一建怎么样的事情三年级作文

管理学  点击:   2017-02-23

一建怎么样的事情三年级作文篇一

作文 我的

孙家来:“四步”自主探究式作文教学模式初探 (2011-05-19 09:01:09)

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标签:

写作

作文

教学模式

指导

进行

教育

【摘要】新课程标准对作文教学也提出了新的要求和建议,新课程背景下作文教学应做哪些变化,实际的教学中如何来顺应这些变化,本文就这两个问题作了介绍,重点介绍了顺应这些变化而摸索出来的“四步”自主探究式高中作文教学模式的流程、具体操作、主要特征、相关问题的探讨以及所取得的初步成效。

【关键词】高中作文 自主探究教学模式

《普通高中语文课程标准(实验)》关于写作教学的实施建议中指出:“在写作教学中,教师应鼓励学生积极参与生活,体验人生,关注社会热点问题,激发写作欲望。引导学生表达真情实感,不说假话、空话、套话,避免为文造情。指导学生根据写作需要搜集素材,可采用走访、考察、座谈、问卷等方式进行社会调查,通过图书、报纸、期刊、

文件、网络、影视、录像、录音、照片及口述记录等途径获得有用信息。应鼓励学生将自己或同学的文章加以整理,按照要求进行加工,汇编成册,回顾和交流学习成果。还可采用现代信息技术演示自己的文稿,学习用计算机进行文稿编辑、版面设计,用电子邮件进行交流。”这一建议对写作教学的过程作了新的拓展,它要求写作教学应全面关注写作过程;对写作教学的学习方式提出了新的要求,它强调了在写作教学中要关注学生的自主学习、合作探究学习等。

落实这些新理念,我们在写作过程的教学指导上应做哪些变化呢?首先,要把写作指导过程的关注重点放在写作者本身——学生,要让学生去观察、阅读、思考生活,从观察和阅读中去获取素材,形成思想,去学会表达。其次,我们要拓宽作文指导的视野,不应把写作的过程窄化为学生“动笔写”的这一单一过程,不应只着眼于传统的“命题——指导——批改——讲评”的指导模式,而应从素材的阅读、积累,思想情感的酝酿、观点的形成,文章体式、写作规则的习得,立意构思的技巧,习作的评价反馈等全面地加以指导。再次,我们还要把各指导环节联系起来加以筹划。在日常的写作教学中,我们很多老师也注意了指导过程的拓展研究,如:如何指导学生积累素材、如何激发学生写作兴趣、如何进行技法指导、如何进行有效的批改评价等,但实际的作文时,我们往往又将它们割裂开来,如当下的作文与学生平时的素材积累对不上号,既不能给学生实际的帮助,又影响学生作文的兴趣,因此要避免这种“粗放式”指导。同时,要关注“修改”“评价”的指导,减少教师

的无效劳动,让教师有更多的精力来指导学生修改、评判,指导他们加工自己的作品,整理自己的劳动成果,分享写作的快乐。

如何在实际的教学过程中把这些变化加以落实并切实有效地发挥它的指导作用呢?我们近年来根据写作过程的“双重转化”理论,现代心理学的“图式”理论和新课程标准的中有关写作教学的要求,在作文教学的指导上突破传统的模式,初步探索出一种“四步”自主探究式的作文教学模式,下面介绍给大家,以供探讨。

其一,“四步”自主探究式作文教学模式的流程:确定目标,自主发现(学生围绕题目或写作要求,自主观察、阅读搜集素材)——合作交流,自主感悟(遴选材料,酝酿情感)——课堂探究,自主习作(发现写作规则,在规则指导下写作)——自主评改,合作分享。

其二,“四步”自主探究式作文教学模式的具体操作:

第一步,确定作文题目或写作要求,然后布置学生围绕题目或要求去进行阅读或搜集素材。学生搜集素材的活动方式按题目或写作要求的不同可分为:话题式阅读、话题兼规则式阅读、文体规则式阅读、热点现象式阅读、体验亲历。例如本次作文要求学生以“变”字为话题写一篇作文,让学生围绕话题可以通过阅读报刊、杂志,也可以网络视频,还可以通过走访、观察等途径来自主探究发现素材,以获得对

“物”——社会生活的直观印象和作文内容相关的图式,酝酿思想并为“意”的形成做准备,素材的保存形式可以是文字资料,也可以是影像、图片;再如本次作文练习“学习论证”这一议论规则,就让学生寻找一些议论文来阅读并分析其中的论证方法、论证结构等,获得文体图式,熟悉写作规则。此过程中教师的指导作用表现在写作目标的确立,方法途径的指导,学生出现疑难问题的引导。

第二步,合作交流,自主感悟。学生自主获取材料后,以小组为单位进行交流,如自主发现的体会、作文的立意指向,遴选推荐优秀的素材,比较发现一些规律并准备课堂交流。如“学习选取立论的角度”,就可先让学生围绕某一话题去阅读相关议论性的文章,然后小组交流这些文章分别是从什么角度来立论的;再如学生搜集了以“色彩”为话题的相关材料,然后小组交流分析这些材料如何运用、表达什么样的主题,通过什么文体来运用,为课堂的师生交流、探究做准备,并在此过程中进一步提高自己的认识,加深自己的情感体验。此过程中教师要了解学生交流的情况,督促小组长上报优秀素材,为课堂教学做准备。

第三步,课堂探究,自主创作。由学生代表汇报典型的例文,有代表性、新颖性、可运用性的素材,师生共同探究总结,获得相应的写作规则、文体图式,或点燃学生的写作热情,使学生进入写作阶段。学生材料呈现方式可多种多样,可以由学生复述、朗读,可以让学生以书面汇总资料来分发,可以是学生的多媒体演示等。在这一过程中教师要围

绕写作目标相机诱导,帮助学生总结写作规则和适当的技巧指导等,同时教师也应精心准备,根据需要实时地补充,为学生的表达创造条件。如在“学习选取立论的角度”的探究中,事先要学生围绕“专注”的话题搜集相关例文,上课时学生陈述其材料的不同角度,教师引导分析,比较并总结其优劣,最后得出“怎样才能选取最佳角度”,然后围绕题目自主写作。

第四步,自主评价,合作分享。学生作文结束后立即组织学生自主评改,方式可由学生相互批改,由于学生通过搜集材料、合作交流、课堂探究等环节的感知,他们获得相应的文体图式和一定的鉴别能力,加之其原有的基本素质,完全可以对同学的习作做出一个相对准确的判断,然后再小组推荐出优秀习作。课后由轮值的同学和优秀作文的作者共同协作将其展出,展示的方式可多样化,如利用教室的墙壁设置专栏张贴,可打印分发,可传入班级的公共邮箱或班级QQ群,供学生浏览。这样不仅能激发学生的写作兴趣,还能锻炼其综合能力。

其三,“四步”自主探究式作文教学模式的主要特征是自主性、全程性、同一性。自主性表现在关注写作的主体,整个写作过程都让学生积极参与,体现了现代教学论的要求,同时也遵循了写作应有的规律和写作的实际,无论是文学创作还是平时的实用写作,我们尚需要积累素材、查阅资料、酝酿情感、梳理思路,更何况是涉世未深的学生;全程性表现在不止关注学生“动笔写”这一单一环节,把一次作文的指导看

一建怎么样的事情三年级作文篇二

作文范文5篇

2010年6月的四级考试进入了最后冲刺阶段,不知道大家都准备如何啦?这里为大家提供5篇预测作文及范文,供大家学习相关表达,形成自己的模板和拓展备考话题,但注意一定不要死记硬背哦~ 预测作文(一)

My View on Double BA Degree

1. 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见

2. 我对这一现象的看法

【范文】

Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.

Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as

for today"s university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and more expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it

will not be a big problem.

Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.

【点评】

首段直接点题,说明现象;第二段分述三个优点,其中首句为让步状语从句,意思是“虽然可能带来负面的后果,但总体上是有益的”;第三段呼应第二段,得出结论。

范文首段提出大学生读双学位这一普遍现象;第二段分**进行论述,其中前两点是优点,即学生会更加勤奋,并且有利于他们在激烈的求职市场中找到工作,最后一点是解释可能带来的学费问题并不严重;第三段下结论,呼应第二段。

第二段第三句中的stand a better chance(of)表示“大有希望”;第三段末句中的compel sb.to do sth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。

预测作文(二)

Opening Psychological Courses

1. 许多人建议大学开设心理课程

2. 我对这一问题的看法

【范文】

Recently more and more educator and common citizens

suggest that universities colleges open more courses which are helpful for students" psychological health. Personally, I fully agree with their proposal for the following reasons. On the one hand, the ever-increasing pressure of study at the moment and job-hunting in the future may lead to many psychological problems such as anxiety, depression and even despair, and the psychological courses open a door for

communication and relaxation. On the other hand, such courses can teach students how to regulate feelings and emotions under different situations, which is a good preparation for the future life in the complex social network. Finally, these courses also introduce good habits which are conducive to mental and psychological health. To be mature and qualified citizens in the society, students have to do more than study hard.

In a word, I warmly welcome the establishment of

psychological courses in universities. In my mind, they are good for students" psychological development.

【点评】

首段提出主题,其中第二句为过渡句,引出下文;第二段提出**同意的理由;最后一段得出结论,与第一段首句呼应,其中第二句是解释型的补充说明句。{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

范文首段提出许多人建议大学开设心理课程。作者同意这一建议,并分**在第二段中叙述理由。首先,目前的学习以及将来的就业压力需要开设心理课程。其次,教会学生如何调整在不同环境下的情绪。最后,给学生介绍有利于其身心健康的好习惯。第三段总结呼应首段内容。

第二段第一点中的ever-increasing表示“一直在增加的”,修饰两个名词词组,对比鲜明,at the moment表示“现在”,in the future表示“将来”,open a door for„表示“开启了„„之门”;第二点中的regulate表示“调节,控制”;第**中的conducive表示“有益于„„的”,后接介词to。

预测作文(三)

Advantages and Disadvantages of Electronic Dictionary

1. 电子辞典的优点

2. 电子辞典的缺点

3. 我的结论

【范文】

The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years. Let’s have a look at its advantages and disadvantages before drawing the final conclusion.

The biggest advantage of an electronic dictionary is its convenience. Whenever you meet new words or expressions, you

can know the meaning quickly. What"s more, with the development of science and technology, electronic dictionaries are

becoming more and more advanced: they can pronounce the words clearly, provide sample sentences to illustrate word usage and store difficult words for special memorization. Last but by no means the least, electronic dictionaries are becoming cheaper and cheaper, and more and more students can afford them. However, the negative effects are also obvious. To begin with, some students rely too much on the electronic

dictionary—they never put their heart into learning new words and expressions. In the second place, some explanations are neither complete nor accurate, which are quite misleading. Finally, new technical inventions do not necessarily lead to progress in learning. Diligence is always the decisive factor, because "there is no royal road to learning".

Up until now, we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself. The key lies in the user—so long as we can make proper use of it, it can be most helpful to us in many respects.

【点评】

首段提出一个长时间争论的话题;第二段中指出该事物的优点;

第三段阐述缺点;第四段首句下结论,表明此事物本身无对错,第二

一建怎么样的事情三年级作文篇三

怎样学习一建建设工程法规与相关知识

前 言

备考建议

我国建筑管理制度已与国际管理体制接轨,于2002年发文建立“建造师执业制度”。从2008年开始,大中型工程项目施工的项目经理必须由取得建造师注册证书的人员担任。建造师成为建设领域中懂工程、懂管理、懂技术、懂经济、懂法规的综合素质较高的复合型人才,既要求有较高的技术理论水平,也要求有丰富的实践经验和较强的组织能力。注册建造师成为高级工程管理人才的标签。

第一部分 考试特点 知己知彼,方能百战不殆 1.考试性质

是人力资源与社会保障部和住建部共同负责的执业资格考试,不同于职业资格考试。 替代建筑施工企业原有的项目经理资质。

【难点辨析】职业资格与执业资格的区别

2.内容范围

3.题型与题量

4.考试难度

相对不难,但有逐年加大的趋势{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

本科目考试时间为180分钟(3小时)

5.综合特点

第二部分 考生的苦恼与困惑

考生的苦恼与困惑

第三部分 一次通关综合解决方案 颠覆传统 轻松过关

1.如何解决“学习时间不足”

学习计划-三阶段攻略

2.如何解决“不知如何下手”

3.如何解决“专业基础薄弱,学不懂”

颠覆传统理念

【案例形象理解法示例】

【提炼法示例】招标代理机构取得资质三条件 ■有营业场所和资金(有钱) ■有专业技术力量(有技术)

■有可作为评标委员会成员的技术、经济方面的专家(有人才) 4.如何能“记得住”{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

【如何记得少】

一建怎么样的事情三年级作文篇四

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2012年考研英语作文上24分必背句型总结

来源:考试吧(Exam8.com) 2011-11-23 14:52:43 【考试吧:中国教育培训第一门户】 模拟考场

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1.There be结构

1) There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.

2) There is more entertainment in a good book than is a month of typical TV programming.

3) Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever.

4) There were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work.

5) In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain.

6) There are so many of thee paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without is being smashed by one.

7) There is much that we can learn from him today.

8) There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and act on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.

9) There is no sense(道理)in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.

10) There is little sense in treating the child so severely. After all he is too young to know that he was doing wrong.

11) There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well as or better than any other surgeon.

12) There were still situations in which I couldn‟t be certain my decision had been the right one.

13) There‟s no right or wrong in the situation. There‟s just luck.

14) There‟s no way to prepare for the next time—no intelligent response to a gun.

15) There is no way to stop the process of aging. In fact, we can only delay it.

16) There are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise (还有一些迹象表明……)

17) There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow(起伏波动)

18) Today there is evidence that the time between each of the steps in this cycle has been shortened.

19) There can be on doubt that he is the right person for the job.

20) There is no doubt that their support will make a difference in out cause .

21) There is no doubt that these measures will contribute to the solution of the problem.

22) There is no doubt that Jim had more talent than anybody who ever played football.

23) There‟s no substitute(替代物) for practical experience.

24) There is urgent need to debate this issue openly

25) There are tow ways in which one can own a book.

26) There have been some small fluctuation(波动) in the past year, but by and large prices have remained stable.

2.It 结构

1) It is advisable to exercise(拥有) patience in dealing with such complicated situations.

2) It is advisable to place important telephone numbers nest to the phone in case of an emergency.

3) It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter.

4) It is essential that the increase in production should be geared to (适应) the increase in public demand.

5) It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.

6) It is thoughtless of some parents to allow their children to watch whatever program is on television.

7) It is incredible(不可思议) that he ate the big cake just in tow bites.

8) It was obvious to everyone that the marriage would sooner or later end in separation if not diverce.

9) It was clear that Dad could do no more than he was doing already.

10) It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more valuable than medicine.

11) It is certain that with determination and hard work you will succeed eventually.

12) It was quite apparent that both sides were making a great effort to win the prize.

13) It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education an extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rese high in life.

14) It is easy to fall into bad habits but very difficult to break away form them.

15) It‟s not easy to size up (估计) the situation right now. For we are not well informed on recent developments.

16) It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does.

17) It is not wise to change you money into U . S. currency.

18) It was not until about 1600B.C. when the chariot (马拉战车) was invented that the maximum speed was raised to roughly twenty miles per hour.

19) It is only recently that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works

20) It was not until the century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the working of the mind.

21) It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.

22) It was in times of crisis that I finally found out what he was really like.

23) It took the human race millions of years to attain that record.

24) It took a mere twenty-year flick(一瞬) of time to double the limit again.

25) It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth.

26) If it takes less time to bring a new idea to the marketplace, it also takes less time for it to sweep through the society.

27) It will take the council a few weeks to judge the situation before it takes any further action.

28) It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.

29) It is fairly well known that wild animals survive form year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty.

{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

30) It is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.

31) It remains unknown whether there are intelligent beings outside the solar system.

32) It has been pointed out that in 6000B. C. the fastest transportation available to man over

33) It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more w** able to do.

34) It can be argued that such a response may not mean much (有人认为……)

35) It is reported that the electronic industry is going on rapidly in recent year.

36) It is reported that there has been a decrease in the annual birth rate over the last two decades.

37) It is estimated that the total expenses in the trial manufacture of the new products will come to 30,000 yuan.

38) Once it was thought that nighttime dreams interfered with our needed rest.

39) It has been observed that unemployment brings enormous psychological troubles.

40) Even so, it seemed to him that he was part of the whole event.

41) It seems to me that the Americans are a highly mobile people. Most of them like to travel whenever they get the chance.

42) It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her.{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

43) But it is only because it is my work to do so.

44) It is an encouraging sign that people‟s purchasing power(购买力)is on the rise.

45) It is common knowledge that chalk absorbs moisture (湿气) from the air.

{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

46) It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time.

47) It used to be a popular belief the we could foretell a person‟s future on the basis of the date and time of his birth.

48) It pays in the long run (从长远的角度看……) to introduce new technique

49) It is time for out symbols of technology to change — to catch up with the quickening changes in technology itself.

50) It has been only twenty-five years since television came to one of people‟s pastimes.

51) It may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual‟s happiness and sense of personal achievement.

3.动名词或分词结构

1) Improving your study habits will improve your grades.

2) Teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.

3) Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied.

4) Having little in common is a frequent cause of divorce.

5) Owing sets of books is useless unless you read them.

6) Drinking, eating, and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young person‟s health.

7) The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience.

4.递进式结构

1) Fresh vegetables are nutritious(有营养的); furthermore, they re cheaper than frozen ones.

2) We will not only bring joy into other people‟s lives, but also added happiness into our own.

3) But teaching offers something beside money and power; it offers love. Not only the love of learning and go books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for his students.

4) Not only should you limber up (做准备活动) before exercising, but you must also be sure to cool down afterwards.

5) They do not seem to like one anther very much. Neither are they too keen on conventional people (正统的人)

5.主语从句结构

1) What makes it rather disturbing (令人烦恼) was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.

2) But what was most shocking at the time was the thins my release from the charge so clearly depended on .

3) What I remember then is not her failure, but her courage, the courage to go ahead.

6.过渡句

1) This is not necessarily the case, however.

2) We want to keep up with the times.

3) Good intentions alone are not enough.

4) It was indeed the case.

5) But modern research has found that this is not so.

6) But it is now thought that this in not so.

7) What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?

8) As for as I am concerned, some days are lucky while others seem marked by bad fortune.

9) And that last ounce is what really counts.

10) What is the point of being rich? (富有的意义何在呢?)

{一建怎么样的事情三年级作文}.

11) What other power matters? [其他的权力有什么重要的(要紧的)呢?

12) Yet there are advantages to underground life.

7.表示重要性或必要性

1) It‟s important to set aside time for relaxation, hobbies , and entertainment as well.

2) Improved consumer confidence is extremely important to an economic recovery.

一建怎么样的事情三年级作文篇五

兴趣是写作的关键,解决学生喜欢写

兴趣是写作的关键,解决学生喜欢写

(业务讲座稿) 张瑞春

“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者”,兴趣是最好的老师。对于习作教学而言,一旦学生有了兴趣,犹如手中握有进入习作殿堂的敲门砖。这些浅显的道理语文教师都懂得,但落实到具体的教学过程中,都倍感艰辛。现结合教学实践,谈一谈自己的看法

1.习作兴趣尽早起步

习作教学必须从一年级抓起,兴趣的培养也不例外,应激发说的兴趣。首先学生只要敢说、愿说,教师都要及时表扬。说的好不好要逐渐规范,形成一种人人爱说、做过就说,想到就说的氛围。否则,太多的约束和要求会让学生感到畏惧,而不愿表达,因为孩子喜欢这种轻松、无压力的表达。例如,新生入队活动结束后,我立即进行说话训练,说一说入队的感受。因为学生兴奋的情绪正在一个高点上,急于表达这种心情;教师借机练习,激发了孩子说的兴趣。于是在那稚嫩的声音里流露出了孩子们的心声:

生:今天,我光荣地加入了中国少年先锋队,成为一名少先队员,我真高兴! 生:胸前飘着鲜艳的红领巾,我很激动!

生:从现在开始,我要努力学习,遵守纪律,争做优秀的少先队员。„„ 就这样,孩子们天天说,日日说,乐于表现而且力求表达得精彩,渐渐的说已经不能满足他们的欲望。孩子们开始通过日记、随文练笔、读书笔记等不同的形式来展示自己的表达能力。

2、培养写话兴趣

崔峦老师说过:学生一旦对写话、习作产生兴趣、充满自信,习作就成功了一半。写话兴趣的培养,我们可以借鉴内蒙古赤峰市松山区第一小学乌日嘎的经验,下面是她的两点做法。

(1).五彩奖励做诱饵,点燃学生写话热情

为了引发学生写话的兴趣,我搜肠刮肚想了好多办法,在屡次的实践中我发现低年级儿童对实质性的奖励尤其看中,他们特别喜欢红花呀,星星这一类的东西。我问孩子们原因,他们答:得了红花回家爸爸妈妈会表扬。口头表扬他们也是重要的,但是一定不能缺了红花。红花不仅仅是老师对他的肯定,更是得到爸爸妈妈表扬的确凿证据。有了红花,孩子们两头得表扬,从学校到家,从家到学校一路上合不拢嘴。原来红花是“尚方宝剑”,孩子们这么喜欢红花,我又何必吝啬,我一口气刻了四个章:有“红花”,有带优字的”苹果“,有可爱的“笑脸”,还有“你真棒”。顺便宣布了各种奖励的条件,只要写一句通顺的、不带错别字的话就会得到一朵红花,写一小段通顺的话则是苹果,依次类推,最高的奖励是“你真棒”,它相当于五朵红花,起初的要求非常低,孩子们动动手就能做到,稍稍用心就能得到高一层次的奖励,兴趣就是这样在不知不觉之中引发起来的。每天晚上,我都要加加班,认真地批改每一名学生的“写话”,小心翼翼,唯恐印错了章,当然也会不知不觉地、巧妙地提高要求,就这样在周五的“表章”课上,孩子们数着,算着,比着,那份认真劲好比卖了粮食的农民在数钱一样,别提有多认真了。有眉开眼笑的、自然也有垂头丧气的,不过不用担心,“收成”好的唯恐别人赶上来,下一周更加卖力,“收成”不好的暗自下决心,默默地用功。现在,班里一提笔就能写好几页的学生不少,写得自然流畅、文质兼美的也不在少数。学期末,我与学生粗略地统计了一下,两个学期加起来写得多的有十

几本,少的有七八本。高兴之余我给学生每人照了一张相,以教室为背景的、校园风景为背景的,看到他们的合不拢嘴的样子,我向孩子们许诺,如果下个学期写得好,当校园里美人焦开得最灿烂的时候老师为你们拍最美的相片。

我和孩子们有个约定,学期末的奖状不根据期末考试的成绩而是数他们平时积攒的“红花”等奖励。在这些奖励中“写话”上得到的占很大一部分比例,所以为了捧到期末那个“沉甸甸”的奖状,孩子们写得格外卖力。

⑵尊重差异为原则,鼓励孩子充满自信。

苏霍姆林斯基说过:“自尊心和自信心是孩子心灵最敏感的角落,是孩子前进的动力和向上的源泉。”教育者的正确评价可使孩子增强自尊心,树立自信心,使他们获得积极向上的动力,健康快乐的成长。帮助孩子树立起自信,这是让孩子们写好话的一个很重要的心理因素。有些孩子善于表达,但是大部分孩子会出现“嘴”高手低的现象。针对这种现象,考虑学生处于低年级,“写话”以兴趣为主,因此不应该给予统一的要求而是允许孩子之间的差异。在每个孩子的“写话”中寻找他们的闪光点,以及表扬、鼓励,给每个孩子树立自信心,使他们更好的投入到学习生活中去。所以我班的孩子从来没有因为“写话”而受到批评垂头丧气过,到目前为止听到“写话”二字总是眉开眼笑,因为“红花”又有进账了,离期末的奖励越来越近了。写得好的孩子呢?期待着老师的赞美,想象着同学面前的神气样;写的不好的呢?可以得到老师更多的关心、爱抚,又有机会依偎在老师的身边和老师一起读自己的作品,一起动笔修改了。充满期待的写话一次次“起程”,它总是能够满足所有孩子对于“成功”的渴望。我把课堂上展示的机会送给“写话”出色的孩子,把课间休息的时间奉献给“写话”吃力的孩子。所以每每看到“流水账”式的“写话”或者语无伦次的句子我都会利用课间十分钟,把孩子叫到跟前和孩子一起读,一起寻找存在的问题,然后和孩子一起动笔修改,直到满意,给孩子印上红花为止。几年以来我的课间休息时间都是这样在忙碌中度过的,虽然感觉很累,但没有什么比看到孩子们感激的眼神,绽开的笑容更令人开心的了。而且这样的面对面辅导不但给孩子传授了“写话秘诀”,还拉近了我和孩子之间心与心的距离。班里有个叫牟玉熙的孩子特别爱写,近乎一天一篇,可写话水平却毫无进展,经常写一些摸不找头脑的颠三倒四的”话“。孩子自己也特别着急,有时就会在”写话”内容的后面附上一句“老师,您看这次的怎么样?”我真诚的给他写过这样一段批语“你是咱们班第一,因为只有你做到了天天坚持写。老师每天都期待读到你的写话。”“成熟从稚嫩来”我想随着年龄的增长,阅历的丰富,积累的充实总有一天他会写出令自己令老师得意的作品。而目前我最主要的任务是小心呵护他难能可贵的对写话的执着与熟爱。在我的欣赏与鼓励下,像他这样热衷于写作的“自由写作新星”如雨后春笋,散落在“自信”的土地上。有个叫孟令迪的孩子也是特别爱写,写的也非常棒。他放学回到家的第一件事就是拿起写话本,因为写字速度慢,写得又多又工整,所以临睡前还没有完成其它作业的情况时有发生。家长没有办法只好规定她先完成其它作业然后才可以写话,,气得孩子痛哭流涕。还有两次孩子感冒发烧可仍然坚持写,急得家长打电话向我求救。一年级毕业的时候,在我的一再要求下其家长给孩子打印了作品集,可惜做的比较粗糙,孩子的作品收录的也不全。但孩子还是特别自豪。现在她俨(yǎn)然以小作家自居,对自己的要求越来越高了,像他这样编辑自己作品集的孩子我班共有三个,后两位做得特别精致,想出版的小作品,着实引发了小伙伴们的爱慕之心,看到他们这样风光摩拳擦掌也想试一试的孩子不在少数。就这样,写得好的表扬,敢于写的鼓励,不敢写的帮一帮,写话渐渐

形成了一种风气,孩子们越写越好。这正是崔峦老师总结的良性循环的轨道:写话→受到鼓励→更想写→越写越好。

3、培养写日记的兴趣

日记的作用是每个语文教师都无法忽视的,在“作文”即生活的理念下,它的作用更加凸显。因为它记载的是学生的生活状态,是原汁原味的生活。日记的体裁是自由的,内容是广泛的,如何使学生喜欢日记,并从中受益呢?首先应从激发兴趣入手。

⑴起步激发兴趣,引领内容

日记难,难在起步。必须在学生开始写日记时就激发他们的强烈的表达欲望,让他有话写,而且愿意写。我特别重视激发学生写日记的兴趣,并把“如何激发学生写日记的兴趣”作为教研课题,并且通过“日记宣讲”和“优秀日记评选”等活动使学生品尝成功的乐趣。在实践和探索中,逐渐摸索出了一些好的做法,做了一些有益的尝试。2006年3月我接手现在这个班,那时他们是一年级第二学期,刚刚开始学日记。怎样让孩子们一开始就喜欢日记呢?的确动了一番脑筋,我对孩子们讲:“从现在开始,我们的生活中就多了一位不会说话的朋友。如果你能好好对待它,它会永远陪伴着你,忠实于你,它可以帮你分享快乐,分担忧愁。你要想和它成为好朋友,就要每天把自己的心里话讲给它听。”为了让孩子们明白日记要写哪些内容,我设计了一个“日记小朋友问大家”的专栏。向孩子们提出各种问题,如:“日记小朋友问,你最近遇到了什么高兴的事,快告诉我吧;最近校园里发生了那些新鲜事或有趣的事,说一说,我也想知道;你在电视上看到了那些有意思的节目,快讲给我听„„”如此等等。这些问题因时因地因事,几天更换一次。引导学生不断的去注意周围的人、事、景、物,关注自己内心的喜怒哀乐,久而久之,学生渐渐明白了日记就是写自己的生活,写自己想说的话,就是“我手写我口”,“我手写我心”,时间久了,这种诉说自然形成了习惯。

⑵评价注重情感交流,关注心灵成长

学生的写作兴趣激发起来,还要让孩子的兴趣长久的保持,这就得在评价上下功夫。如何评价一篇日记,重要的不是词藻的华丽堆砌,不是句式的灵活运用,而是看学生说的是否真话、实话、心里话。我们当然提倡学运用积累过的语言,但不希望只是机械的模仿、照搬照抄,只有发自心灵的语言,才是最动人的。当然,,不仅仅要关注语言,最重要的是语言背后的东西──学生的精神生活,要关注人格的指引和心灵成长。新城子寄宿制学校的贾英杰老师介绍了她的经验: 我们每周开设一节日记交流课。这节课分为两部分,一部分是交流教师圈点批画出来或学生自我展示的富有个性的精妙的语言,我们戏称之为“××妙语”;另一部分是交流日记中的思想,我戏称之为“面对面”。

在“××妙语”里,我们常常听到孩子们或风趣幽默或质朴无华的话语。如陈志刚同学在“好词佳句身边来”这篇文章写到:“在日常生活中,我们应该随时随地积累好词佳句。可以是读书时积累的,也可以是在看电视时积累的,还可以是在别人说话时积累的。总而言之,你如果遇到什么好的词句,或稀奇的风趣的句子,你就把它抄写或背诵下来绝对有益无害。我就是这样。比如我读课外书把,那天我读到这样一个句子:姓名,与孙悟空同姓,与太阳同名;性别,和爸爸一样。显而易见,让人看了就知道(除非傻子不知道)。跟孙悟空同姓,当然是姓孙了;与太阳同名,那就是孙阳

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