toefl综合写作范文

toefl综合写作范文篇一

新托福综合写作范文详解

智课网TOEFL备考资料

新托福综合写作范文详解

摘要： 新托福综合写作范文详解，在新托福综合写作中，有的同学语言使用的能力还有一定局限，还要刻意追求句式的复杂化，但这样的后果就是写出来的句子个个都有错，个个都有表达不清。其实用最好的词表达最多的内容才是最厉害的写作方式，本文小编为大家整理了一篇新托福综合写作范文

阅读材料：

The United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as Britain) has a long and rich history of human settlement. Traces of buildings, tools, and art can be found from periods going back many thousands of years: from the Stone Age, through the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, the time of the Roman colonization, the Middle Ages, up to the beginnings of the industrial age. Yet from most of the twentieth century, the science of archaeology – dedicated to uncovering and studying old cultural artifacts – was faced with serious problems and limitations in Britain.

英国(有的时候被称为不列颠)在人类居住建筑方面有久远丰富的历史。建筑、建筑工具以及建筑艺术的遗迹的历史可以追溯到数千年。从石器时代开始，历经青铜时代、铁器时代、罗马殖民时代、中世纪，一直到工业时代的初期。但是在20世纪的大部分时间里的英国，致力于挖掘和研究古代文化遗迹的考古学面临着严峻的问题和局限性。

First, many valuable artifacts were lost to construction projects. The growth of Britain’s population, especially from the 1950s on, spurred a lot of new construction in British cities, towns, and villages. While digging foundations for new buildings, the builders often uncovered archaeologically valuable sites. Usually, however, they proceeded with the construction and did not preserve the artifacts. Many archaeologically precious artifacts were therefore destroyed.

首先，建筑工程破坏了很多有价值的估计。从1950年以来愈加明显的人口增加导致了英国建筑业的迅猛发展，无论是在城市、乡镇还是村庄。在给新建筑打地基的时候，建筑者常常会挖掘到一些有价值的文物遗迹。然而，常常建筑工人会继续进行工作，而不是保护这些文物。很多很多珍贵的考古文物就因此遭到了破坏。

Second, many archaeologists felt that the financial support for archaeological research are inadequate. For most of the twentieth century, archaeology was funded mostly through government funds and grants, which allowed

archaeologists to investigate a handful of the most important sites but which left hundreds of other interesting projects without support. Furthermore, changing government priorities brought about periodic reductions in funding.

第二，很多考古学家都感觉到考古学研究的经费不足。在二十世纪的大部分时间里，考古的经费大多来自于政府的基金和拨款。经费的不足导致考古学家只能研究很少了的最重要的遗迹，而数以千计的其他有意义的项目都缺乏经费。而且，政府预算优先权的改变也导致了经费的周期性减少。

Third, it was difficult to have a career in archaeology. Archaeology jobs were to be found at universities or with a few government agencies, but there were never many positions available. Many people who wanted to become

archaeologists ended up pursuing other careers and contributing to archaeological research only as unpaid amateurs.

第三，考古事业难以为继。只有在大学和很少数的政府部门才能找到考古学相关的工作。但是职位总是供不应求。很多想成为考古学家的人都放弃了，选择了其他的领域，仅仅把考古学研究当做一个没有收益的业余爱好。

阅读部分需要提取的观点是：

- Main point: 英国考古学的发展面临着严峻的问题和局限性

- Sub point 1: 建筑工程破坏考古遗迹

- Sub point 2: 考公项目缺乏资金支持

- Sub point 3: 考古学家的考古事业发展困难

听力材料：

In 1990, new rules and guidelines were adopted in the United Kingdom that has changed the whole field of

Archaeology in that country. The new guidelines improved the situation in all there areas discussed in the passage.

在1990年，英国颁布了新的法规和指南，从而改变了英国整过考古学领域。新的指南改善了阅读部分提到的所有领域出现的问题。

First, the new guidelines state that before any construction project can start, the construction site has to be

examined by archaeologists to see whether the site is of archaeological interest or value. If the site is of archaeological interest, the next step is for the builders, archaeologists and local government officials to get together and make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts, either by building around them or by excavating and documenting them properly before the construction is allowed to proceed.

首先，新的指南要求所有建筑工程开工之前都要经由考古学家检查以确定该地是否有考古价值的遗迹。如果有考古价值，那么下一步就是建筑者、考古学家和当地政府的联合行都了。他们要在一起制定一个保护考古遗迹的计划。要么在周围的地方建房子，要么在开工之前把文物妥善地挖掘保存起来。

Second, an important part of the new guidelines is a rule that any archaeological work done on the construction site will be paid for by the construction company not by the government. The construction company has to pay for the initial examination of the site, and then for all the work carried out under the preservation plan. This is a whole new source of financial support. The funding from construction companies has allowed researchers to study a far greater range of archaeological sites than they could in the past.

第二，新指南很重要的一部分就是规定对于建筑工地的考古学检查的费用由建筑公司而不是政府支付。建筑公司要为工地最初的检查付费，同时随之而来的全部保存计划都由建筑公司付费。这是一个全新的资金来源。来自建筑公司的资金保证研究人员可以进行逼以往更为深入的考古研究。

Last, the new guidelines provide a lot of paid work for archaeologists, work that didn’t exist before. Expert

archaeologists are now hired at all stages of the process to examine the site for archaeological value, then to help draw up the preservation plan to do the research in a professional scientific manner and finally to process the date and write reports and articles. The increased job and career opportunities in Archaeology have increased the number of professional archaeologists in Britain, which is now the highest it’s ever been.

最后，新的指南为考古学家提供了很多新的就业机会，而这在以前是不可能的。整过的考古研究过程都需要

雇佣考古专家。从检查地基的考古学价值，然后帮助制定符合专业科学研究的保护机会，到最后处理数据、撰写报告和文章，这些都需要考古学家。增加的考古类工作岗位和事业发展机会使得现在英国有了更多的专业考古学家，而这是有史以来最多的时候。

听力部分需要提取的观点是：

- Main point: 阅读中提到的所有问题都可以通过新的法规和指南加以解决

- Sub point 1: 开工之前让考古学家进行检查，可以避免建筑工程破坏考古遗迹

- Sub point 2: 考古费用由建筑公司承担

- Sub point 3: 整个考古过程会提供很多新的工作机会

新 托福 综合写作对语言的要求是清晰表达，准确转述即可(其实独立写作的要求也类似)。没有必要一味地追求语言的华丽，把话说清楚最重要。

相关推荐:

托福满分作文之电视与感情

托福写作素材之环境

新托福独立写作思路该如何培养

相关字搜索： 托福{toefl综合写作范文}.

toefl综合写作范文篇二

新托福综合写作模板

总结听力材料summarize the lecture:

The speaker talks about

The lecture discusses/is mainly discussing

The professor made the point that

引出要点introduce key points:

First/second/third

First/then/another point is that

Or express the key point directly in a topic sentence.

引出例子introduce examples or reasons:

For example (instance)/one example is/such as/that is

增加例子add examples or reasons:

Next/Furthermore/another example is/in addition

对比观点Shw contrast between ideas:

However/In contrast/on the contrary/on the other hand/but

精彩opening:

1) The lecture discusses…which differs from the main idea in the reading that…{toefl综合写作范文}.

2) The professor made the point that…. The reading does not discuss this point.

Another important point is that…, but the reading does not discuss the point.

Finally, the Professor stated that….

In general, the Professor discusses problems of…that the reading does not include.

3) According to the lecture, ….On the other hand/while the reading stated that…

The professor made the point that…. On the contrary/however/in contrast, the writer demonstrated an idea that…

The lecture supports/illustrates the idea that…

The lecture contradicts/refutes/is in contrary to/is the opposite of the idea that…

对材料的指称：

The speaker/lecturer/professor/listening material/lecture{toefl综合写作范文}.

The writer/narrator/reading material/writing

八、总体写作模式

Paragraph 1 first key point from the lecture

Examples from the lecture

Explanation or connection to the reading

Paragraph 2 second key point from the lecture

Examples from the lecture

Explanation or connection to the reading

Paragraph 3 third key point from the lecture

Examples from the lecture

Explanation or connection to the reading

示例模板：

The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.

First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lectures totally disagree with the view made in the reading.

Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.

Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees with the point that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.

So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.

综合写作模板

1. in the lecture, the professor made several points about ...... .the professor argues that..... However, the reading passage contends that ......The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a number of point that are contrary to....

2. the first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that....According to the professor...... .....differs from the reading in that the reading states.....The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading becasue....

3. Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is....The professor claims that.....However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by.....

4. Finally,the professor stated that ,on the contrary of reading,......In other words,.....This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates,because.....

然后反驳的单词，differ from ,disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with,

challenge

5. In the lecture, the professor made several points about...The lecture argues that.....The points made by the professor agree with .....In fact, the examples used by the professor support...

6.In the lecture, the professor made several points about...The lecture argues that.....The points made by the professor agree with .....In fact, the examples used by the professor support...

7. Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that....

The professor claims that.....This point agrees with the reading ,which contends that.....

8.Finally, the professor states that ,in support of the reading,.....Specifically,.....This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicats because

support的单词有：enhance, uphold, corrobo,to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance,

The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________

by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.

First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagree with the view made in the reading.

Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.

Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.

So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the

reading.

IBT托福万能写作模板。

一．Integrated writing ( 结合写作)

第一篇作文 叫做Integrated writing ( 结合写作)， 给考生3分钟读一篇文章（大概200字左右），然后听一段关于对此文章的评论，结束后让考生写出150-225字的作文（只能打字），典型的问法是：Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard,

explaining how they cast doubt on point made in the reading. 听力结束后，阅读部分会再次出现并保留在电脑屏幕的左半部分，考生便可以开始写作。此文的评分标准有2条: 1. 要点分 2. 语言分

要写好此篇作文关键有以下几点：

1.考生必须从根本上掌握英语八股文的结构。阅读时，考生必须按照八股文结构，记下这些points和support points 的details.

2.听力时，考生要记下说话者是如何反对这些Points的。注意的是说话者的反对顺序不一定按照阅读文章的演进顺序进行。

如果points 没有漏掉，接下来的关键就是考生如何表达说话者和阅读内容的关系了。 以下是作者参加新托福考试时关于smart cars写作使用的模块，提供给大家参改。

The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by

_________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.

First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagree with the view made in the reading.

Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.

Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.

So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.

toefl综合写作范文篇三

新托福综合写作范文TPO8详细解析

智课网TOEFL备考资料{toefl综合写作范文}.

新托福综合写作范文TPO8详细解析

在新托福综合写作中，有的同学语言使用的能力还有一定局限，还要刻意追求句式的复杂化，但这样的后果就是写出来的句子个个都有错，个个都有表达不清。其实用最好的词表达最多的内容才是最厉害的写作方式，本文小编为大家整理了一篇新托福综合写作范文。

贾科莫·卡萨诺瓦(Giacomo Girolamo Casanova，1725年4月2日-1798年6月4日)，极富传奇色彩的意大利冒险家、作家、“追寻女色的风流才子”。18世纪享誉欧洲的大情圣。生于意大利威尼斯，卒于波希米亚的达克斯(现捷克杜克卓夫)。卡萨诺瓦一生中最为重要的作品当属其穷尽晚年精力的创作《我的一生》(Histoire de ma vie)，这部法语写成的自传式小说讲述了卡萨诺瓦一生中的故事。(来自百度百科)

这个人跟今天的题目有什么关系呢?卡萨诺瓦喜欢被人称为塞恩加尔骑士，就是文中的Chevalier de Seingalt。

阅读材料：

Toward the end of his life, the Chevalier de Seingalt (1725-1798) wrote a long memoir recounting his life and

adventures. The Chevalier was a somewhat controversial figure, but since he met many famous people, including kings and writers, his memoir has become a valuable historical source about European society in the eighteenth century. However, some critics have raised doubts about the accuracy of the memoir. They claim that the Chevalier distorted or invented many events in the memoir to make his life seem more exciting and glamorous than it really was.

塞恩加尔骑士在晚年写了一部长篇回忆录以描写他冒险的一生。骑士先生是一个充满争议的人物。但是由于他同很多包括国王和作家在内的很多名人都有交集，所以他的这本回忆录对于研究十八世纪欧洲历史有一定价值。然而，一些评论家对这本回忆的准确性提出了质疑。他们认为骑士先生为了让他的一生显得更富有传奇性，他虚构和编撰了很多事件。

For example, in his memoir the Chevalier claims that while living in Switzerland, ha was very wealthy, and it is known that he spent a great deal of money there on parties on gambling. However, evidence has recently surfaced that the Chevalier borrowed considerable sums of money from a Swiss merchant. Critics thus argue that if the Chevalier had really been very rich, he would not have needed to borrow money.

比如说，骑士想生在回忆录中说当他在瑞士居住的时候是非常富有的，而且在各种派对和赌局上挥金如土。然而最近揭示的证据却表明当时骑士先生曾跟一个瑞士商人借了一大笔钱。批评家因此声称，如果骑士先生真的非常有钱，他就不会需要举债度日。

Critics are also skeptical about the accuracy of the conversations that the Chevalier records in the memoir between himself and the famous writer Voltaire. No one doubts that the Chevalier and Voltaire met and conversed. However, critics complain that the memoir cannot possibly capture these conversations accurately, because it was written many years after the conversations occurred. Critics point out that it is impossible to remember exact phrases from extended conversations held many years earlier.

同时，批评家们还对他跟著名作家伏尔泰之间过于精确的对话。骑士先生和伏尔泰曾经会面和交谈是确信无疑的。但是，批评家们回忆录是不可能把对话记录的这么精确的，因为这本回忆录是对话发生多年之后才写的。批评家们指出人是不可能记住话题广泛对话的具体用词的，尤其事情发生多年。

Critics have also questioned the memoir’s account of the Chevalier’s escape from a notorious prison in Venice, Italy. He claims to have escaped the Venetian prison by using a piece of metal to make a hole in the ceiling and climbing through the roof. Critics claim that while such a daring escape makes for enjoyable reading, it is more likely that the Chevaliers jailers were bribed to free him. They point out that the Chevalier had a number of politically well-connected friends in Venice who could have offered a bribe.

批评家还对回忆录中的一个细节提出了质疑，就是骑士先生对于自己从意大利威尼斯一个臭名昭著的监狱逃出的情节。骑士自己声场他是越狱逃出的，用一块铁片在天花板上弄出洞，然后从屋顶翻出来。批评家说尽管这种冒险的越狱行为让这本书更具有可读性，但是事实上是骑士先生通过贿赂狱卒的方式获得自由的。批评家们指出，骑士先生在威尼斯政界有不少朋友，而这些朋友可以帮他贿赂狱卒。

阅读部分需要提取的观点是：

- Main point: 塞恩加尔骑士的回忆录不够精确

- Sub point 1:回忆录声称自己很有钱，但是事实上不是

- Sub point 2:回忆录上对于他跟伏尔泰交谈记录得过于详细，不合常理

- Sub point 3:他声称自己在威尼斯越狱，但实际上他是政界朋友帮忙行贿才获得自由的

toefl综合写作范文篇四

非常好用的托福综合写作模板

考场上面通常我们脑子会很紧张很乱，很难在短时间之内想到好的综合写作的好的模板，包括转折句，开头结尾，递进等等之类的东西，这会耽误我们很多时间，更重要的是用平凡普通的词汇句子也会影响整体分数。以下这个模板是我在一边作文书上找到的，非常非常好用，大家可以选一篇机经里的综合写作试试看，制定出一个适合自己的模板，然后熟记，在考场上可以节省很多时间，同时，对字数和分数的提高也很有帮助。LZ就是靠这个模板在124的考试里在结尾没写完的情况下依旧writing部分28分，虽然没有牛到30分，但是对于上一次只有17分的我来说着实提高了很多。希望这个模板可以帮助正在努力攻克托福的你，good luck!

红色的字体是可以替换的部分。

The reading passage explores the issue of… The professor’s lecture deals with the same issue. However, he/she thinks that…, which contradicts what the reading states. And in the lecture, he/she uses three specific points to support his/her idea.

First, even though the reading passage suggests that…, the professor argues in the lecture that … This is because…, which means… Obviously, the professor’s argument disproves its counterpart in the reading.

Moreover, despite the statement in the reading that…, the professor contends that… Then he/she supports this point with the fact that… In other words,…

Finally, the professor asserts that… whereas the author of the reading claims that… The professor proves that this claim is indefensible by pointing out that…

In conclusion, the professor clearly identifies the weaknesses in the reading passage and convincingly shows that the central argument in the reading,… is incorrect.

分析：

第一段： The reading passage explores the issue of 此处转述总的讨论话题，例如090403的综合写作the reason why the Hohokam people from North America disappeared in X unexpectedly, 语法上需要填写名词， 名词短语或者how/what/whether/why引导的从句。The professor’s lecture deals with the same issue. However, he/she thinks that这里填入教授对这个话题的总的论述点，再次说090403的例子，那就是Hohokam人突然消失的原因是不可预见的。

第二段： First, even though the reading passage suggests that转述文章中的第一个论点，如果论点后面有解释或支持的句子也可以转述在这里。e professor argues in the lecture that听力材料中教授的第一个论点，This is because教授对这个论点的解释，which means对支持点的进一步描述，如果听的没有那么详细的话可以把前半句转述一下，就是换一种方式描述一下。

第四段： The professor proves that this claim is indefensible by

pointing out that教授的第三个论点的解释，如果听的详细的话肯定还可以延伸两句，如果实在没有的话也可以省略，字数到这里就已经差不多了。

替换词：

Explores: analyzes, examines, deals with, is concerned with, is about, focuses on, concentrates on, investigates

Issue: subject, topic

Professor: lecture, speaker, instructor, the presenter

Lecture: speech, talk, the listening passage, the presentation

Deals with: analyzes, examines, explores, is concerned with, is about, focuses on, concentrates on, investigates

However: But/Yet/Even so,/Despite that,

Thinks: believes, argues, asserts, claims, contends, maintains, insists, states, indicates

Contradicts: challenges, directly contradicts, clashes with, conflicts with, denies, opposes, is opposed to, runs counter to, is exactly the opposite of, is precisely the opposite of, make… seem weak, makes…seem incorrect, makes…seem dubious, makes…seem doubtful, raises doubts about, puts…in doubt, throws…into doubt States: 同thinks

Use three specific points: makes three specific points, uses ample

evidence, offers plenty of evidence, presents sufficient evidence, provides some compelling arguments, shows enough evidence/reveals three pieces of evidence

Support: confirm/back/back up/buttress/strengthen/bolster/advocate Idea: view, opinion, viewpoint, point of view, understanding, perspective, conception, notion, belief, position

First: first of all, to begin with, to start with, to start off with, in the first place

Even though: although, while, whereas

Because: due to(注意这个后面要跟名词而不是从句)

…which means…: …which suggests that…/and this means that…/--that is to say,…/in other words,/specifically. (用后面两个的话要注意断句，前面的一句应该改成句号)

Obviously: apparently, evidently, clearly(还有很多，但是这三个已经够大家换的了)

Disprove: 同contradict

Moreover: second,…/also,…/in the second place,…/…as well./…, too./further,…/furthermore,…/aside from…/apart from…/in addition to…/besides…

Contrary to: in opposition to, in sharp contrast to, in stark contrast to, in marked contrast to, in noticeable contrast to, despite, in spite of Contends: 同thinks

Finally: third,../lastly, …/ additionally,/in addition…

Asserts: 同thinks

Whereas: while/in contrast/even though/although

Proves: shows, confirm, verifies

Indefensible: very weak, specious, spurious

In conclusion: in summary/to sum up/in the final analysis/based on the arguments offered above/hence/thus/therefore

Clearly: precisely, exactly, correctly (切记不要再用obviously了) Identifies: finds, determines, pinpoints, ascertains, discovers, discerns Weaknesses: flaws, weak links

Convincingly: compellingly, forcefully, successfully, impressively Show: prove, reveal{toefl综合写作范文}.

Central argument: fundamental argument, main idea, main argument, main point

Incorrect: inaccurate, wrong, indefensible, inadequate specious at best, unconvincing

toefl综合写作范文篇五

新托福综合写作满分范文汇总

智课网TOEFL备考资料

新托福综合写作满分范文汇总

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摘要： 下面是小马小编整理的新托福综合写作满分范文汇总，一共包括TPO1-33，希望同学们好好学习，本文章支持在线免费下载。

同学们备考 托福 写作考试，都离不开写作范文资料，tpo更是精华中的精华，下面是 新托福 综合写作满分范文TPO1-33汇总，同学们一定要抽出时间，好好复习这些精华。

新托福综合写作满分范文 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO1 新托福TPO2综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO3综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO4综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO5综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO6综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO7综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO8综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO9综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO10综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO11综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO12综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO13综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO14综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO15综合写作高分范文 新托福TPO16综合写作高分范文 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO17 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO18 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO19 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO20 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO21 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO22 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO23 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO24 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO25 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO26 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO27 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO28 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO29 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO30 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO31 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO32 新托福综合写作满分范文TPO33

上面介绍的就是新托福综合写作满分范文汇总，如果想了解其他考试备考资料，请关注 小马 过河托福频道，关于本文有任何疑问，都可以和 小马过河 专家联系。

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toefl综合写作范文篇六

托福综合写作范文

智课网TOEFL备考资料

托福综合写作范文

摘要： 同学们如果不知道怎么备考托福综合写作考试，那么参考托福综合写作范文，是一种比较好的方法，下面是小编整理的托福综合写作范文：TPO3，供大家参考。

同学们备考 托福 写作时，参考 托福写作 范文，不仅可以给自己提供一些写作思路，还可以学习其中的写作技巧，下面是一篇托福综合写作范文,希望对大家备考有所帮助。

Reading

Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to

Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.

First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.

Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.

Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.

For these reasons the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.

Listening

Professor:

Everything you just read about "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that it's indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.

First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasn't part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady

Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original

could be seen, in the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminates part of the woman's face. That's why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we would expect from Rembrandt.

Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original

painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of "Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet" is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his "Self-portrait with a Hat".

Answer

The lecture revises the idea presented in the text, that Rembrandt was not the artist who painted the famous painting “Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet.”

The inconsistency between the white cap, which identifies the woman as a servant, and the expensive fur collar she wears dissolves as the professor explains that the fur collar was apparently painted over Rembrandt’s original in order to increase its worth by displaying an aristocratic woman.

In addition, the assumption that the light and shadows in the painting do not fit together is refuted by the fact that in the original painting the woman wears a light cloth that illuminated her face. Thus, the presentation of light and shadow was indeed very realistic and accurate, as it is characteristic of Rembrandt’s paintings.

Finally, the mystery of the panel consisting of patches glued together is also solved in the lecture. The wood panel was actually later enlarged to make it more grand in size and hence more valuable, but the original painting was painted on a single panel, as Rembrandt would have done. Furthermore, the wood was found to be made from the same tree Rembrandt used in many of his other paintings, like the “Self-Portrait with a Hat.”

All this information serves to support the argument that Rembrandt was the painter of this controversial work.

上面介绍的就是托福综合写作范文：TPO3的详细内容，同学们可以根据范文，总结出自己特有的写作模板，之后用在 托福考试 上，相信大家都可以取得优异成绩。

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