里,老外也有使用:“a (the) sea of faces”,颇有咱的“人山人海”的味道。例如:Looking out upon the sea of faces, Mr. A delivered a touching speech.(望着一片人山人海的听众,A先生发表一篇动人的演说。)Standing at his podium, President Clinton saw a sea of faces waving at him.(克林顿总统站在讲台上看到人山人海的人群挥手向他致意。)。可见,说话者通常要在台上或高处,才有“人海”的感觉。因此,可以说:“I saw a sea of faces from the top of the building. ”但在平地的人群中,就不说:“I saw the sea of faces.”也不说:“There is a sea of faces.”只说:“I saw a large crowd of people.”
2、家家有本难念的经:有人译成:“Every family cooking - pot has a black spot.”(意思是:每个家庭的锅子都有黑色的污点。)这样说法,老外恐怕不能充分了解。不过老外最常的说法是:“Many families have skeletons in the closet.(许多家庭的衣柜里都有骨骸,骨骸就是指家丑。)”;或者说:“Every family has its own source of shame.(每个家庭都有自己的丑事)”;说白些,就是:“Every family has its own problem.”
3、天下无不散的宴席:有人直译为:“There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.”老外听后,也许很难体会其中意义。如果按照美语说法,也许更易理解:“All good things come to an end.(意思是:所有好的事情,总有结束的一天。)”;假如是指好友最后也有分别的一天,那么可以说:“Eventually, all bosom friends will drift apart.(bosom friend是指知心的好友)”
4、平时不烧香,临时抱佛脚:有人照字直译为:“When times are easy, we do not burn the incense,but when the trouble comes, we embrace the feet of the uddha.”这种说法,老外也会一知半解。美语里一般说法是:“Worship God every day; not just in times of adversity.(要每天敬拜神,不是只在困难时。)”;对学生也可以说:“If you study hard every day, exams will not seem overwhelming.(如果你每天用功,考试就不会形成压力。)”
5、挂羊头,卖狗肉:有人照字直译为:“He advertises mutton, but sells dog's flesh.”或“He hangs up a sheep's head at the shopfront and sells dog meat.”这两种译法,恐怕老外都难理解,尤其谈到“狗肉”,他们更会反感,因为狗是他们最爱的宠物,不过老外倒有相近的说法:“He applied bait-and-switch factics in business.(他经商的策略是先引诱顾客来,再改变货物的品质。)”,“Bait-and-switch”当名词用,也可不用连字号“This store uses bait and switch policy.”或者简单的说:“Let the buyer be aware!(让消费者提高警觉)”或“Say one thing and do another.”
6、一言既出,驷马难追:有人译成:“One word lets slip and four horses will fail to catch it. 或 A statement that once let loose cannot be caught by four galloping horses.”这两种说法,中文味道嫌重,老外未必理解。不过他们倒有类似的说法:“A word once let go cannot be recalled.”或者说:“ You can not take back what you have said.(你说出的话,就不能再收回来。)”
7、祸从口出,言多必失:有人译为:“The mouth is the gate of misfortune and evil.”老外听了,恐怕不能完全理解。最好说成:“Careless talk leads to trouble.(不小心说话,会带来麻烦)或“The less said the better.(说的愈少愈好)”甚至也可以说:“Shut the mouth and open the eyes.(闭嘴少说,张眼多看。)”
汉语俗语
俗语,也称常言,俗话,这三者应该是同义词。俗语一词,已经普遍用作语言学的术语;常言一词,带有文言的色彩;俗话一词,则有口语的气息。 有的文章中偶尔也把俗语称作成语。俗语和成语都是汉语中的约定俗成的语言形式,二者关系密切。“约定俗成”这一成语,就包含着俗、成二字。但从学习的角度来看,它们还是各有特点的。试比较下列例句: 甲、大鱼吃小鱼,小鱼吃虾米 乙、弱肉强食 甲、多年的老歪树,直不起来了 乙、积重难返 甲、后长的牛角,比先长的耳朵长 乙、后来居上 甲、捡了芝麻,丢掉西瓜 乙、因小失大 甲、你走你的阳关道;我过我的独木桥 乙、分道扬镳 甲、前怕狼,后怕虎 乙、畏首畏尾 甲、打破砂锅问到底 乙、刨根问底 甲、王八看绿豆,对上眼儿 乙、一见锺情 以上各组例句,甲、乙意思相同,甲为俗语,乙为成语。俗语以形象为主体;成语以精练为特色。俗语多为完整的句子,长短不一,运用时可以变通;成语多为四个字的稳定结构,形式整齐。俗语流行于人民群众的口头上,文字上保持着通俗的特点;成语多用作书面语,文字上趋向典雅。从这一比较中,可以从主要方面作出界定:俗语是以形象为主体的通俗的口语,它的结构形式相对稳定,而在实际运用中可以灵活变通。 这是俗语的主要内涵,就外延来说,它跟成语难免有交错的情况。俗语虽然以形象为主体,但也不排除精练;成语虽然以精练为特色,但也不排除形象。成语虽然绝大多数是四字结构,但也有一些是由四个以上的字组成的;俗语句式虽然长短不齐,但也有少量是由四个字组成的。俗语虽然多为口语,但已广泛进入文学作品,甚至哲学、科技图书中也经常用到;而随着人们教育水准的提高,成语在口语中也经常使用。这样,俗语跟成语,就可能互相渗透,存在着交错现象。如: ①城门失火,殃及池鱼(形象,八个字,成语→俗语) ②三天打鱼,两天晒网(形象,八个字,成语→俗语) ③雪上加霜(形象,四字,俗语→成语) ④习惯成自然(精练,五字,俗语→成语) ⑤不敢越雷池一步(形象,精练,七字,俗语← →成语) 俗语是口语型的,成语是书面语型的。这些语例,兼有俗语和成语的某些特点,看来俗语辞典、成语辞典都可以收录,好在这种情况并不算多。 俗语和成语,有时候也可能互相转化,并同时存在。例如: ①板凳没焐热← →席不暇暖 ②打老鼠又怕碰破玉瓶儿← →投鼠忌器 ③火烧眉毛顾眼前← →燃眉之急 ④鸡蛋碰石头← →以卵击石 ⑤鸡飞蛋打一场空← →鸡飞蛋打 ⑥拉完磨杀驴← →卸磨杀驴⑦鲁班门前弄大斧← →班门弄斧 ⑧没喝过墨水← →胸无点墨 ⑨怕噎了嗓子不吃饭← →因噎废食 ⑩什么病吃什么药← →对症下药 ○11一网打尽满河鱼← → 一网打尽 俗语语句结构如果趋向整齐,就有可能转化为成语;成语如果增加形象化的成分,就有可能转化为俗语。俗语转化为成语,仍然可以保持它的形象性;成语转化为俗语,如果缺少形象,就要加以补充,往往转化为歇后语。(参见下文歇后语)俗语与成语,二者既有联系,又有区别。俗语有俗语的优点;成语有成语的长处。俗语使得描写生动活泼,成语使得论述铿锵有力,都值得很好学习。 二,谚语和格言 有些图书把俗语、谚语并称为俗谚,把它们汇编在一起。汇编在一起是可以理解的,但二者并不相等。谚语只是俗语的一部分,它是一些总结知识经验,寓有思想意义的俗语。如: ①白酒红人面,黄金黑世心 ②不听老人言,吃亏在眼前 ③国家的事再小也是大的,个人的事再大也是小的 ④火车跑得快,全靠车头带 ⑤江山易改,本性难移 ⑥金子碎了分量在 ⑦靠山山倒,靠水水流 ⑧留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 ⑨墨是可以磨浓的 ⑩男人有钱就变坏;女人变坏就有钱 ○11人心齐,泰山移 ○12咬人的狗是不露牙的 ○13只要功夫深,铁尺磨成针 格言也总结知识经验,寓有思想意义。但仔细区分,仍稍有不同。格言所总结的知识经验主要是社会方面的,多属逻辑思维,是哲理性的语句,常出自名人名著;而谚语总结的知识经验不限于社会方面,也包括自然科学、生产实践(如农谚),它出自人民群众之口,多属形象思维,是文学性的语言。这种区别,应该把格言归入书面语一类,把谚语归入口语一类。但是,也难免有交错的情况。 甲,满招损,谦受益(书面语)
乙,虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后(口语) 甲,有志者事竟成(书面语) 乙,天下无难事,只怕有心人(口语) 甲,先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐(书面语) 乙,吃苦在前,享乐在后(口语) 以上三组,严格地说,甲为格言,乙为谚语。但是,由于人们教育水准的提高,这些带有文言色彩的格言也进入了口语。我们只能尽可能地加以区分,而不得不承认,实际上存在一些交错现象 俗语中一部分为谚语,另一部分是描述性的语句,它们并没有总结知识经验,而只是表述一种情态。如: ①不认这壶酒钱 ②不知道哪头炕热 ③蝉曳残声过别枝 ④横挑鼻子竖挑眼 ⑤眉毛胡子一把抓 ⑥起大早,赶晚集 ⑦求爷爷,告奶奶 ⑧外国的月亮比中国的圆 ⑨摇头不算点头算 ⑩中看不中吃 ○11睁一只眼,闭一只眼 ○12走了穿红的,来了穿绿的 这一部分语句是描述性的,跟总结知识经验的谚语不同,而又无确定的术语,现在只是笼统地称为俗语,实在有必要把它跟谚语区别开来,给它一个确定的名称。 有的图书称之为“惯用语”,但所涉及的语言现象,却是“俚语”,如:背靠背、开夜车、乱弹琴、磨洋工、冤大头,等等。笔者以前在《俗语五千条》的前言中,曾用“熟语”来称呼描述性的俗语。熟语这一术语的定义,也不十分明确,有的辞典又把它当作高于俗语、成语的术语来使用,而它本身又跟“俗语”的读音近似,某些方言区甚至就是同音词,作为术语,自身有不足之处。再三斟酌,觉得不如用“俚语”来代替。 俚语,这个术语有时跟俗语相混,俚俗并称。这个“俚”,跟“乡里”之“里”有关,望文生义,也就是里人(乡下人)的意思。俚语常指带有方言色彩的土语。既然它有时跟俗语相混,而“惯用语”实际上又多指俚语,不如就借用“俚语”一词,来专指这些描述性的俗语。 四,歇后语、俏皮话 歇后语、俏皮话,基本上是同义词。歇后语是语言学上的术语,俏皮话是口头上的称呼。歇后语形式上是半截话(前半为形象或事例,后半为解释、说明),实际上是要把话说得更形象些,更具体些。因此,歇后语应该包括在俗语之内。不过,歇后语中的形象常常是漫画式的,带有戏谑调侃的色彩。它用种种修辞手段,对字、词、语、句(包括俗语本身)加以修饰,使之生动活泼。因而跟谚语、描述性俗语(改称俚语),又有些不同。如: ①水仙不开花,装蒜(修饰词) ②猫哭耗子,假慈悲(修饰词组) ③大水冲了龙王庙,自己人不认自己人(修饰句子) ④木匠戴枷,自作自受(修饰成语) ⑤张飞穿针,大眼瞪小眼(修饰俗语本身) 有些成语,为了增强形象性,往往会转化成歇后语。 ①擀面杖吹火,一窍不通 ②金弹子打鸟,得不偿失 ③绿绸缎上绣牡丹,锦上添花 ④磨道里走路,没头没尾 ⑤螃蟹过河,七手八脚 ⑥十五个吊桶打水,七上八下 ⑦屎壳郎变知了,一步登天 ⑧小葱拌豆腐,一清二白 ⑨阎王爷出告示,鬼话连篇 歇后语良莠不齐,有些歇后语内容和形象,均不见佳,有一部分,甚至是语言垃圾,不宜滥用。有些常用的歇后语,形象较好,前后结合得比较紧密,已经跟谚语、描述性的俗语(俚语)近似。如: ①黄鼠狼看鸡,越看越稀(前为形象,后为解释,经验之谈→谚语) ②竹篮子打水,一场空(前为形象,后为解释,描述性俗语→俚语) ③芝麻开花,节节高(前为形象,后为解释,描述性俗语→俚语) 综上所述,谚语,俚语(描述性的俗语),歇后语,这三部分构成俗语的整体。俗语属于口语型的语句,与书面语型的成语、格言有所区别,它们是汉语的口语和书面语的两大系统。 谚语是在人民群众中广泛流传的固定语句,是人民群众在长期生活实践中总结出来的经验和教训的结晶。谚语虽然简单通俗,但反映的道理却非常深刻。 歇后语 歇后语,是我们中国人特有的智慧与趣味语言,也是民间爱用的一种语法。 歇后语是广大人民在生活实践中创造的一种特殊语言形式。它一般由
两个部分构成,前半截是形象的比喻,象谜面,后半截是解释、说明,象谜底,十分自然贴切。 例如: 一个巴掌打不响 -- <孤掌难鸣>; 懒婆娘的裹脚 -- <又长又臭>。 在一般的语言中。通常只要说出前半截,"歇"去后半截,就可以领会和猜出它的本意,所以称它为歇后语。 最早出现"歇后"这一名称的是在唐代。《旧唐书。郑綮列传》中就已提到过有所谓"郑五歇后体"(一种"歇后"体诗)。但它作为一种语言形式和语言表现,远在先秦时期就已出现了。如《战国策。楚策四》:"亡羊而补牢,未为迟也。"意思是说,失了羊再去修补羊圈,还不算太晚。这是我们今天所看到的最早的歇后语。 我们有理由认为,这是当时流行在民间的俗语,是出于一般人民的生活经验。这类古代的歇后语,虽然很少见于文字记载,但在民间流传相信是不少的。如钱大昕《恒言录》所载:"千里寄鹅毛,物轻人意重,复斋所载宋时谚也。"这类歇后语,直到今天还继续为人们所使用。 在研究歇后语的渊源时,有些语言学家和语言学专著还述及其它有关名称。如陈望道在《修辞学发凡》中,将歇后语列入"藏词"格一节介绍;郭绍虞在《谚语的研究》中,指出歇后语源起于"射覆语"(类似猜谜的一种形式);另外一些书上又列出诸如"隐语"、"谜语"、"谚语"、"缩脚语"、"俏皮话"等名称。加以比较,大都揭示出其中一些共同之处和相异之点。关于歇后语的分类,向无定说。何况还有不少歇后语,一身兼有几种性质,要划分得十分科学,是比较困难的。为了便于查阅,我们将歇后语条目中凡带有谐音字的归入一类,其余的按照比喻部分的性质分为三类。 第一,谐音类。如: 空棺材出葬 - <目(木)中无人> 小葱拌豆腐 - <一清(青)二白> 这类歇后语,是利用同音字或近音字相谐,由原来的意义引申出所需要的另一个意义。这类歇后语,往往要转几个弯,才能领悟它的意思。因而也更饶有兴味。 第二,喻事类。如: 弄堂里搬木头 - <直来直去> 冷水发面 - <没多大长劲> 这类歇后语,是用实在的或想象的事情作比方。如果对设比事情的特点、情状有所了解,也自然能领悟后半截的"谜底"。 第三,喻物类。如: 秋后的蚂蚁 - <蹦达不了几天> 棋盘里的卒子 - <只能进不能退> 这类歇后语,则是用某种或某些物件作比方。了解设比物的性质,也就能领悟它的意思。 第四,故事类。如 楚霸王举鼎 - <力大无穷> 曹操吃鸡肋 - <食之无味,弃之可惜> 这类歇后语,一般是引用常见的典故、寓言和神话传说等作比方。上述两例,只要知道项羽、曹操故事的,一般也能了然。 遇有交叉兼类情况的,则归入其特点更为明显的一类。如 纸糊的琵琶 - <谈(弹)不得> 这一歇后语兼喻物、谐音,现归入谐音类。 歇后语具有鲜明的民族特色,浓郁的生活气息,幽默风趣,耐人寻味,为广大群众所喜闻乐见。
谚语中文版对话
谚语中文版对话
M:你在看什么书呢?阿努的.
X:我在看阿拉伯通史。
M:很好呢,开卷有益。
X:开卷有益是什么意思啊?
M:开卷有益就是说当你阅读的时候,无论是哪种书籍,你都可以获得知识,开拓眼界。你为什么读书咯?
X:我不想成为一个四肢发达头脑简单的人,所以我要通过读书去陶冶我的情操,磨练我的头脑,让我的心灵敏锐。
M:额,四肢发达,头脑简单的意思是什么呢?
X:它的意思是说一个人长得很健壮,但他的思维很简单,懂得的东西很少。
M:噢,我明白了,就像张飞。他非常强壮,但跟张飞谈论历史或者文学就是对牛弹琴,他对于知识一点兴趣也没有。
X:的确,如果我们关于某一方面的知识毫无了解,当别人跟我们谈论起这方面的知识时,那就是对牛弹琴了。
M:所以,我们要坚持每天都了解一些热点问题与及阅读一下书籍,以做到积少成多,以丰富我们的各方面的知识。
X:积少成多,是说年复一年之后,小河流就可以变成大海吗? M:是的呢,当我们拥有许多知识的时候,我们就可以利用这些知识去解决很多问题了。
X:对的,我们要谦虚待人,学习别人身上的长处。现在有些人
很是骄傲,以为他们自己知识渊博。
M:这些人认为他们可以解决任何问题,但在很多场合下,他们却是以卵击石。
X:以卵击石?你的意思是说当遇到困难的时候他们敢于挑战吗?
M:不不不,我的意思是说,那些人想解决很多问题,但实际上,他们没有能力去解决。
X:我明白了。光阴似箭啊,时间过得真快,现在我要去图书馆学习了。
M:是啊,我也要去读课文了。
X:哪再见吧。
M:再见。
A bad thing never dies. 好人不长寿,祸害遗千年。
A bad workman always blames his tools. 笨工匠总是怪工具差。
A baited cat may grow as fierce as a lion. 人急悬梁,狗急跳墙。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 两鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
A bully is always a coward. 欺负弱小者永远是懦夫。
A burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命;吉人自有天相。
A cat may look at a king. 小人物也有些权利。
A clear conscience can bear any trouble. 平时不做亏心事,夜半敲门心不惊。
A cook is bold on his own dunghill. 狗仗人势。
A constant guest is never welcome. 常客难受欢迎。
A contented mind is a perpetual feast. 知足常乐。
A cracked bell can never sound well. 狗嘴里长不出象牙来。
A crooked stick will have a crooked shadow. 上梁不正下梁歪。
A deceitful peace is more hurtful than an open war. 明枪易躲,暗箭难防。
A door must be either shut or open. 门非关即开;二者择其一。
A drowning man will clutch at a straw. 溺水之人不放过一根稻草;病急乱投医。
A dwarf on a giant's shoulders sees the farther of the two. 巨人肩上的侏儒看得远;借重他人的经验好处多。
A fault confessed is half redressed. 知错能改,善莫大焉。
A fool and his money are soon parted. 笨人难聚财。
A fool's mouth is his destruction. 祸从口出。
A forced kindness deserves no thanks. 勉强的善行不值得感谢。
A fox may grow grey but never good. 江山易改,本性难移。
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
A full purse never lacks friend. 有钱有酒,必有朋友。
A golden key opens every door. 钱能通神。
A good husband makes a good wife. 夫善则妻贤。
A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。
A good name is sooner lost than won. 美誉易失难得。
A good tale is none the worse for being told twice. 动人的故事令人百听不厌。
A hedge between keeps friendship green. 君子之交淡如水。
A honey tongue, a heart of gall. 嘴甜如蜜,心黑如漆。
A house divided against itself cannot stand. 不和之家难长存。
A Jack of all trades is master of none. 样样皆通者样样不精。
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 万丈高楼平地起。
A lazy youth, a lousy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。{中文谚语}.
A leopard cannot change his spots. 江山易改,本性难移。
A liar is not believed when he tells the truth. 常说谎话的人就算是说真话也没人信。
A lion may come to be beholden to a mouse. 强者亦有求助于弱者的时候。
A little fire burns up a great deal of corn. 星星之火可以燎原。
A little gall spoils a great deal of honey. 一粒老鼠屎,坏了一锅粥。
A little leak will sink a great ship. 牵一发而动全身。
A little learning is a dangerous thing. 一知半解最危险。
A little neglect may breed great mischief. 一失足成千古恨,再回首已百年身。
A man apt to promise is apt to forget. 轻诺者,信必寡。
A man cannot spin and reel at the same time. 一心不可二用。
A man without a smiling face must not open a shop. 和气生财。
A miss is as good as a mile. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。
A near neighbor is better than a distant cousin. 远亲不如近邻。
A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。
A slow fire makes sweet malt. 慢工出细活。
A sound mind in a sound body. 有健全的身体,才有健全的心智。
A still tongue makes a wise head. 寡言为智。
A stitch in time saves nine. 及时行事,事半功倍。
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. 美的事物是永恒的喜悦。
A word is enough to the wise. 聪明人一点就通。
A word spoken is past recalling. 一言既出,四马难追。
A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
A-day-old puppy doesn't know to be afraid of the tiger. 初生之犊不畏虎。
Able men are always busy. 能者多劳。
Absence makes the heart grow fonder. 小别塍新婚。
Accidents will happen in the best-regulated families. 家规再严也难免会出问题。
According to your purse govern your mouth. 量入为出。
Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于空谈。
Advice when most needed is least heeded. 忠言逆耳。
After a storm comes a calm. 雨过天晴;否极泰来;苦尽甘来。
All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 狗所吠之人未必皆为贼;勿以貌取人。
All cats are grey in the dark. 所有的猫在黑暗中皆为灰色;美貌是不重要的。
All good things come to an end. 天下无不散的筵席。
All is vanity. 四大皆空。
All lay loads