快速阅读题目 点击: 2012-03-13
2017中考英语作文预测
2017中考英语作文预测:
1.Talk about Internet Today,I’ll talk about going online. We know thatthere are too many net-bars (网吧) around us. The Internet can make our lives interesting and enjoyable.Many of us like going online very much because we can learn how to usethe computer and get more information from the Internet. We can learn English.We can read some good newspapers and magazines. It can make us cleverthrough playing computer games. I can sende-mails to our friends quickly. We can chatonline with our friends. It can help us get in touch with (取得联系) people from all over the world, but unfortunately the government
doesn’t allow communication with many people.
But some students spend too much time playing computer games and some stay in net bars all day and all night.As a result, they do worse and worse in their lessons andthey don’t study well any more. I think we shouldn’t goonline when it is time for us to study. We can do it in summer or winterholidays.
2.It's Important to Learn English
English is widely used throughout the world. So many people speak it as a second language. ()n line, you'll find lots of information in English. If you don't understand English, how can you know more about the world, how can you get more knowledge. At international conferences, English is also used as the official language. Without good English, you cannot express your ideas well at such conferences, neither can you introduce China to the outside world.
3.2016年中考英语话题。学习的苦与乐The Bitter and Happiness of Study
Before I went to school, I felt so excited, because I was so curious about the campus life. Now I have been in middle school, after seven years’ study, I feel the bitter and happiness. The bitter is that there are always exams, sometimes I can’t do well. Every time when I get the low mark, I will be afraid of disappointing my parents. The happy thing is that I make many friends here. We play andstudy together. They are just like the brothers and sisters to me. This is the process of growing up, which mix pain and happiness. I am so lucky to have these friends in my life, they mean so much to me.
在我上学前,我很兴奋,因为对校园生活很好奇。如今我已经读初中了,经过了七年的学习,我体会到了苦和乐。苦的是经常会有考试,有时候我考不好。每次我拿到低分的时候,我会担心让父母失望。高兴的是在这里我交到了很多朋友。我们一起玩耍和学习。他们就像是我的兄弟和姐妹。这就是成长的过程,参杂着痛苦和快乐。我很幸运,这些朋友出现在我的生命中,他们对我来说很重要。
4.2016中考英语话题作文:学生做兼职
题目:以“兼职”为话题写一篇初中英语作文
Students Doing Part-time Work(学生做兼职)
范文一:
More and more students are doing part-time work today. Students working part time usually have a positive attitude towards this extracurricular experience. Besides earning some money to support themselves,they can learn a lot which cannot be learned from textbooks. They will learn to get along with different kinds of people,get useful working experiences and learn the value of labor.
However, there are also some disadvantages in students doing part-time work. For example, too much work may cut into student's study time when they should get the best out of their college llfe and lay a good foundation of knowledge for their college life and lay a good foundation of knowledge for their future work. Another disadvantage is that money earned, if not properly used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed.
Good or bad, it is not easy for students to get part-tithe jobs in China now. Even if they do get some work, they are often badly paid. To change the situation, the society should develop a fresh look at students doing parttime work and provide them with opportunities in applying what they learn in the classroom to the real life situation of our society.
5.2017中考英语作文预测: My View on Television
Television has been in our life for many years. We can’t live happily without television.It can give us the latest information and news. It can open up our eyes and enlarge our knowledge. We canget happiness from the plays on television. We’ll be bored all day if there is no television. Television programsare attractive. After a whole day’s hard work, we can sit before the televisionand drink a cup of tea. How wonderful it is!
Television is also bad for people’s health. It’s not good for you to watch TV for toolong, especially bad for your eyes. It is true that watching TV can influence our behavior and achievement.However, it depends on what we do.
中考英语万能句子:环保
1. It's our duty to protect our environment.
2. It is very important to take care of our environment
3. We should not throw litter onto the ground
4. We should not spit in a public place/ cut down the trees
5. We should plant more flowers and trees.
6. We must pick up some rubbish and throw it into a dustbin
7. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.
★范文1. My best friend
My best friend is --- He is 15 years old. We are both in the same class. He works very hard. He is never late for school and he does well in all his lessons. He is always ready to help others. My math is very poor, so he often helps me with my math after class. His parents are both teachers. They are very busy, so he often helps do the housework at ho
me. He is a little shorter than me but he is very strong. He likes playing football very much at school. We often play football together and he plays it pretty well, He gets on well with us, everyone in our class likes him.
★范文2. The Teacher I Like Best
Of all my teachers, I love Mrs. Li best. She taught us English in junior middle school.
he had many ways of making her classes interesting and exciting. She always taught us something new in easy ways. She helped us use English by doing interesting activities, such as, making surveys, playing games, etc.
Mrs. Li was a strict but kind teacher. She often asked us to be on time for class and do homework by ourselves. When we had trouble, she often helped us out.
★范文3. My Chinese Teacher
Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though she has been teaching us for only three years, I respect and love her very much.
My Chinese teacher,Ms Sun is thirty-six years old and she is neither tall nor short. 折works very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.
Ms Sun is very kind and friendly to us. And we're getting on well with each other. But she is very strict with us in our studies.
Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
话题二:毕业,回忆,感恩,幸福 ,助人为乐,烦恼,
压力
1. 回顾初中三年成长过程,你一定有很多感受,从学习, 生活,爱好等方面作出自我评价 ( 毕业 回顾评价){2017中考作文预测}.
★范文
I have studied in my middle school for three years. I have learned a lot. I have learned not only how to make friends but also how to talk to others. I have many hobbies. I like sports. I often play basketball, football and volleyball with my friends. Football is my favorite. Of all my subjects, I do best in English and Chinese. But my math and physics are a little weak. I think I will try my best to learn them well. I hope I can study in No.1 High School.
2. 初中生活马上就要结束了,三年的初中生活一定给你留下了很多挥之不去的回忆。请你给大家讲一个最值得你回忆的故事。包括时间、人物、事情经过和事后你的感想(请不要写出真实的学校名称以及真实姓名)。
提示词语: three years, memories, one of, one day, think, happy/ sorry
★ 范文
How time flies! I have studied in my school for three years. And I will graduate from middle school in a month. I am eager to share my
happiness and sadness with you. I had so many memories in three years' life. One of them impressed me very much.
I still remember, when I began to learn English, I found it too difficult. No matter how hard I tried, I still couldn't do well in it and almost gave it up. As soon as my English teacher found my problem, she had a talk with me about how to learn English well. Since then, she has kept helping me.
Little by little, I've become interested in English and I'm good at it. I think I am so lucky to become one of her students. I've learned a lot from her. I will try to help others when they are in trouble. I think it is a happy thing to help others.
3. My School life ( 我的学校生活)
My name is Beth. I'm 14 years old, and I study in No. 1 Middle School of Hangzhou. My school is very big and beautiful. I'm very happy in the school.
I usually get up at 6:15 in the morning. Then I do morning exercises in the playground. At 6:40, I have my breakfast. You can see many students and teachers in the dinning room. After breakfast, I often read English with my classmates.
We have six classes every day. The first class begins at 7:50 am. I like all the classes for my teachers can make the classes lively and interesting. My favorite subject is English, so I join English Corner every week. I can speak English with many other students there. It's very interesting and exciting. I think it's help for me to learn English well. After class, I always play games with my friends. We play soccer ball, basketball, volleyball, ping-pong and so on. They are very relaxing.
I like my lessons, my friends and my teachers. In a word, I love my school. I find my school life more and more colorful. My school life is wonderful, isn't it?
4. 三年的初中生活就要结束,崭新的高中学习即将到来。回顾过去,你一定有许多成功的喜悦与失利的遗憾;展望未来,你肯定有美好的憧憬和实实在在的打算。请你以―Unforgettable Memories ‖为题,给英文报纸21st Century ―青春校园‖栏目写一篇80词左右的征文。
Unforgettable Memories
How time flies! Three years passed in a blink. Lots of memories left in my head. Teachers, classmates, hard work and above all friendship stay in mind. Looking back, I have gone through either the joy of success or the pains of failure. Teachers are friendly to us in life and always strict with us in study. Classmates and friends help me so much. With their help I‘ve made great progress. But I‘m a careless boy. And I always make mistakes which can be avoided. Senior middle school life is a new beginning and it gives me a chance to overcome my shortcomings. As it is said, ―It is not our abilities that show what we truly are, it is our choice.‖ The two-month holiday will also provide me the freedom to think over and make up my mind to do it better in the future. And I believe I can do it.
2017年安徽语文作文题预测
2017中考作文训练题一
2017中考作文训练题一
1、阅读下面的材料,按要求作文。(50分)
花园里的小雏菊开出了美丽芳香的花朵,路人惊异于它不同于其他雏菊的独特香味,于是问它原因。小雏菊说:“起初我开出的花平凡无奇、香味也不具特色,但我长期沉浸在玫瑰姐姐美好的芳香之中,接受它的熏陶,慢慢的我就也能开出美丽并具有独特芳香的花了。”
其实人也如此,只有像小雏菊一样,才能开出美丽并更具芳香的花。
要求:依据材料的整体语义立意,自拟标题,不少于600字。文中如果出现真实的姓名或校名,请用化名代替。
本题题意即“只有长期接受好的人或事物的熏陶,才能慢慢提升自己,让自己更好地成长”。
熏陶:人的思想行为因长期接触某些事物而受到好的影响,具体体现在思想、品行、习惯上。
扣住“接受好的人或事物的熏陶”、“慢慢”即过程性、“更好成长,提升自己”三点,为一类文,40分以上。
2、阅读下面的材料,按照要求作文。
一位父亲和瘸腿的儿子去参观摄影作品展。站在埃及金字塔的巨幅展品前,儿子被深深地震撼。他问父亲这是什么地方,父亲淡淡地回答道:“别问了,我保证你永远也不可能来到这儿。”
20年后,年老的父亲收到一张照片,背景正是那座依然雄伟的金字塔。拄着拐杖的儿子站在金字塔前,笑容灿烂,神采飞扬。照片的背面写着一行字:人生不能被保证。
是的,人生不能被保证!别人眼中对我们“不可能”的保证,打破它,我们就会收获自信和快乐。
根据材料的整体语意立意,联系生活实际,自拟标题,文体不限,写一篇不少于600字的作文。文中涉及真实的姓名或者校名,请用化名代替。
题意解读:在这句简简单单的话中包含着一种令人感动的人生信念。在我们还很小的时候,就有许多人在直接和间接地安排着我们的人生。我们被告知可以达到什么目标,以及不可能达到什么目标。于是,我们自觉地被那些所谓不可能达到的目标从自己的人生中删除了。然而,当我们克服比别人更多艰难和挫折,把不可能变为可能的时候,我们将收获自信和快乐。
文章有三组写作关键词。
(1)别人眼中对我们“不可能”的保证(认定、评价)。要写清楚别人为什么会对我们做出这样的评价。文中儿子是因为瘸腿,父亲才会说出那样的话。
(2)打破它。写清楚努力打破的过程。
(3)我们就会收获自信和快乐。
写清三组关键词之间的逻辑关系。
3、有一幅漫画,是美国一所大学的广告。画面上有四盏灯,从上到下排列着,每盏灯的后面有一段话:第一盏灯最亮——我有一个想法,去做!第二盏灯略暗——可以做到吗?试试看吧!第三盏灯昏暗——周围的人都不赞成我去做,很难吧?第四盏灯最暗——那就算了吧!
其实每个人的心中都有这四盏灯,它告诉我们,人的一生,无论平庸还是辉煌,失败还是成功,关键在于每个人自己的选择。
请依据以上材料,自拟题目,写一篇不少于600字的文章。文中如果出现真实的姓名或校名,请以化名代替。
4、阅读下面的材料,按要求作文。(50分)
七年级刚入学,小明心想,我已经是中学生了,不能消极等待老师分配任务。于是第一天进班,他就抢着帮老师摆桌凳,擦黑板,第二天又主动承办黑板报。正在为寻找合适的班长而苦恼的班主任心头一喜:班长不正需要这样看事做事、积极主动的人吗?自从担任了班长,小明上台演讲、与同学老师沟通交流以及管理组织班级事务的机会自然而然就多了,说话办事学习的能力大大提升了,他的综合素质得到长足发展。
很多人总在抱怨没有发展的机遇,我们为何不从小明的成长中悟出点什么?
请以“主动”为题写一篇不少于600字的文章。
5、4、阅读下面的材料,按要求作文。(50分)
一小孩搬石头,父亲在旁边鼓励:孩子,只要你全力以赴,一定搬得起来!最终孩子未能搬起石头,他告诉父亲:我已经拼全力了!父亲答:你没有拼尽全力,因为我在你旁边,你都没请求我的帮助!——你全力以赴了吗?回头看看身边的资源是否真的全部为你所用! 请根据对上述文字的感悟和思考,写一篇文章。
要求:依据材料的整体语意立意,自拟标题,不少于600字。文中如果涉及真实的姓名或校名,请用化名代替。
2017年中考作文(写作秘籍)
2017年中考作文(写作秘籍)
技巧1::认真审题,不能丢项。
拿到作文题目,首先要知道要求写什么。例如是写一件事,还是写一个人,还是写一份调查报告等。第二要明确题目中要求的内容有几条,例如要求写一篇游记,那么有如下内容:什么时间去的?和谁一起去的?去哪了?如何去的?做了什么?有什么感受?这就是内容上的六条要求,作文中必须有所体现,一条都不能丢。
技巧2:检查语法,时态,语态是否正确。
语法,时态,语态是一定不能错的,这考察的是英语的应用基础。
语法上要求明确句子当中的主谓一致,句子中只有一个谓语,动词短语的固定搭配(比如enjoy只能加doing,介词后如果要加动词一定是动名词的形式,即ing形式,情态动词直接加do等。),名词的单复数形式等。
时态上要求非常严格,如果出错将比其他地方出错更为严重。判断时态的根据在于题目要求写的内容,如果是纪事性文字,一般用过去时态,有时用现在完成时(看到since/for),如果是议论性或说明性文字,一般用一般现在时(纪事性文字中议论抒情的部分一般也用一般现在时)。如果是一种计划或打算,要用一般将来时。具体题目,具体分析,另外明确这些时态的概念,再去判断。语态上要求也很严格,比如动词的第三人称单数形式,动词的主动语态与被动语态等。
技巧3:句子与句子之间的连词要准确的应用。
连词是让作文连贯的重要组成部分,句子与句子之间的逻辑关系就是靠连词体现出来的。作文是一个整体,决不是一个个孤立的句子,所以必须有连词,但一定根据语意正确使用。常见连词:if, as, for, because, so, however, though(虽然), even(甚至), since, until, 等等(不全,要自己总结。)另外,有些连词不能一起使用。例如有because就不能有so,有though就不能有but等等。连词的应用会让作文提高一大块。
技巧4:使用从句表达(前提为有能力)。
如果英语的基础相当好,那么从句是可以帮助提高分数的重要途径。
初中需要掌握的从句是主语从句,宾语从句,(时间,地点,让步)状语从句,定语从句这四大类。
主语从句,就是主语是一个句子,多数用形式主语it代替,真正的主语用不定式或分词ing形式表达,例如:it is adj for sb. To do sth. 这句中it 就是形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth. 宾语从句就是宾语是个句子。有时用it作为形式宾语。例如:I find it adj to do sth. 这句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是to do sth. adj. 其实大多数宾语从句还是直接表达的,例如:I wonder to know that ……等。
状语从句分三种,时间状语从句,地点状语从句和让步状语从句。只需注意介词的使用,有时要使用逗号。特别的,让步状语从句中的if引导的是状语从句,注意“主将从现”(即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。)。
定语从句是初中比较难掌握的,一般是要求识别,主要在单选题当中考察。但应用到作文中是出彩的地方,明确了先行词,用对了关系代词和关系副词,就可以了。基础在于对定语从句基础知识的理解,明确语法就可以应用了。
技巧5:必须有精彩的结束句。
1)自然结尾,点明主题
随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman (帮助警察)”的结尾可以是:The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是:When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2)首尾呼应,升华主题在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题,深化主题,起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是:I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,而且具有一定的强调作用,可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是:If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中,表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是:I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.
另外,书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语:Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。
句子
祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句,主语you通常省略。
1、祈使句的肯定形式:一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please.
2、祈使句的否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Don't。 Don't be late for class.
3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时,表示建议做某事。 Let me/us Let him/her/them eg. Let's go to school. 注意: 1)祈使句 + and/or + 简单句是常用句型 祈使句 + and + 简单句 表示“如果…,就…”
祈使句 + or + 简单句 表示“…否则…”
eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or we'll be late.
句子的分类:由句子结构来讲,可分为三类简单
一、简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
eg. We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.{2017中考作文预测}.
二、并列句:由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。 eg. 1)I come from China and he comes from Japan. 2)Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find it.
4)She didn't know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher.
5)He's interested in music while John is interested in sports.
三、复合句
A.宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
1、连接词 1)由连接词that引导陈述句,在口语中that常省略。
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句,whether和if 常可互换,但下列场合一般用whether. ①介词后的宾语从句:I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
②与or not连用:I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。 eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、语序:不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,都要用陈述句语序,也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词+主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、时态:一般说来,主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要用其它任何时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴(也就是用一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理,那么无论主句是什么时态,从句都只能用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意:在think后的宾语从句,如果需要表示否定意义,一般不在宾语从句中否定,而是在主句中否定。 eg. I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误) 中考英语作文十大常见错误分析
1.审题不清
如2004年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为"我最喜欢的活动",偏离了"一项、课外活动"这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2.拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3.名词单复数问题:
误My father and my mother is all teacher.
正My fathe rand my mother are both teachers.
误:There are four books and a pen over there.
正:There is four books and a pen over there.(就近原则)
4.缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成,如:"我累了。"这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:I'm tired.
误I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo. 正I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
误The apples cheap. I'll take some. 正The apples are cheap. I'll take some.
5.缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,造成丢分现象。
误Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
正Because of heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
6.代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分;此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可省略的,代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。
误 I do not like she. 正: I do not like her.
7.句子不完整
有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊,所以出现只写半句的现象,这也是造成失分的原因之一。
误Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend.
(这段文章的第二句话没有动词,他不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)
正Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend.
8.前后不一致
所谓不一致,包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等.
例1.When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do(F)
(人一旦有了知识,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致.
改为When one has knowledge, he can do what he wants (to do).(T)
9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误
汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对英语来说,这些都至关重要。例:
误When I get to the station the train leave.
正When I got to the station the train had left.
10.综合性错误:
综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等,以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累,所以考生应该从平时练习出发,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养。
常用连接词:
1.表文章结构顺序:First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…
And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系的:What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition
3.表转折对比关系的:However, On the contrary, but
Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing
On one hand… On the other hand…{2017中考作文预测}.
Some…, while others…
4.表因果关系的:Because, As
So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
5.表换一种方式表达:In other words
6.表进行举例说明:For example,句子;For instance,句子;such as+n/doing
7.表陈述事实:In fact
8.表达自己观点:As far as I know, In my opinion
9.表总结:In short, In a word. In conclusion, In summary
文中正确使用两三个好的句型,如:宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例:I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.
状语从句举例:If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful.
动名词做主语举例:Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.
It's bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.
常用状语从句句型:
1)时间:when, not…until, as soon as
2)目的:so that+clause; to do(为了)
3)结果:so…that+clause, too…to do(太……以至于……)
4)条件:if, unless(除非), as long as(只要)
5)让步:though, although, even though, even if
no matter what/when/where/who/which/how
6)比较:as…as…, not so…as…, than
叙事文常用的句子间连接词:
At first; at last; in the end…
then/next/after that…
when/while/as soon as/not… until…
at the same time; at times; once in a while;
so that
To one’s surprise/joy
2017中考作文系列指导
中考作文系列指导
(2011-11-17 15:45:53)
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杂谈
第一讲 画龙点睛 精心拟题
知识要点:
1、标题是作文的眼睛。如果文章拥有一双迷人的“眼睛”,读者对本文便会一见钟情。
2、“题好一半文”。
3、从内容上看,文章的题目要力求新颖脱俗,使人一见有为之一震的感觉。
4、从立意上看,要“求真求细”“量体裁衣”,力求让拟定的题目能概括文章的主要精神。
考试说明:
近几年来,无论是高考,还是中考,作文命题的思路发生了重大的变化,命题者为考生提供一个开放性的话题,提供了“海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞”的写作自由。那么,话题作文如何为自己的“文章”巧施“脂粉”,使其呈现富有表现力的清新面孔呢?{2017中考作文预测}.
1、巧用修辞 修辞能增强说服力和感染力,能够生动鲜明地把意思表达出来。如:
(1)比喻 《我渴望老师的“阳光”》(四川成都)以“阳光”喻暖人的关爱,简洁含蓄,如将喻体换成“热情帮助”之类,则索然无味。又如《我发现女孩也可以做“太阳”》(江苏南通)、《家,我们成长的避风港》(山西长治),这些设喻佳题也都富于文学色彩。
(2)借代 辽宁大连一位考生紧扣母亲乌黑发丝中的白发展开叙写,揭示岁月无情、母爱无价这一真谛,给文章拟题目《黑白债》,借色彩代本体,又亮出线索,寄托深情。又如《人生需要掌声》(安徽合肥),这一标题借“掌声”代“鼓励”,也很有创意。
(3)层递 《好读书••读好书•读书好》(浙江温州)读书的兴趣、方法和作用在递进中表达得简练生动。
(4)比拟 《小树又快活了》(江苏盐城)《读水千遍真有趣》(陕西西安)前者运用拟人辞格让小树具有人的感情,后者把“水”拟作能“读”之物,用的是拟物辞格。
(5)对偶 《朋友最真,友情最贵》(吉林长春)、《读智慧之书,做有用之才》(浙江温州)这两例都将文旨浓缩在整齐对称的句子中,体现出考生善于推敲的语言功夫。
(6)对比 《躺着读书,站着做人》(浙江温州)“躺着”与“站着”形成姿势上的对比,使得标题包含哲理,令人回味。
(7)双关 《我最需要一剂良药》(安徽庐江)文中“良药”既能治腿疾有能治心病,一语双关,内蕴丰富。
(8)设问 《错?对!》(江苏南京)先问后答,以简驭繁,又穿插标点,构思巧妙。
(9)反问 《中国的教育家,您难道还没发现吗?》(河北唐山)反问中饱含着摆脱应试教育重负的强烈愿望,观点鲜明,言辞恳切。
(10)顶真 《读书乐 乐读书》(浙江温州)《活读书 书读活》(同上)这两例运用顶真兼回环辞格,风趣地展示读书之趣、读书之乐和读书之法。
(11)反语 《我发现了家中的“贼”》(河北石家庄)家中几次“失窃”,“作案者”原来是瞒着别人给灾区寄钱的一家人的三个成员,题中用“贼”,贬词褒用,凸现一家人的高尚品德,幽默风趣。
(12)仿拟 《我是服务的小行家》(湖北武汉)《读书就是爱自己》(江苏徐州)前者仿歌词“我是卖报的小行家”,后者访广告语“爱你就是爱自己”,鲜活生动,点明主题。
(13)引用 《腹有诗书气自华》(浙江温州)、《风物长宜放眼量》(内蒙古呼和浩特)前者形象地表现读书的作用,后者揭示消除“代沟”的思想方法,引用名句作题目,能较好地体现考生的文学积累和修养,给人耳目一新之感。
(14)反复 《“我”为我服务》(湖北武汉)前面的“我”为克隆人,两个“我”重复,设置悬念,新颖醒目。
(15)通感 《绿色可听》(青海西宁)作者沟通视觉和听觉,“听”出了窗外绿色世界的欣欣向荣,视觉独特,别出心裁。
2、善于引用
(1)引用诗词 古典诗词有着丰富的象征意义和内涵底蕴,用它们来作题目,一是不落俗套,二是读者喜闻乐见,富有亲切感。台湾作家三毛的小说《蓦然回首》用的就是宋代词人辛弃疾《青玉案•元宵》中“众里寻他千百度,蓦然回首,那人却在灯火阑珊处”的词句;又如鲁光的《中国姑娘》中,有一段写袁伟民训练女排姑娘时近乎残酷无{2017中考作文预测}.
情的内容,小标题为《道是无情却有情》,就是活用唐代诗人刘禹锡的诗句。运用古诗词或成语典故来作标题,还可以显示出作者浑厚的文学素养和不同一般的写作功底因此,常用的一种拟题方法。
(2)引用歌词 现在的流行音乐中,不少歌曲的歌名、歌词非常优美,借用它们作文章的标题,既显得活泼风趣,又容易把读者带入文章所创设的情境。如一位同学在中考作文时自拟的题目是《因为爱你》,见到这个题目,读者一定会惊讶不已,想不到考场里还有这样大胆的学生!可当你阅读时,发现作者记叙的原来是一段与网络有关的故事,结尾时他又巧妙地引用歌曲里“因为爱你,更珍惜我自己”的歌词,全文可谓浑然天成;《女孩四重奏》讲述的是女生寝室里令人啼笑皆非的故事;《晴天•阴天•雨天》讲述的是自己一天的几次误会。
3、借用符号
(1)标点符号属无声的语言,用之拟写文题,清新活泼,形象生动,往往给人留下广阔的思维空间。如2000年浙江一考生所拟文题为“人生,丰富多彩!”,作者以感叹号为题,语势铿锵有力,形象地表明“人生没有固定的格式”,并点出只要“把握好手中的生活之舵,人生将丰富多彩”这一主旨。
(2)将数学符号引进标题,借以昭示所要表达的主旨,具有直观、醒目、富有哲理、吸引人等特点,往往收到出奇制胜之效。近年来正悄悄兴起于全国各类报刊,话题作文的拟题亦不妨借用之。2000年江苏一考生以“10-1=„„”为题,巧用数学符号组成等式,设置悬念,为读者留下广阔的想象空间,对生活中的“10减1”现象作了多层次多角度的诠释,可谓言有尽而意无穷。
4、其他形式
(1)转换角度 有时我们还可以从反面,或是从侧面来拟题。如《下周我不回家》这个题目就很有吸引力,写的是作者和爸爸消除误会之后,决心少回家,以认真的学习态度回报父母的故事;《第四号戒令》从侧面来写老师对学生的过分约束,读时令人忍俊不禁,读后发人深思。
(2)故设悬念 文章的题目最忌“千人一面”。在标题里设置悬念,把文章一波三折的情节含蓄地展现出来,才能紧紧地抓住读者的心,这种方法简单、易学。同时,一个富有悬念的题目,也会让你觉得有话可说。如《女生传来的纸条》这个题目就很典型:这位女生为什么要给男生写纸条呢?纸条上都写了些什么话呢?结局又会如何?读者一看题目,便有了这么多要弄明白的问题,自然会产生读下去的强烈愿望。又如新闻标题《当列车驶来》也属于这一类。
让文章标题新颖、曲折、吸引人,当然还有很多方法。不过,我们要注意不管用哪一种方法,一定要“不窘于题而又不失其题”,要像孔子说的那样,“从心所欲”而“不逾矩”。同学们若能认真注意到这些方面,必将得到意外的收获。
[1—1] 一位小学老师要学生在方格本上写一个“a”字,要求把这个字写满。结果有一个孩子写了一个大大的“a”字。这个字几乎占满了全篇。老师很生气,严厉地批评了他偷懒、胡闹。
根据上述材料,请同学们谈谈自己的看法,并把看法浓缩成论点型标题。
导思:这是一道拟题训练题。角度很多。
1、你可以就事论事,如:有的同学说:“从小偷懒胡闹,大了怎么得了?”有的同学批评老师布置作业交代不清,标题拟为:“说话要力求准确,无歧义”。有的批评老师教育方法不对,过于严厉,拟题为“要有利于孩子身心发展”。还有的说老师布置作业太烦琐,拟题为“干嘛非写满全篇?”这些标题都是从材料中提取出来的,但都只作了表面文章,十分浅俗,很难给人以启迪。
2、你也可以透过现象看本质,进一步挖掘它的深意。如:有些同学经过深入分析思考拟定了以下标题,如“拒绝框框!”“敢于破‘矩’,标新立异”“冲破束缚,锐意创新”“鼓励创造,发展个性”“独辟蹊径,大胆创新”“刻板僵化的教学模式该废止了”“规矩——扼杀个性的枷锁”“开启智慧的大门”“谁扼杀了我们的想象力?”“是培养人才还是庸才”“不要扼杀个性的萌芽”“这个‘懒’偷的好”“标新立异‘好’”“妹妹你大胆地往前走”等等,都有一定的深度和新意,确能给人一定的启迪。
相信你能拟出有一定深度、一定新意的论点型标题来。
[1—2] 秋天,北京大学新学年开始了。一个外地学生背着大包小包走进了校园。实在太累了,他就把包都放在路边。这是,正好一位老人迎面走过来,年轻学生走上去说:“您能不能替我看一下包呢?”老人爽快地答应了。那位新生于是轻装地去办理各种入学手续。一个多小时以后回来了,老人还尽职尽责地完成着自己的使命。年轻学子谢过老人,两人各自走去。几天之后,北大开学典礼,这位年轻学子惊讶地发现,主席台上就坐的北大副校长季羡林先生正是那一天替自己看行李的老人。
请根据上述材料,拟一个论点型标题。
导思:这道拟题训练题的角度也颇多。
1、如果就事论事,做表面文章,则拟题为:“助人为乐”“平易近人,以身作则”“一诺千金,负责到底”“谦逊为人,长者风度”。
2、如果稍稍挖掘一下,则可拟题为:“开学第一课”“北大第一课”“人间自有真情在”“渊博的学识,高尚的人格”。
3、如果再深一层,则可拟题为:“己所欲,施于人”“不以善小而不为”“可敬的赤子之心”“质朴无华见纯真”“自然心——最高的境界”“金子般的平常心”“难能可贵的平常心”“呼唤平等与博爱”“超凡脱俗境界高”。这些标题赞颂季先生平凡中的伟大是真正的伟大。
4、还可以从赞扬或批评学子的角度立意:“人的尊严与平等”“留住诚信”“没有大人物与小人物之分”“人与人只须平视”“不必仰视,不可俯视”“不必‘惊讶’”,这些都有相当的新意,这类标题能给人以新鲜、深刻的启迪和教育。,
第二讲 抓住关键 审清题意
知识要点:
1、审题是应试作文的关键。
2、审题要快速、准确。
3、审题就是要弄清文章的写作范围和角度,确定写作的重点。
考试说明:
随着考场作文命题形式的演变,考生们除了审视“题目”(材料),还必须对题后的要求反复体会。题目审准了,才会写得切题。
1、审清命题作文
命题作文就是根据指定的题目写文章。在命题作文中,题目是选择材料、确定主题的一个重要依据。文章是否切题,是行文成败的关键之一。
审题要着重注意以下几个问题:
(1)要全面理解题意。对题目的含义要全面理解,辨明题目的要求,把握题目所提示的写作范围和重点。如《初中生活二三事》,题目要求写发生在初中生活中的事,而且至少要写两件。如果写的事情与初中生活无关,或者只写了一件事,就不切题意。
(2)要辨别题目中的精微含义。在全面理解题意的基础上,要注意辨别其中精微的含义,把握住写作的中心。如《学习是青年学生特别突出的任务》一题,就要注意强调“特别突出”这个限制条件。青年学生正处于德、智、体全面发展时期,他们有各种任务,但是比较起来,学习是“特别突出”的任务,不是一般的任务。这是“特别突出”的含义。文章紧扣这些内容来写,就能突出中心,体现题意。
(3)要选择适合题目要求的体裁。命题作文要根据题目的要求,确定文章的体裁。有些题目较明确地表示了对体裁的要求:在题目的首尾有“记”“事”一类字眼,或者题目标明写某个过程、某人事迹等,这就要求写成记叙文。如果题目首尾有“论”“谈”“说”“驳”一类字眼,或者题目明确提出一种主张或一个问题,这往往是要求写成议论文。
2、审清材料作文
给材料作文是初中作文命题的另一种形式。出题者给学生提供一定的材料,要求学生依据自己对材料的分析、理解、融化、提炼,然后据此展开想象,依据要求写作记叙文、议论文或说明文。给材料作文一般有三种形式:纯文字材料作文、看图作文和听音乐作文。这种题型的特点一是考察学生能力的全面性,因为它要求读者看、听、写结合,便于全面考察学生的阅读(看图、听音)、理解、分析、综合、归纳及写作能力;二是对写作范围、题材以至主题有较强的限制,极好地扭转了考试时猜题目猜类型范围、事先准备作文的现象;三是由于给了材料,学生有材料叙述、有问题议论、有对象说明,既减少了学生无材料可写的现象,又能全面考察学生记叙、议论、说明的能力。由于这种题型的客观性较强,便于作文评卷,所以已成为各级考试和竞赛的主要题型。
(1)根据文字材料作文。这类题型所提供的文字材料,要求学生在阅读这些文字材料的基础上作文,有的要求既根据材料又根据另给的题目作文,有的要求作者根据材料自己命题作文。主要有以下几种:有的要求另外作文,包括立论文、驳论文、读后感、思想评论等;有的要求写记叙文、说明文;有的还应用到应用文的格式,如书信等;有的则是不同形式的重组材料作文:续写、改写、扩写、缩写、组写(将几则相关材料组写成文)等。
要写好这类作文,重要的是做好以下几点:
首先,要准确把握文章要点。对所提供的材料,要多读几遍,特别是文言材料,要在翻译无误的基础上多读,读的时候可勾画重要字词;读后要认真分析材料重点及各段要点、人物的主要精神和性格特点、事件的主要意义、言论的主要意思等等。
然后,或者根据材料重点重组材料作文,或者根据材料要点分析其现实意义或象征意义,再结合自己的知识和生活
积累,另外组织写议论文或记叙文的材料,并拟定恰当的题目作文。
(2)根据图画材料作文。这种题型所提供给考生的是图画:或单幅图,或具有相关性的两幅以上的图,要求作文者在看懂图所表达的意思后作文。写作类型有以下几种:对画面进行说明介绍的说明文;对画面所表现的内容进行联想和想象,加上自己“创作”,并将构想的故事叙述出来的记叙文;还有要求对画面所表现的现象进行评判的议论文。这类题型审题中易出现的主要问题也是对材料(画面)理解有误。由于图画表意高度简化,它要表达的内容往往比文字表达得更隐蔽,一切“尽在不言中”,而且有的图画从不同立足点看内容不尽相同,因此,审这类题分析画面、推敲含义就更显得重要。
具体审题也可分两步走:首先细察画面,看人物的神态、动作,看画面其他事物,看它们之间的相互关系。然后展开联想:与社会上的类似的人和事进行联想,在头脑中用语言把画面叙述出来,补出画面简化或隐含的内容,补出人物可能的语言和心理活动,尽可能挖掘出画面的寓意。如是多幅图,还要将他们联系起来思考,理清楚画面意义以后,就可以和文字材料作文一样,将图画寓意与现实生活及自己的看法联系起来作文。
(3)根据音乐材料作文。这种作文形式就是根据播放的一段音乐记叙你听后的感受,它是将听觉转变成文字的一个过程。这种材料作文的难度较大。一要对音乐有一定的理解和领悟能力,二要有丰富的想象力。对音乐的理解和领悟能力表现在能听出一些常见的乐器所奏出的声音,更主要的是能听出音乐所传达的意义。如,当听钢琴协奏曲《命运》时,会有一种激昂奋进、向命运挑战的雄壮气概;当听小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》时,那如泣如诉,凄婉哀绝的乐声令人伤心欲绝;当听到萨克斯管演奏的《回家》时,那种轻快温馨的感觉会立刻溢满心头。这就是音乐的魅力,它源于你对生活的观察和理解能力。