《政府工作报告》的翻译研究

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《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇一

政府工作报告的翻译毕业论文

DALIAN UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

A STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF POLITICAL VOCABULARY WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS IN GOVERNMENT WORK REPORTS

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF APPLIED ENGLISH

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ARTS

LIU TINGTING

CLASS: 2

GRADE: 2009

ADVISER: PAN ZHIDAN

APRIL OF 2013

ABSTRACT

The annual Government Work Report delivered to the People‟s Congress, reviewing the past situation and outlining the future policies, plans for politics, economy, people‟s life etc. Certainly, GWR presents authoritative information on the situation in China and the relative policies of Chinese Government. However, the current translation for GWR is far from being satisfactory. Thus, the author of this thesis attempts to conduct a comprehensive study on the GWR translation and explore the translation strategies for political expressions.

The study on the translation strategies on the political vocabulary with Chinese characteristics is based on the 2010, 2011, and 2012 Government Work Reports. To begin with, the thesis will introduce the Government Work Reports and stress the importance of the translation strategies in the GWR. Then, the analysis on the the Chinese characteristics of GWR at lexical, syntactic, and contextual level will be illustrated. Next, based on the extralinguistic study, language style and cultural perspectives in English and Chinese will be compared. In accordance with the analysis above, translation strategies, such as amplification and omission, will be explored to improve the accuracy and readability of GWR translation.

Through the translation of GWR, China will be better understood by the outside world. Thus, the relative translation methods will be concluded in this thesis so as to translate other Chinese political articles.

Key Words: GWR, Translation Strategies, Chinese Characteristics

摘要

浅析政府工作报告中有中国特色的政治词汇的翻译策略

刘婷婷

每一年的政府工作报告，回顾过去，展望未来，在政治，经济，人民生活等方面做出规划。当然，政府工作报告对中国的形势及政府的相关政策提供权威的信息。然而，进来对政府工作报告的翻译却不尽如人意。因此，本文作者试图对政府工作报告的翻译进行全面的研究并探求政治文本的翻译策略。

此研究基于2010,2011和2012年的政府工作报告。本文首先对政府工作报告的语言特点加以介绍，并提出翻译策略在政府工作报告翻译中的重要性。其次，本文将在词法、句法、及上下文的层面上对政府工作报告中的中国特色表达进行分析。再次，基于跨语言的研究，本文将在语言特征及文化层面上对中英文进行比较。基于以上分析，为了提高政府工作报告翻译的准确性及可读性，本文将探究相关翻译技巧，如增译法、减译法。

好的政府工作报告的翻译，将有助于外界了解中国。因此，为方便其他中国特色政治文章的翻译，本文将会总结相关的翻译策略。

关键词：政府工作报告；翻译策略；中国特色

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank many people for helping me to get this thesis finished.

First, I owe particular thanks to my adviser, Professor Pan Zhidan, who has been so responsible and patient in supervising me in writing up the thesis. With her help, I understand the process of conducting a research, the importance of analysis in a study and the methods of translation.

Special thanks go to my parents, who have supported me throughout my years of education, both morally and financially. They taught me how to be a good daughter, a diligent student and an upstanding person. Without their support, I would not be able to overcome the frustrations in the daily life.

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... II 摘要 ................................................................................................................................. III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................. IV CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................... V

Ⅰ. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1

A. Government work reports .......................................................................................... 1

B. THESIS ...................................................................................................................... 2

Ⅱ. Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 3

A. Translation theories .................................................................................................... 3

B. Domestication and foreignization .............................................................................. 4

C. Major problems in current GWR translation practice ................................................ 4

Ⅲ. Stylistic features of GWRs............................................................................................... 6

A. Formal diction ............................................................................................................ 6

B. Plain language ............................................................................................................ 6

C. Accuracy in expression .............................................................................................. 7

Ⅳ. Translation strategies employed in GWRs ....................................................................... 9

A. Tense .......................................................................................................................... 9

B. Tone .......................................................................................................................... 10

C. Ellipsis of words ....................................................................................................... 11

D. Supplement of words ............................................................................................... 12

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇二

2015政府工作报告(中英文对照)【完整版】

2015政府工作报告

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT

——2015 年 3 月 5 日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上

Delivered at the Third Session of the 12th National People's Congress on March 5, 2015

国务院总理李克强

Li Keqiang

Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、 2014 年工作回顾

I. A Review of the Work in 2014

过去一年，我国发展面临的国际国内环境复杂严峻。全球经济复苏艰难曲折，主要经济体走势分化。国内经济下行压力持续加大，多重困难和挑战相互交织。在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民万众一心，克难攻坚，完成了全年经济社会发展主要目标任务，全面深化改革实现良好开局，全面推进依法治国开启新征程，全面建成小康社会又迈出坚实步伐。

Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging. The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been divergent Downward pressure on China's economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges.

However, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, all our people have worked together as one, surmounted difficulties, and accomplished the year's main targets for economic and social development, thereby ensuring that we got off to a good start in comprehensively deepening reform, embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China, and again made solid progress in our endeavor to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

一年来，我国经济社会发展总体平稳，稳中有进。“稳”的主要标志是，经济运行处于合理区间。

During the past year, China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development. The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.

增速稳，国内生产总值达到 63. 6 万亿元，比上年增长 7.4%，在世界主要经济体中名列前茅。就业稳，城镇新增就业1322 万人，高于上年。价格稳，居民消费价格上涨 2%。“进”的总体特征是，发展的协调性和可持续性增强。经济结构有新的优化，粮食产量达到

1. 21 万亿斤，消费对经济增长的贡献率上升3 个百分点，达到51. 2%，服务业增加值比重由 46.9%提高到 48.2% ，新产业、新业态、新商业模式不断涌现。中西部地区经济增速快于东部地区。发展质量有新的提升，一般公共预算收入增长 8.6%，研究与试验发展经费支

出与国内生产总值之比超过 2%，能耗强度下降 4.8%，是近年来最大降幅。人民生活有新的改善，全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长 8%，快于经济增长;农村居民人均可支配收入实际增长 9.2%，快于城镇居民收入增长;农村贫困人口减少 1232万人;6600 多万农村人口饮水安全问题得到解决;出境旅游超过 1 亿人次。改革开放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重点任务启动实施，本届政府减少 1/3 行政审批事项的目标提前实现。

■ The growth rate was steady China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.

■ Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the previous year.

■ Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%.

■ The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.

■ The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 605 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models. The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region.

■ The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by

8.6%. Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.

■ People's lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%), outpacing that of those living in urban areas. In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million.

■ New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. A series of key tasks for comprehensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule.

这份成绩单的确来之不易，它凝聚着全国各族人民的心血和汗水，坚定了我们奋勇前行的决心和信心。

These achievements have not come easily. They have been made possible by the painstaking efforts and hard work of all our people, and they have strengthened our resolve and confidence to keep pushing ahead.

过去一年，困难和挑战比预想的大。我们迎难而上，主要做了以下工作。

Over the past year, we have faced more difficulties and challenges than anticipated. We have risen to the challenge and accomplished the following in our work.

一是在区间调控基础上实施定向调控，保持经济稳定增长。面对经济下行压力加大态势，我们保持战略定力，稳定宏观经济政策，没有采取短期强刺激措施，而是继续创新宏观调控思路和方式，实行定向调控，激活力、补短板、强实体。把握经济运行合理区间的上下限，抓住发展中的突出矛盾和结构性问题，定向施策，聚焦靶心，精准发力。向促改革要动力，向调结构要助力，向惠民生要潜力，既扩大市场需求，又增加有效供给，努力做到结构调优而不失速。{《政府工作报告》的翻译研究}.

First, on the basis of range-based macro regulation, m exercised targeted regulation to keep the economy growing steadily.

In the face of mounting downward economic pressure, we maintained strategic focus and kept our macroeconomic policy unchanged. Instead of using short-term stimulus measures, we continued to develop new ideas and methods for macro regulation. We exercised targeted regulation, stimulated market activity, shored up our weak spots, and boosted the real economy. With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development. We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

有效实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。实行定向减税和普遍性降费，拓宽小微企业税收优惠政策范围，扩大"营改增"试点。加快财政支出进度，积极盘活存量资金。灵活运用货币政策工具，采取定向降准、定向再贷款、非对称降息等措施，加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节的支持力度，小微企业、"三农"贷款增速比各项贷款平均增速分别高 4.2 和 O. 7 个百分点。同时，完善金融监管，坚决守住不发生区域性系统性风险的底线。

We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy. We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries. We sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and put surplus budgetary funds to good use. By flexibly utilizing monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increases in loans made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by

4.2 and 0.7 percentage points respectively. At the same time, regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.

二是深化改革开放，激发经济社会发展活力。针对束缚发展的体制机制障碍，我们通过全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力，啃了不少硬骨头，经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进。

Second we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.

To address obstructions holding back development caused by certain systems and mechanisms, we comprehensively deepened reform, invigorating the market to offset downward economic pressure. We tackled many tough issues and carried out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors.

扎实推动重点改革。制定并实施深化财税体制改革总体方案，预算管理制度和税制改革取得重要进展，专项转移支付项目比上年减少 1/3 以上，一般性转移支付比重增加，地方政府性债务管理得到加强。存款利率和汇率浮动区间扩大，民营银行试点迈出新步伐，“沪港通”试点启动，外汇储备、保险资金运用范围拓展。能源、交通、环保、通信等领域价格改革加快。启动科技资金管理、考试招生、户籍、机关事业单位养老保险制度等改革。

We have made solid progress in key reforms. We formulated and implemented a coordinated plan for deepening the reform of the fiscal and tax: systems. Important progress was made in the

reform of the budgetary management and tax systems. The number of items receiving special transfer payments was over one third less than that of the previous year, and the proportion of transfer payments for general purposes was increased. Management of local government debt was strengthened. The floating ranges of interest rates on deposits and exchange rates were expanded. New steps were taken in the trials to establish private banks. The Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect was launched on a trial basis. The scope for using foreign exchange reserves and insurance funds was broadened. Price reforms in energy, transport, environmental protection, and communications were accelerated. We launched reforms to the system for managing research and development funding, the school examination andenrollment systems, the household registration system, and the pension system for employees of Party and government offices and public institutions.

继续把简政放权、放管结合作为改革的重头戏。国务院各部门全年取消和下放 246 项行政审批事项，取消评比达标表彰项目29 项、职业资格许可和认定事项 149 项，再次修订投资项目核准目录，大幅缩减核准范围。着力改革商事制度，新登记注册市场主体达到 1293 万户，其中新登记注册企业增长 45. 9 % 形成新的创业热潮。经济增速放缓，新增就业不降反增，显示了改革的巨大威力和市场的无限潜力。

We have continued to give the central stage in reform to streamlining administration and delegating more powers to lower-level governments and to society in general while improving regulation. Over the course of the year, departments under the State Council cancelled the requirement of or delegated the power for review on 246 items. We cancelled 29 performance evaluations, inspections on the meeting of standards, and commendations, and 149 verifications and approvals of vocational qualifications. We again revised and significantly shortened the list of investment projects requiring government review. We channeled great effort into the reform of the business system. The number of newly registered market entities reached 12.93 million, with that of enterprises increasing by 45.9%, creating a fresh surge of entrepreneurial activity. While economic growth slowed down, more jobs were created, which fully demonstrates both the tremendous power of reform and the endless potential of the market.

以开放促改革促发展。扩展上海自由贸易试验区范围，新设广东、天津、福建自由贸易试验区。稳定出口，增加进口，出口占国际市场份额继续提升。实际使用外商直接投资 1196 亿美元，居世界首位。对外直接投资 1029 亿美元，与利用外资并驾齐驱。中国与冰岛、瑞士自贸区启动实施，中韩、中澳自贸区完成实质性谈判。铁路、电力、油气、通信等领域对外合作取得重要成果，中国装备正大步走向世界。

We drew on further opening up to boost reform and development. We expanded the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone and established similar zones in Guangdong, Tianjin, and Fujian. We worked to keep exports stable and increase imports, and China's international market share in exports continued to increase. Foreign direct investment actually made in China reached $119.6 billion, making the country the world's top destination for foreign direct investment. China's outward foreign direct investment reached $102.9 billion, meaning that outward investment has come to draw even with inward investment. China's free trade zone arrangements with Iceland and Switzerland were officially launched, and China completed substantive talks on free trade zones with the Republic of Korea and Australia. Major progress was made in cooperation with other countries in fields such as railways, electric power, oil, natural gas, and communications. Chinese equipment is making significant strides into the international market.

三是加大结构调整力度，增强发展后劲。在结构性矛盾突出的情况下，我们积极作为，

有扶有控，多办当前急需又利长远的事，务实经济社会发展根基。

Third, we stepped up structural adjustments to make China’s development more sustainable. We took proactive steps to address prominent structural problems and supported the development of certain areas while containing the development of others, focusing on urgently needed initiatives that promise long-term benefits. Our goal herein has been to lay a firm foundation for economic and social development

不断巩固农业基础。加大强农惠农富农政策力度，实现粮食产量“十一连增”、农民收入“五连快”。农业综合生产能力稳步提高，农业科技和机械化水平持续提升，重大水利工程建设进度加快，新增节水灌溉面积3345万亩，新建改建农村公路23万公里。新一轮退耕还林还草启动实施。农村土地确权登记颁证有序进行，农业新型经营主体加快成长。

Work was done to strengthen the foundations of agriculture. We increased policy support to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and raise rural living standards. Grain output increased for the 11th consecutive year, and the income of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents for the fifth year running. Overall agricultural production capacity was steadily improved. Agricultural science and technology continued to be strengthened, and agriculture was further mechanized. The pace of progress in the construction of major water conservancy projects was stepped up. Farmland under water-saving irrigation was increased by 2.23 million hectares. An additional 230,000 kilometers of roads were built of upgraded in rural areas. We launched a new round of efforts to return more marginal farmland to forest or grassland. The work to determine, register, and certify contracted rural land-use rights proceeded as planned, and new types of agricultural businesses registered faster growth.

大力调整产业结构。着力培育新的增长点，促进服务业加快发展，支持发展移动互联网、集成电路、高端装备制造、新能源汽车等战略性新兴产业，互联网金融异军突起，电子商务、物流快递等新业态快速成长，众多"创客"脱颖而出，文化创意产业蓬勃发展。同时，继续化解过剩产能，钢铁、水泥等 15 个重点行业淘汰落后产能年度任务如期完成。加强雾噩治理，淘汰黄标车和老旧车指标超额完成。

We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry. We focused on fostering new areas of growth by encouraging the service sector to develop more quickly, and supporting the development of strategic emerging industries, including the mobile Internet industry, the integrated circuits industry, high-end equipment manufacturing, and the new-energy vehicles industry. Internet-based finance rose swiftly to prominence. B-commerce, logistics, express delivery services and other emerging businesses developed rapidly. We have seen creators coming thick and fast, and the cultural and creative industries have been developing with great vitality. At the same time, we continued to cut overcapacity. Fifteen key industries including steel and cement achieved their task for the year of shutting down outdated production facilities as scheduled. We stepped up efforts to prevent and control smog and surpassed this year's targets for removing high-emission and old vehicles from the roads.

推进基础设施建设和区域协调发展。京津冀协同发展、长江经济带建设取得重要进展。新建铁路投产里程 8427 公里，高速铁路运营里程达1. 6 万公里，占世界的 60% 以上。高速公路通车里程达 11. 2 万公里，水路、民航、管道建设进一步加强。农网改造稳步进行。宽带用户超过 7. 8亿户。经过多年努力，南水北调中线一期工程正式通水，惠及沿线亿万群众。

Progress was made in developing infrastructure and promoting coordinated development among regions. Significant progress was made in coordinated development for the

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇三

政府工作报告翻译心得

政府工作报告翻译心得

泛瑞翻译

《政府工作报告》的翻译更易出现中式英语倾向。其原因有三：一是带有中国特色的新词语新提法难以从英文词典中找到现成的对应词；二是对忠实原文的要求严格。

一. 出现中式英语倾向的原因

由于中国与英语国家的历史背景、政治经济体制、社会文化形态的不同，以及中国人与英语国家人们思维方式和语言习惯的差异，汉译英易产生“中式英语”，就像英译汉易出现“洋腔洋调”一样。无论是文学翻译还是应用翻译都有“中式英语”的倾向，像《政府工作报告》这样的政治性文件的汉英翻译尤其易感“中式英语症”。其原因有三：

1. 用词的中国特色

一年一度的《政府工作报告》是中国政府向其人民代表所做的工作总结和工作部署。总结的是建设具有中国特色社会主义事业的新成就，部署的是针对中国国情的大政方针、基本国策，不少新词汇、新词组、新提法都是中国特有的，难以从英文词典中找到现成的对应词。无论是直译还是解释性翻译都难免中文味道。

“三个代表”译为Three Represents，用动词represent体现原文“代表”的动态词性，用数量次、复数和大写来满足 “三个代表”简称的名词需要，译文与原文在形式上也很对称。但Three Represents听起来又点怪，仍有中式英语味道，因为用数次修饰动词是违反英文语法的。

“三条保障线”(国有企业下岗职工基本生活保障、失业保险和城市居民最低生活保障)是典型的带中国特色的词组，英文里找不到相应的词。今年《政府工作报告》译为three-stage guarantees，后又根据上下文做解释性翻译(ensuring payment of the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for the urban poor)。

但这种译文不一定理想。guarantee有名词词性，字尾加s表示复数，符合英语语法。但stage是指同一事物不同的发展阶段，譬如现代化建设“三步走”战略译为three-stage strategy for modernization drive，不能把几件事用stage相提并论，所以该译文是不准确的。英语专家王弄笙在其《近年来汉英翻译中出现的一些新问题》中提议将“三条保障线”译作the system of three social security programs，既强调了数量的概念，the system又使三者浑然一体，还体现了社会保障的范畴，可谓言简意赅。

与数字结合的词组，诸如“五讲、四美、三热爱”等等，都是中国专有的，在英文里找不到相应的词组。即使深刻理解了原文，用通顺易懂的英文译出来，也未必理想。这样的提法在每年的政府报告中都有，在别的政治文件中也不断涌现。

2.对忠实原文有更高的要求

翻译要忠实于原文，“信、达、雅”的翻译标准“信”字当头。政治文件的翻译对忠实原文的要求就更为严格，因为政治文件涉及党和国家大政方针、基本国策，一旦出现纰漏，后果严重。政治文件政策性强，翻译不能随意增字，也不能随意减字，更不能换种说法绕过去。为了政治上保险，过于拘泥于原文字句，亦步亦趋，扣得太死，易产生不符合英文词法句法的中式英语。

3.行文结构和用词的特点

政府报告句子偏长，句型结构单一，多用并列短句或并列谓语，“一逗到底”，连接成分使用不多，层次不太明显。而英语要求句子结构紧凑，逻辑关系严密，层次分明，主谓关系密切。译者必须透彻理解原文，挖掘句子与句子之间逻辑关系。否则，译文容易偏离英语“形合”的要求，产生过多单个的句子，结构松散。另外，用词重复单调，在一句话或相连的几句话里重复使用相同的词是常见的事。有些看起来容易译起来难的词和词组出现频度很高，例如：“加强”、“建设”或“搞好”等，容易产生重复累赘、晦涩难懂的中式英语。

二.克服中式英语的俩种技巧

如何才能克服中式英语呢?从基础上讲，首先要结合业务加强政治学习，吃透报告精神，不要停留在字面意思，避免因缺乏政治知识造成歧义。其次，要加强业务学习，熟悉英文词法句法特点，避免将中文搭配强加在英文上。笔者通过参与历年《政府工作报告》和其它全国人大会议文件的翻译，认真研读推敲文件英译本，留心搜集了一些如何在实践中解决中式英语问题的技巧与范例。归纳起来可分为两种技巧：替代重复指称和使用主从结构。下面以十届人大一次会议朱镕基总理的《政府工作报告》的英译本为例。

1. 替代重复指称

英语不喜欢重复，汉译英时要想方设法避免重复，主要手段有用代词代替、缩短或去掉修饰成分、使用概括性名词和变换用词等。

⑴用代词代替

例1.实现了千百年来围湖造田、与湖争地到大规模退田还湖的历史性转变。 This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of

reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale. 这个例子，原文“湖”出现三次，“田”出现两次，而译文中lakes和farmland只出现一次，再次出现使用了代词it和 them来代替。既避免了重复，又增加了连贯性。原文中“围湖造田”“与湖争地”属同意反复，省去一个即可。英语中的代词可分为七、八种，可见代词在英语中比在汉语中用得多。使用代词代替名词是汉译应时避免重复、简化译文的一个常用的手法。

⑵缩短修饰成分

例2.进行了新中国成立以来规模最大的水利建设。五年全国水利建设投资3562亿元，扣除价格变动因素，相当于1950年到1997年全国水利建设投资的总和。

We built water conservancy projects on a scale larger than any other time since the founding of New China. The investment in these projects

nationwide totaled 356.2 million yuan for the five years, which was equal to the total investment in this field from 1950 through 1997 after adjusting for price changes.

原文“水利建设”出现三次，译文中water conservancy projects 仅出现一次，第二次用指示代词these将定语缩短，第三次用概括性名词field代替。保留中心词、简化或省略修饰成分，可以避免重复指正。

例3.„2002年5月份，国务院召开全国增收节支工作电视电话会议„2002年9月份，国务院再次召开全国增收节支工作会议„

„in May 2002 the State Council held a national conference on increasing revenue and reducing expenditures „in September 2002, it held another conference„

相同内容的会议第二次出现时，只保留中心词conference，其它修饰成分用another代替，既避免了重复，又使两次会议的同一目的一目了然。

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇四

2015年政府工作报告中英文对照版

2015年政府工作报告中英文对照版

各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

Fellow Deputies,on behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2014年工作回顾

I. A Review of the Work in 2014

过去一年，我国发展面临的国际国内环境复杂严峻。全球经济复苏艰难曲折，主要经济体走势分化。国内经济下行压力持续加大，多重困难和挑战相互交织。 Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging. The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been divergent. Downward pressure on China's economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges.

在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民万众一心，克难攻坚，完成了全年经济社会发展主要目标任务，全面深化改革实现良好开局，全面推进依法治国开启新征程，全面建成小康社会又迈出坚实步伐。

一年来，我国经济社会发展总体平稳，稳中有进。“稳”的主要标志是，经济运行处于合理区间。

增速稳，国内生产总值达到63.6万亿元，比上年增长7.4%，在世界主要经济体中名列前茅。

--The growth rate was steady. China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world.

就业稳，城镇新增就业1322万人，高于上年。

--Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the previous year.

价格稳，居民消费价格上涨2%。“进”的总体特征是，发展的协调性和可持续性增强。

--Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%. The underlying feature

demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable.

经济结构有新的优化，粮食产量达到1.21万亿斤，消费对经济增长的贡献率上升3个百分点，达到51.2%，服务业增加值比重由46.9%提高到48.2%，新产业、新业态、新商业模式不断涌现。

--The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 605 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models. The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region.

中西部地区经济增速快于东部地区。发展质量有新的提升，一般公共预算收入增长8.6%，研究与试验发展经费支出与国内生产总值之比超过2%，能耗强度下降4.8%，是近年来最大降幅。

--The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%. Research and development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years.

人民生活有新的改善，全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长8%，快于经济增长；农村居民人均可支配收入实际增长9.2%，快于城镇居民收入增长；农村贫困人口减少1232万人；6600多万农村人口饮水安全问题得到解决；出境旅游超过1亿人次。

--People's lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%, outpacing that of those living in urban areas. In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million.

改革开放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重点任务启动实施，本届政府减少1/3行政审批事项的目标提前实现。

--New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. A series of key tasks for comprehensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule.

这份成绩单的确来之不易，它凝聚着全国各族人民的心血和汗水，坚定了我们奋勇前行的决心和信心。

过去一年，困难和挑战比预想的大。我们迎难而上，主要做了以下工作。 Over the past year, we have faced more difficulties and challenges than

anticipated. We have risen to the challenge and accomplished the following in our work.

一是在区间调控基础上实施定向调控，保持经济稳定增长。

First, on the basis of range-based macro regulation, we exercised targeted regulation to keep the economy growing steadily.

面对经济下行压力加大态势，我们保持战略定力，稳定宏观经济政策，没有采取短期强刺激措施，而是继续创新宏观调控思路和方式，实行定向调控，激活力、补短板、强实体。把握经济运行合理区间的上下限，抓住发展中的突出矛盾和结构性问题，定向施策，聚焦靶心，精准发力。向促改革要动力，向调结构要助力，向惠民生要潜力，既扩大市场需求，又增加有效供给，努力做到结构调优而不失速。

development. We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and

increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

有效实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。实行定向减税和普遍性降费，拓宽小微企业税收优惠政策范围，扩大“营改增”试点。加快财政支出进度，积极盘活存量资金。

We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent

monetary policy. We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro

businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries.

灵活运用货币政策工具，采取定向降准、定向再贷款、非对称降息等措施，加大对经济社会发展薄弱环节的支持力度，小微企业、“三农”贷款增速比各项贷款平均增速分别高4.2和0.7个百分点。同时，完善金融监管，坚决守住不发生区域性系统性风险的底线。

We sped up the process of making budgetary funds available for fiscal expenditures and put surplus budgetary funds to good use. By flexibly utilizing

monetary policy instruments, making targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, carrying out targeted re-lending, and making asymmetric interest rate cuts, we stepped up support for weaker areas in economic and social development. Increases in loans

made to small and micro businesses, and loans for agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, outdid the average increase in loans overall by 4.2 and 0.7 percentage points

respectively. At the same time, regulation of the financial sector was improved and regional and systemic risks were forestalled.

二是深化改革开放，激发经济社会发展活力。

Second, we deepened reform and opening up and invigorated economic and social development.

针对束缚发展的体制机制障碍，我们通过全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力，啃了不少硬骨头，经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进。

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇五

2015政府工作报告中英文对照

政府工作报告

——2015年3月5日在第十二届全国人

民代表大会第三次会议上

国务院总理李克强

一、2014年工作回顾

二、2015年工作总体部署

三、把改革开放扎实推向纵深

四、协调推动经济稳定增长和结构优化

五、持续推进民生改善和社会建设

六、切实加强政府自身建设

各位代表：

现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

一、2014年工作回顾

过去一年，我国发展面临的国际国内环境复杂严峻。全球经济复苏艰难曲折，主要经济体走势分化。国内经济下行压力持续加大，多重困难和挑战相互交织。在以习近平同志为总书记的党中央坚强领导下，

Report on the Work of the Government Delivered at the Third Session of the 12th National People' s Congress on March 5, 2015 Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council Contents I. A Review of the Work in 2014 II. The Plan for Work in 2015III. Deepening Reform and Opening UpIV. Balancing Steady Economic Growth and Structural ImprovementV. Making Sustained Efforts to Improve Living Standards and Promote Social DevelopmentVI. Improving GovernmentFellow Deputies, On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval, and I invite comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). I. A Review of the Work in 2014 Over the past year, the international and domestic environments faced by China in its development have been complicated and challenging. The road to global economic recovery has been rough, with many ups and downs, and the performance of the major economies has been divergent. Downward pressure on

全国各族人民万众一心，克难攻坚，完成了全年经济社会发展主要目标任务，全面建成小康社会迈出坚实步伐，全面深化改革实现良好开局，全面依法治国开启新征程，全面从严治党取得新进展。

一年来，我国经济社会发展总体平稳，稳中有进。“稳”的主要标志是，经济运行处于合理区间。增速稳，国内生产总值达到63.6万亿元，比上年增长7.4%，在世界主要经济体中名列前茅。就业稳，城镇新增就业1322万人，高于上年。价格稳，居民消费价格上涨2%。“进”的总体特征是，发展的协调性和可持续性增强。经济结构有新的优化，粮食产量达到6.07亿吨，消费对经济增长的贡献率上升3个百分点，达到51.2%，服务业增加值比重由46.9%提高到48.2%，新产业、新业态、新商业模式不断涌现。中西部地区经济增速快于东部地区。发展质量有新的提升，一般公共预算收入增长8.6%，研究与试验发展经费支出与国内生产总值之比超过2%，能耗强度下降4.8%，是近年来最大降幅。人民生活有新的改善，全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长8%，快于经济增长；农村居民人均可支配收入实际增长

9.2%，快于城镇居民收入增长；农村贫困人口减少1232万人；6600多万农村人口饮水安全问题得到解决；出境旅游超过1亿人次。改革开放有新的突破，全面深化改革系列重点任务启动实施，本届政府

China' s economy has continued to mount, and we have faced an array of interwoven difficulties and challenges. However, under the firm leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, all our people have worked together as one, surmounted difficulties, and accomplished the year' s main targets for economic and social development. We have made solid progress in our endeavor to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, got off to a good start in comprehensively deepening reform, embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China, and seen progress in the all-round strengthening of Party self-conduct. During the past year, China has, overall, achieved a stable performance while at the same time securing progress in its economic and social development. The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range. -- The growth rate was steady. China's GDP reached 63.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4% over the previous year, making China one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world. -- Employment remained robust, with 13.22 million new urban jobs created, which is higher than the figure for the previous year. -- Prices were stable, with the CPI rising by 2%. The underlying feature demonstrating progress is that our development is becoming better coordinated and more sustainable. -- The economic structure was upgraded. Grain output reached 607 million metric tons; the contribution of consumption toward economic growth rose by three percentage points to 51.2%; the value added of the service sector increased from 46.9% to 48.2% of the GDP; and there was a constant stream of new industries, new types of business, and new business models. The central and western regions grew faster in economic terms than the eastern region. -- The quality of development was raised. Revenue in the general public budgets grew by 8.6%. Research and

减少1/3行政审批事项的目标提前实现。这份成绩单的确来之不易，它凝聚着全国各族人民的心血和汗水，坚定了我们奋勇前行的决心和信心。{《政府工作报告》的翻译研究}.

过去一年，困难和挑战比预想的大。我们迎难而上，主要做了以下工作。

development spending accounted for more than 2% of the GDP. Energy intensity was cut by 4.8%, the biggest reduction made in recent years. -- People's lives were improved. Per capita disposable personal income increased by 8% in real terms nationwide, growing faster than the economy, and the per capita disposable income of rural residents grew by 9.2%, outpacing that of those living in urban areas. In rural areas, the number of people living in poverty was reduced by 12.32 million, and over 66 million more people gained access to safe drinking water. The number of outbound trips made by Chinese tourists exceeded 100 million. -- New breakthroughs were made in reform and opening up. A series of key tasks for comprehensively deepening reform were launched, and the goal of the current administration to cut the number of items that require government review by one third was achieved ahead of schedule. These achievements have not come easily. They have been made possible by the painstaking efforts and hard work of all our people, and they have strengthened our resolve and confidence to keep pushing ahead. Over the past year, we have fa

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇一

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇二

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇三

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇四

《政府工作报告》的翻译研究篇五

政府工作报告翻译论文

2016政府工作报告翻译