issue官方范文

issue官方范文篇一

Issue 官方范文全新整理版

Issue 官方范文全新整理版

说明：本版主要基于iq28的“ETS官方Issue范文”，删除了其中的重复题目，

根据原始来源修订了部分错误，并制作了目录。

致谢：iq28, 红蝎子, imong, blackdoor@gter.net; Steven Jiang@上海新东方 ———————————————

Topic List:

All can be found at the ETS website:

1. "Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing." (From Practice Book & PP3) 2. "The media (books, film, music, television, for example) tend to create rather than reflect the values of a society." (From PP3) 3. "Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental problems are global in scope and respect no nation's boundaries. Therefore, people are faced with the choice of unity and cooperation on the one hand or disunity and a common tragedy on the other." (From Practice Book & PP3)

4. "In our time, specialists of all kinds are highly over-rated. We need more generalists — people who can provide broad perspectives." (From Practice Book & ETS website & PP3)

5. "It is unfortunate that today's educators place so much emphasis on finding out what students want to include in the curriculum and then giving it to them. It is the educators' duty to determine the curriculum and the students' duty to study what is presented to them." (From PP3)

6. "The best ideas arise from a passionate interest in commonplace things." (From PP3)

7. "Wisdom is rightfully attributed not to people who know what to look for in life but to people who know what to overlook." (From PP3) 8. “It is important for higher education to challenge established traditions and values.” (From imong)

Contents

Issue test 1: Technology and Loneliness ·················································································2 Issue test 2: Media and Social Values ·····················································································9 Issue test 3: Declining Environment ····················································································· 17 Issue test 4: Generalists vs. Specialists ················································································· 25 Issue test 5: Duty of Educators ····························································································· 34 Issue test 6: Best Ideas ········································································································· 44 Issue test 7: Wisdom ············································································································ 51 Issue test 8: Higher Education······························································································ 58

Issue test 1: Technology and Loneliness

"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."

6

Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.

The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularly ambiguous. They have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. Some visionaries speak of a world in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home. He won't need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all those chat rooms. Hungry? Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored? Download a new game. And yet...

Many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work? Are his online friends real friends? Does anything count in a spiritual way if it's just digital? Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, soulless. The newest technologies, we fear, are making us flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of{issue官方范文}.

interchangeable data. We may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends. We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. In short, the new technology emphasizes a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time.

As I try to unravel which I believe about the relative merits of technology, I think it is instructive to remember technology's original result. A better plow meant easier farming, more food, longer lives, and more free time to pursue other things such as art. Our newest technology does not give us more free time; it consumes our free time. We are terminally distracted from confronting ourselves or each other. We stay safe, and lonely, in our homes and offices rather than taking the risk of meeting real people or trying new things.

While I am certainly not a Luddite, I do believe we need to look for a bit more balance between technology and life. We have to tear ourselves away from the fatal distractions and go out into the world. Technology has given us long lives and endless supplies of information. Now we need to apply that information, use the time we're not spending conking our dinner with a club, and find our reasons for living.

COMMENTARY

This outstanding response displays cogent reasoning, insightful, persuasive analysis, and superior control of language. The essay immediately identifies the complexities of the issue and then playfully explores both the benefits and the drawbacks of technological developments over the course of human history. The writer maintains that a "balance between technology and life" is necessary if humans are going to abate the loneliness that is part of modern existence.

I disagree with the argument that "Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."" Arguments can be made for this thesis, but they depend largely upon what I believe to be a poor definition of "loneliness".

If one defines loneliness as the absence of as much physical, face-to-face contact with other people, then this argument is probably true. The invention of modern telecommunications devices such as telephones, fax machines, and computers has definitely cut down on the amount of physical contact with other people. This is especially true in recent times due to the extremely rapid expansion of the Internet. E-mail and tele-conferencing are direct substitutes for physical contact, especially in the business world.

However, I believe that loneliness can be better measured by intellectual contact with other individuals. Unarguably, modern technology makes this

faster and easier, with better communication with a larger number of people. Some employers have argued that productivity is lessened since they have had computers linked to the Internet, as the employees spend much of their time "chatting" with friends, acquaintances, or business contacts across the country. This is probably not a good thing for the employers, but it demonstrates the increased degree of communication due to modern technology.

Of course, some technologies have increased loneliness by any standards, such as the automobile or other transportation mechanisms. These encourage substantially longer commutes between home and work. Automobiles have made possible the pattern of suburbanization that has been in place in the United States since immediately after World War Two. Time spent commuting is generally unproductive and spent alone, unless the individual in question is car-pooling or using mass transit. The contribution of the commuting culture to loneliness may actually be changing now due to new technology that is being invented and used by the general public. Popular new devices, such as the cellular phone, the laptop computer, and the combination thereof may actually convert commuting time to a period of increased communications between people, to "pass the time". This will be especially true as use of mass transit grows, which will probably happen, due to problems with gas shortages, air pollution, and the creation of further mass transit by federal and local governments.

The motivation for the declaration that loneliness is increasing may be due to the fact that many people, especially blue-collar workers, are unable to afford or use these new devices. However, since the advent of the personal computer, the price per computing power has continually lowered rapidly, and this trend shows no sign of changing. Several companies, such as Sun Microsystems and Oracle have announced that they are attempting to develop terminals with little computing power, but a full capability to access the Internet. These devices will be in approximately the $500 price range, which is much more reasonable than the price of the current top of the line PC. In addition, to cater to a larger mass of the public, software companies have been carefully making their products easier to use by non-"computer nerds". This trend is not likely to cease.

In conclusion, although early development of modern transportation may have increased loneliness, I believe that more recent technologies are actually doing the opposite, stimulating interpersonal contact and encouraging intellectual expansion. The perception that the opposite is true derives from what I believe is poor definition of loneliness and the difficulty that the working class has in acquiring and using modern telecommunications devices.

COMMENTARY

This strong response analyzes the complexities of the issue. In disagreeing with the prompt, the writer makes a distinction between two types of loneliness -- loneliness caused by "the absence of??? physical contact" and loneliness brought about by a lack of "intellectual contact" with others. The essay

reasons that while "the automobile and other transportation mechanisms" originally kept passengers physically and intellectually isolated from one another, modern technology, such as the cellular telephone and laptop computer, has made intellectual contact "faster and easier" and has benefited users by allowing them to communicate with "a larger number of people." The response provides clear and relevant examples of the ways in which technological developments facilitate and encourage intellectual communication. The writer examines the impact of user-friendly Internet access on the individual's ability to interact with others even when physical distance separates the communicating parties.

The organization is clear, yet transitions between paragraphs are not always smooth. The body of the essay lacks the focus that would help move it to a score of 6. It is not always clear how the information given relates to the essay's initial position (e.g., the discussion of current prices for personal computers in paragraph five). The conclusion, while clearly relevant, attempts to impose order on the somewhat loosely connected paragraphs, yet fails to add substance to the analysis.

On the whole, the essay displays clarity and control, but the language is sometimes imprecise and less tightly controlled than it would be in a 6 essay. The following sentence is one such example: "The motivation for the declaration that loneliness is increasing may be due to the fact that many people, especially blue-collar workers, are unable to afford or use these new devices."

Looking at the above statement, I see a lot of truth to the statement . There

are many ways that society has used the advanced technology in order to isolate themselves. It may or may not be a conscious move, but the results are all the same. The isolation occurs in a variety of ways and in all different areas. By computerizing factories, there are more and more people working long hours by themselves, with there only companion as a computer monitor. Although the company may be getting better production, the question that needs to be ask is at what cost to their employees.{issue官方范文}.{issue官方范文}.

It is not only the management of big factories that are responsible for this isolation. This loneliness can be seen in many other settings. With the growing popularity of the television, the nation is seeing a decline in families talking and an increase in watching the television. Not only can this result in a generation of "coach potatoes", it is also causes less communication and a feeling of isolation from everyone that a person cares about.

So far technology has entered the work place and the home, it has also entered the social relm. When you go to order food in the drive-thru, who is or better yet what is it that you talk to? It is a machine, although there is a person on

issue官方范文篇二

2015年GRE写作考试(Issue)历届满分官方范文分析指导

2015年GRE写作考试(Issue)历届满分官方

范文分析指导

"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing."

题目分析：核心概念是技术的发展，人们如何利用这些发展（实际上就是人们如何面对它）这两点如何在社会中影响。题目给出了讨论方向，即要考虑到人们在科技的影响下越来越孤独的问题。题目限定了时间范围是当代。

注：深红色的字代表论点性语言，是文章论证的核心。其中的关键字我用粗体表示。实际上文章的观点只用这些深红色的字就够了，不信的话大家可以把所有深红色的字提出来，全文的脉络就清晰可辨了，如同人的脊梁骨。黑色的字代表支撑论点的语言。这里有些是例证，有些是推理证明，个别的有指路标性质的文字我加粗了。黑色字的作用是使文章更佳的丰满，让人信服。推理证明就像骨头（小骨头非脊梁骨）,例证就像是肉。最终组成了有血有肉的文章。{issue官方范文}.

Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. 前面的几句话都是在介绍大的背景，即技术在现在这样的社会中有哪些影响，这很明显是在点题目中的“modern civilizations ”，很好的介绍了文章所限制的范围有哪些特点。从文字上来看，黑色的句子与棕色的句子的意思是完全一样的，区别就是一个更加抽象，一个更加具体，后者是通过具体的例子来解释前者的。这两者都是必不可少的。我们在写作文的时候是不是会忘记写两者中的其中一部分呢？Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. 这个very lately用的很好，第一它再一次的点题了，很好的紧扣题目，第二它与第一句话中所介绍出来的背景遥相呼应，使得前后的连接很顺当。本句以及以后几句就开始提出与第一句话相反的意见了，但是只是将现象提出来，并没有具体展开任何观点。The Industrial Revolution introduced{issue官方范文}.

and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would 一be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.开头段分为两个部分，一部分写优点，后一部分转而写有质疑。很好的暗示了文章的结构。我们可以清晰地知道作者的思路，并期待他在后面进行展开。并且通过细节处比如修饰语中的扣题，使得文章很好的紧扣题目。没有任何模版的痕迹。

The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularly ambiguous. They have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. Some visionaries speak of a world in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home. He won't need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all those chat rooms. Hungry? Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored? Download a new game. And yet...本段第一句话质疑科技带来的好处，这一句话引领出本段以及下一段。可以看作是一个过渡句。这里文章与开头段落的衔接非常好，我们看：ambiguous不正是照应了question吗？正是因为ambiguous人们才会question阿。本段的主题句实际上是第二句话。强调了科技的好的地方，使效率更高，人们之间的联系更加紧密了。后面的四个例子分别证明了这一点。这里，有一点我想说的，就是关于例子的使用，在awintro中明确说了要怎么用例子来支持观点：要么用几个例子，要么用一个可以延伸的例子。我们看这篇文章Erg这个词的频繁使用，这样的一个无限延伸的大例子不正是使文章连贯、论证有力的法宝吗。同时，本段最后用了四个事例，实际上都是用erg给串连起来的，也包括下一段。安排的顺序：事业=〉朋友=〉生存=〉娱乐，一步一步地指向个人的内心世界，人的精神层面。

Many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work? Are his online friends real friends? Does anything count in a spiritual way if it's just digital? 本段主要讲科技进步的负面，与上一段首句相照应。很好的承接了上一段落的内容。同时，在例子论证方面，与上一段的每一个点都有照应。一步一步的

issue官方范文篇三

GRE Issue 官方范文 7

GRE Issue 官方范文 7 (2008-12-18 18:04:42)

标签：ets gre issue ray 教育 新东方 修锐 英文写作 英语学习 分类：ISSUE参考资料

来源ETS

Issue test7

"Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing." SAMPLE-6 (score 6)

Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology. For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together. Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes. Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology. The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks. As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine. Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.

The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularly ambiguous. They have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. Some visionaries speak of a world in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home. He won't need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all those chat rooms. Hungry? Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored? Download a new game. And yet...

Many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work? Are his online friends real friends? Does anything count in a spiritual way if it's just digital? Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, soulless. The newest technologies, we fear, are making us flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangeable data. We may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends. We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. In short, the new technology emphasizes a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time.

As I try to unravel which I believe about the relative merits of technology, I think it is instructive to remember technology's original result. A better plow meant easier farming, more food, longer lives, and more free time to pursue other things such as art. Our newest technology does not give us more free time; it consumes our free time. We are terminally distracted from confronting ourselves or each other.

We stay safe, and lonely, in our homes and offices rather than taking the risk of meeting real people or trying new things.

While I am certainly not a Luddite, I do believe we need to look for a bit more balance between technology and life. We have to tear ourselves away from the fatal

distractions and go out into the world. Technology has given us long lives and endless supplies of information. Now we need to apply that information, use the time we're not spending conking our dinner with a club, and find our reasons for living.

COMMENTARY

This outstanding response displays cogent reasoning, insightful, persuasive

analysis, and superior control of language. The response immediately identifies the complexities of the issue and then playfully explores both the benefits and the drawbacks of technological developments over the course of human history. The writer maintains that a "balance between technology and life" is necessary if humans are going to abate the loneliness that is part of modern existence.

In contrasting the intended purpose of technology at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution with the end result of the use of today's technology, the writer skillfully expands the initial position and makes a sound point: "While

technological developments have helped society in a practical way, they have contributed to a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time."

The analysis is tightly organized. With well-chosen examples and a character called Erg, the response moves well beyond a listing of examples, developing the analysis over five focused paragraphs, each building on the previous one. The conclusion -- that as a result of technology the individual begins to lose sight of the need to connect with fellow citizens in a meaningful way -- follows directly from the preceding paragraphs, while adding substantive analysis.

This writer is clearly in command of language and syntax, varying the sentence structure to express concepts succinctly. Word choice is generally precise and often highly effective, as in the following examples: "down-trodden automation," and "haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, soulless."

issue官方范文篇四

GRE Issue 官方范文 9

GRE Issue 官方范文 9 (2008-12-18 18:09:53)

标签：ets gre issue ray 教育 新东方 修锐 英文写作 英语学习 分类：ISSUE参考资料

来源 ETS

Issue test9

Topic: It is important for higher education to challenge established traditions and values.

SAMPLE-6 (SCORE 6)

I feel it is impossible to not recognize the validity of this argument. It is important for higher education to challenge established traditions and values! Certainly in our society there are many traditions and values worth adhering to; however, if we refuse to challenge them, them we are accepting the status quo without realizing the full potential of other opportunities. Higher education and all other levels of education should challenge their students to think not only about English, history, or math, but about the inherent values and traditions implied in those areas as well, because the questioning of these things requires thoughtful consideration and conviction, times and societal influences change, and worthwhile traditions and values will stand the test of time.

Teachers are well aware that valuable teaching requires much more of an individual than solely the knowledge of subject matter, and at all levels of education are required to challenge their students to think. Research has proven that

decision-making skills and higher order analytical thought processes are much more critical to student success than actual subject matter. Teaching about traditions and values are part of this process. Most students learn traditions and values from their families; unfortunately, lots of students in our society don't have families with traditions or values (taught or implied) and we are therefore required to teach them to a certain degree. As a result, those students who do acquire values at home can begin to determine whether or not they agree with those philosophies, and those who haven't can learn about all types of traditions and values and determine which of those they would like to adopt. It is all about challenging people to think; therefore allowing them to mature and become more responsible members of society.

Also we must recognize that society changes (progressing or regressing) over time. We cannot allow all traditions and values to remain the same because they are no longer appropriate. For example, there was once a court edict in the early 1900's that no more than 3 women should reside in the same house together. Of course this was needed both because of brothels and the "fragile" needs of women to have male protection; however, times have now changed. We have sorties and those women wish to reside together! Similarly, two hundred years ago we did not teach sex education in schools, yet today it is almost a dire necessity to defer the ever increasing rate of teenage pregnancy, sexual transmitted diseases, and AIDS, The tradition to

keep such matters 'private, or in the home' is no longer acceptable considering the needs of society to deal with these problems.

Lastly, those traditions and values that are worthwhile and necessary to our existence will stand the test of time and remain essential ingredients to our lifestyles. We will always have religion is many forms and debates about national holidays, but the consistency is in the fact that we have them. Hopefully, four thins about life will always be essential: the need to respect one another, formulate intelligent responses, think before we speak, and have manners. Those manners might change, as have some with women's lib (i.e. the opening of doors, purchasing of meals based on fender, etc.), but manners of some type will always be necessary.

In conclusion, it is important maintain worthwhile tradition and values as they stand the test of time, so long as we think about them and challenge ourselves, As a result, all members of society will be stronger in their convictions.

A recent survey of dental patients showed that people who use Smile-Bright toothpaste are most likely to have capped teeth -- artificial but natural-looking protective coverings placed by dentists on individual teeth. Those people who had begun using Smile-Bright toothpaste early in life were more likely to have capped teeth than were people who had begun using Smile-Bright later in life. In addition, those who reported brushing their teeth more than twice a day with Smile-Bright toothpaste were more likely to have caps on their teeth than were those who reported brushing with Smile-Bright less frequently. Therefore, people wishing to avoid having their teeth capped should not use Smile-Bright toothpaste.

issue官方范文篇五

GRE Issue 官方范文 3

GRE Issue 官方范文 3 (2008-12-18 17:54:23)

标签：ets gre issue 教育 新东方 修锐 英文写作 英语学习 ray 分类：ISSUE参考资料

来源ETS

Issue test 3

"Our declining environment may bring the people of the world together as no

politician, philosopher, or war ever could. Environmental problems are global in scope and respect no nation's boundaries. Therefore, people are faced with the choice of unity and cooperation on the one hand or disunity and a common tragedy on the other."

6、

Cooperation---or Tragedy?

The solution to the world's growing environmental problems may have to wait awhile. It has been said that "environmental problems are global and respect no nation's boundaries." Unfortunately, pollution and its consequences still fall to large measure on those least likely to do anything about it: poor countries willing to sacrifice anything in order to sit at the table with the world's wealthy.

As far as the industrialized nations of the world are concerned, the world is a big place. Environmental destruction taking place outside their borders may sometimes be fodder for government pronouncements of concern, but few concrete actions. Deforestation of the Amazon, for instance, is of vital concern to all those who wish to continue breathing. But the only effective deterrent to this activity, the restriction of international aid money to those countries showing net deforestation, has been stalled in the United Nations by those unwilling to "interfere" in the internal politics of other nations.

Because of the differential impact of polluting activities around the world, and even in different regions of a single country, many governments will undoubtedly continue to promulgate only modest environmental regulations. Costs to polluting companies will continue to carry as much weight as the benefit of a pollution-free environment. Particularly in the current political climate of the United States, the well-documented expense of today's pollution-control measures will be stacked against the unknown long-term effects of polluting acclivities. "Why should I spend millions of dollars a year, which causes me to have to raise the cost of my goods or eliminate jobs, if no one really knows if air pollution is all that harmful? Show me the proof, " an air polluting company may demand.

Realistically, it won't be until critical mass is achieved that the hoped for "choice of unity and cooperation" will be a viable one. Only when the earth as a whole is

so polluted that life itself becomes increasingly difficult for a majority of the world's people will there likely be the political will to force global environmental laws on governments worldwide. But the optimists (read: environmental activists) among us continue to believe that the world can be shown the error of its ways. They continue to point out that the sky is probably falling--or at least developing a big hole. The world, as a whole, ignores them.

One would hope, however, that governments, perhaps through a strengthened U.N., could somehow be forced to realize that when the Earth reaches the critical mass of pollution, it may be too late to do anything about it. That would be a "common tragedy" indeed.

COMMENTARY

This excellent response displays an in-depth analysis of the issue and superior facility with language.

While acknowledging that environmental problems are serious and of global dimensions, the essay explores the complexity of international cooperation. Such cooperation, the essay argues, runs into a variety of problems, and the writer offers persuasive examples to support that point:

-- the unwillingness of nations to "interfere" with other nations through political measures such as restriction of foreign aid

-- inadequate environmental regulations, which are caused both by "the differential impact of polluting activities" between countries and regions and by the difficulty of comparing the "long-term effects of polluting activities" with the more easily documented, short-term costs of reducing pollution.

The essay distinguishes itself in part by its excellent organization. The first paragraph analyzes the claim and announces the writer's position; the second and third paragraphs provide clear examples supporting that position. The skillful use of a quotation from a business person vividly illustrates the economic impact of pollution controls. The last two paragraphs bring a sense of closure to the essay by continuing the theme announced in the first paragraph -- that cooperation must wait until more dire circumstances produce the political will necessary to reduce pollution.

The essay exhibits superior control of grammar and syntax, with only minor errors. Transitional phrases -- "because," "however," "for instance" -- help guide the reader through the argument. Also, effective sentence variety and the use of precise word choice help confirm the score of 6.