gmat北美范文

gmat北美范文篇一

GMAT作文黄金80题范文(整理版)

新GMAT作文黄金80题范文

(按2010年新题库更正题号；按《北美GMAT范文精讲》删除题目及范文,保留此书上没有的题目及范文) By winnie

一．Analysis of Issue Questions

Issue 2

1. To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.

2. It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.

3. The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.

1， 首先，虽然不愿意，但仍然要承认，自私几乎是天性。self consideration优先。在没有广泛的行动时，每一个国家都不愿意在自己作出牺牲的同时，其他国家没有行动。这样不公平，也不可能达到。这时，领导的作用很重要。安排各国家工作，协调各国家活动。有一个行动的指导作用。function as the leader of the group.

2， 而且，保护资源是全球的问题，指望单个国家作出牺牲是不够的。因为在全球化经济发展下，资源几乎是全球运转的。比如，美国会向中国进口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨国公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，开发非洲的，有很多是欧洲的公司，跨国公司的举动会影响到很多国家的经济政策。nuclear weapons proliferation by the same token(同样道理)

the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.(sample上的句子)

3， 当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用take positive action。因为资源是全人类的，每个国家都有责任并且都有必要。只有将统一领导与各国的积极性作用一起结合，才是最effective的方法。

Optional words:

Sacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost

Conserve/ protect/ guard/ keep/ maintain

Thesis sentence:

To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership.

View1:

International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources. Evidence: OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.

View2:

It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future.

Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient.

Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea . Issue 5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions

and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.

“所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定、分享责任和义务的团队来运作。给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。”

1. For groups and organizations that are stable, it is reasonable to have a flat organizational structure.

2. For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give

one certain person central authority and responsibility.

3. It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all have advantages and

disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion.

1， Admittedly, 在团队中，每个人都应该起到积极的作用take positive action。责任和义务的share可以

激发每个人更加主动motivate the members’ creativity and initiative. 比方说，many companies let the employees to buy shares and stocks.

2， 但是，这样不是说，everyone should be given the power to make the final decision. 首先，天性是自

私的。In many circumstances, the personal goal may be different from or even contrary to the goal of the group. 如果任由每个人作出决定，很可能作出相反的，产生很多矛盾。incompatible conflict. 比如企业中，每个员工都想争取最多的工资，但也许与企业cost-cutting policy想矛盾。

3， 这时候，就需要one person with the authority and responsibility for a project来协调assort with the

different interests。synthesize the various voices of all the group members and make the final decision.这样才能有效地领导一个团队，不会偏离最初的目标stray from the initial goal of the task.

Thesis sentence: it is true that team work is the most familiar functional way that adopted by many groups and organizations. It is also true that every team member should share responsibilities and duties within the team. However, it is hardly true that the absence of central authority that enable everybody to make decisions is an effective way to get work done.

View1:compared with giving the responsibility for a task to one authoritative person, the sharing of responsibilities and duties among team members is a more effective way to get things done.

Evidence: the allocated responsibility and duties give workers the feeling of being important and necessary that motivated them to fulfill their work.

The fact that anyone who dose not accomplish his or her assigned work thus affect the whole progress of the project could be easily detected, gives the necessary pressure to workers that guarantee the efficiency thus the completion of the progect.

View2: the claim that the everybody decision making structure rather than central authority is a more effective way to get things down is unwarranted.

Everybody makes decisions totally no decisions.

Not everyone has acquired the essential abilities such as thorough analysis and foresighted prediction to make decisions.

Issue 8. “For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the

exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。但是，因为最近技术的发展，国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。”

1. Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.

2. Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.

3. It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist.

Optional words:

Thesis sentence: while electronic currencies enjoy their own merits, it still can not replace the entire system of tangible currencies.

View1: convenient, efficient and easy to carry are the exclusive advantages of electronic currencies. Evidence:

View2:tangible currencies such as coin and paper has its own merits and special functions that could not be replaced by electronic currencies.

Evidence: merits: more reliable, more efficient in small sum transaction, more systematically safe; function: collection

Issue 9

1，

2，

3， Personal activities should not be brought to one's workplace since they can reduce one's efficiency. Thinking about one's private life can distract one from his or her work. Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities

at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace.

it is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.

However, it is not a wise choice to let the employees to bring all their private life and personal activities to the workplace. 仍然举上面的例子来说，a mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming. a girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff. so on…

allow personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude on coworkers.(sample) 1， 2，

Optional words:

Separate/ isolate/ exclude

Thesis sentence: I agree with the author‟s point of view towards the relationship between private life and work because bring private life to workplaces has many bad effects on both the one who does so and people around him.

View1: personal activities should not be brought to the workplace since they can reduce one‟s efficiency. Evidence:

View2: dealing with one‟s personal affairs at the workplace will inevitably produce negative effects on other co-workers.

Evidence: Inspirer imitations thus affect the morale and productivity. Working atmosphere, morale, corporate culture.

View3: since sometimes problems of private life will catch people all the time, the supervisors should be more sensitive to their subordinator‟s difficulties, and help them to handle them properly.

Issue 11

1，

2， Every one has faults. We can not ignore one's achievement only because he or she has made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect one's error when he or she achieves greatness in the field. When it comes to which one is more important, the greatness or the faults, the final judgement

should be based on the situation of the certain person. In fact, as far as I am concerned, it makes no sense to make such a judgement.

3， We should give a person fair and reasonable evalluation. It is imprudent轻率的 to say that the

greatness one achieves in one field is necessarily more important than the faults he or she makes. 衡量人们的成就与错误的重要性，本身一直是一个controversial topic。

1， The proponents of this view may argue that 人们不能因为过错而忽视成就。在很多情况下，compared

2， 以上的观点，不代表说，我们可以因为一个人的成就，而忽视他的重大过错。比如Mao, who released

Chinese from the aggression of other nations, and also, who started the “Great culture revolution” in China which brought huge disaster to hundreds and thousands of innocent people. Poet named “Haizi” who is highly achieved in arts and literature, murdered his wife and then committed suicide. It is unfair to take it for granted that any achievement in any field is more important than life.

3， 所以，在很多情况下，成就与过错的重要性随情况变化而变化，没有一个perpetual right answer to this

question. 我认为就这个问题本身的讨论并没有意义，评价一个人的时候，应该collectively and objectively evaluate a person by considering both the faults and the achievements rather than by claiming one of the two is more important than the other.

Optional words:

Greatness/extraordinary/ outstanding/ supreme

Success/ achievement/ accomplishment/ attainment

Thesis sentence: in most cases, a great achievement that one gains in certain field is more notable than the faults he has ever made. However, that does necessarily mean that the former is more important than the later. Moreover, it is severely biased to praise people‟s achievements without even a glance on their faults.

View1: Is almost undoubted that we can not eliminate people‟s achievements just because they have made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect people‟s faults when they achieve greatness in certain fields.

Evidence:

View2: An appropriate judgment towards a person should be based on thorough analysis covering both his achievements and faults. It is arbitrary to say whether great achievements are more important than faults unless the all-round situation of a certain person is presented.

Evidence:

Issue 12

1， 教育是提高一个素质的最好途径。机遇只偏爱有准备的头脑，教育使人有能力抓住转瞬即释的机会 2， 成功的定义应该是全力投入于自己所喜爱的事业对社会有所贡献从而得到物质和精神上的满足。教育

是最主要的为一个个体提供掌握一种技能熟悉一门学科知识的provider，从而才可以有所贡献而得到满足。

On one hand, there is nothing that can be better than education in providing us with all kinds of knowledge and skills for solving different problems in our respective domains. How can we achieve success without those expertise and techniques? Some one may argue that experience and common sense are enough for this kind of concern. However, in my opinion, nothing can really substitute education, while it may be true that the above-mentioned elements are also important in gaining the knowledge to achieve success.

What is more, education can make a person improve morally and purify his or her spirit. In my point of view, morality is also an important element for one’s success, although it is always neglected or overlooked. Dictators, for instance, they are likely to be very intelligent and hard-working people, but they are inferior in ethic. It is obvious that those people can not be considered successful. The best way to make a person moral and respectable is education. It teaches people to tell good from bad; it helps people to distinguish justice form evil.

privilege n&vt property determine access obtain excellent opportunity candidate

1， Education may be always play an indispensable role in getting successful in life. 因为，教育不仅教授

specialized and professional knowledge for future occupation, but also many essential principles and skills in the life, such as insight, virtue and analysis. 这些在高速发展的当今社会尤其重要。

2， 在过去，教育的也起到key role的作用，但是，那时候只有property and money can provide the

opportunity of receiving education. 所以privilege and property were the keys to education, and thus to success in life.现在不同，people have equal opportunity to obtain education. 财富不再能Property can no longer possess exclusively the resource of education. 教育成为了决定因素。

3， 现在的工作岗位employers are more concerned with the real ability of the employees rather than

their family fortune and social connection.更加adequate competition使people with higher education background更容易成功。

Optional words:

Ensure/assure/ guarantee

Thesis sentence:

gmat北美范文篇二

newGMAT作文黄金80题范文(整理版)

新GMAT作文黄金80题范文

(按2010年新题库更正题号；按《北美GMAT范文精讲》删除题目及范文,保留此书上没有的题目及范文) By winnie

一．Analysis of Issue Questions

Issue 2

1. To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.

2. It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.

3. The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.

1， 首先，虽然不愿意，但仍然要承认，自私几乎是天性。self consideration优先。在没有广泛的行动时，每一个国家都不愿意在自己作出牺牲的同时，其他国家没有行动。这样不公平，也不可能达到。这时，领导的作用很重要。安排各国家工作，协调各国家活动。有一个行动的指导作用。function as the leader of the group.

2， 而且，保护资源是全球的问题，指望单个国家作出牺牲是不够的。因为在全球化经济发展下，资源几乎是全球运转的。比如，美国会向中国进口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨国公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，开发非洲的，有很多是欧洲的公司，跨国公司的举动会影响到很多国家的经济政策。nuclear weapons proliferation by the same token(同样道理)

the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.(sample上的句子)

3， 当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用take positive action。因为资源是全人类的，每个国家都有责任并且都有必要。只有将统一领导与各国的积极性作用一起结合，才是最effective的方法。

Optional words:

Sacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost

Conserve/ protect/ guard/ keep/ maintain

Thesis sentence:

To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership.

View1:

International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources. Evidence: OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.

View2:

It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future.

Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient.

Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea . Issue 5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions

and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.

“所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定、分享责任和义务的团队来运作。给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。”

1. For groups and organizations that are stable, it is reasonable to have a flat organizational structure.

2. For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give

one certain person central authority and responsibility.

3. It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all have advantages and

disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion.

1， Admittedly, 在团队中，每个人都应该起到积极的作用take positive action。责任和义务的share可以

激发每个人更加主动motivate the members’ creativity and initiative. 比方说，many companies let the employees to buy shares and stocks.

2， 但是，这样不是说，everyone should be given the power to make the final decision. 首先，天性是自

私的。In many circumstances, the personal goal may be different from or even contrary to the goal of the group. 如果任由每个人作出决定，很可能作出相反的，产生很多矛盾。incompatible conflict. 比如企业中，每个员工都想争取最多的工资，但也许与企业cost-cutting policy想矛盾。

3， 这时候，就需要one person with the authority and responsibility for a project来协调assort with the

different interests。synthesize the various voices of all the group members and make the final decision.这样才能有效地领导一个团队，不会偏离最初的目标stray from the initial goal of the task.

Thesis sentence: it is true that team work is the most familiar functional way that adopted by many groups and organizations. It is also true that every team member should share responsibilities and duties within the team. However, it is hardly true that the absence of central authority that enable everybody to make decisions is an effective way to get work done.

View1:compared with giving the responsibility for a task to one authoritative person, the sharing of responsibilities and duties among team members is a more effective way to get things done.

Evidence: the allocated responsibility and duties give workers the feeling of being important and necessary that motivated them to fulfill their work.

The fact that anyone who dose not accomplish his or her assigned work thus affect the whole progress of the project could be easily detected, gives the necessary pressure to workers that guarantee the efficiency thus the completion of the progect.

View2: the claim that the everybody decision making structure rather than central authority is a more effective way to get things down is unwarranted.

Everybody makes decisions totally no decisions.

Not everyone has acquired the essential abilities such as thorough analysis and foresighted prediction to make decisions.

Issue 8. “For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the

exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。但是，因为最近技术的发展，国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。”

1. Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.

2. Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.

3. It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist.

Optional words:

Thesis sentence: while electronic currencies enjoy their own merits, it still can not replace the entire system of tangible currencies.

View1: convenient, efficient and easy to carry are the exclusive advantages of electronic currencies. Evidence:

View2:tangible currencies such as coin and paper has its own merits and special functions that could not be replaced by electronic currencies.

Evidence: merits: more reliable, more efficient in small sum transaction, more systematically safe; function: collection

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Issue 9

1，

2，

3， Personal activities should not be brought to one's workplace since they can reduce one's efficiency. Thinking about one's private life can distract one from his or her work. Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities

at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace.

it is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.

However, it is not a wise choice to let the employees to bring all their private life and personal 1， 2，

activities to the workplace. 仍然举上面的例子来说，a mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming. a girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff. so on…{gmat北美范文}.

allow personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude on coworkers.(sample)

Optional words:

Separate/ isolate/ exclude

Thesis sentence: I agree with the author‟s point of view towards the relationship between private life and work because bring private life to workplaces has many bad effects on both the one who does so and people around him.

View1: personal activities should not be brought to the workplace since they can reduce one‟s efficiency. Evidence:

View2: dealing with one‟s personal affairs at the workplace will inevitably produce negative effects on other co-workers.

Evidence: Inspirer imitations thus affect the morale and productivity. Working atmosphere, morale, corporate culture.

View3: since sometimes problems of private life will catch people all the time, the supervisors should be more sensitive to their subordinator‟s difficulties, and help them to handle them properly.

Issue 11

1，

2， Every one has faults. We can not ignore one's achievement only because he or she has made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect one's error when he or she achieves greatness in the field. When it comes to which one is more important, the greatness or the faults, the final judgement

should be based on the situation of the certain person. In fact, as far as I am concerned, it makes no sense to make such a judgement.

3， We should give a person fair and reasonable evalluation. It is imprudent轻率的 to say that the

greatness one achieves in one field is necessarily more important than the faults he or she makes. 衡量人们的成就与错误的重要性，本身一直是一个controversial topic。

1， The proponents of this view may argue that 人们不能因为过错而忽视成就。在很多情况下，compared

2， 以上的观点，不代表说，我们可以因为一个人的成就，而忽视他的重大过错。比如Mao, who released

Chinese from the aggression of other nations, and also, who started the “Great culture revolution” in China which brought huge disaster to hundreds and thousands of innocent people. Poet named “Haizi” who is highly achieved in arts and literature, murdered his wife and then committed suicide. It is unfair to take it for granted that any achievement in any field is more important than life.

3， 所以，在很多情况下，成就与过错的重要性随情况变化而变化，没有一个perpetual right answer to this

question. 我认为就这个问题本身的讨论并没有意义，评价一个人的时候，应该collectively and objectively evaluate a person by considering both the faults and the achievements rather than by claiming one of the two is more important than the other.

Optional words:

Greatness/extraordinary/ outstanding/ supreme

Success/ achievement/ accomplishment/ attainment

Thesis sentence: in most cases, a great achievement that one gains in certain field is more notable than the faults he has ever made. However, that does necessarily mean that the former is more important than the later. Moreover, it is severely biased to praise people‟s achievements without even a glance on their faults.

View1: Is almost undoubted that we can not eliminate people‟s achievements just because they have made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect people‟s faults when they achieve greatness in certain fields.

Evidence:

View2: An appropriate judgment towards a person should be based on thorough analysis covering both his achievements and faults. It is arbitrary to say whether great achievements are more important than faults unless the all-round situation of a certain person is presented.

Evidence:

Issue 12

1， 教育是提高一个素质的最好途径。机遇只偏爱有准备的头脑，教育使人有能力抓住转瞬即释的机会 2， 成功的定义应该是全力投入于自己所喜爱的事业对社会有所贡献从而得到物质和精神上的满足。教育

是最主要的为一个个体提供掌握一种技能熟悉一门学科知识的provider，从而才可以有所贡献而得到满足。

On one hand, there is nothing that can be better than education in providing us with all kinds of knowledge and skills for solving different problems in our respective domains. How can we achieve success without those expertise and techniques? Some one may argue that experience and common sense are enough for this kind of concern. However, in my opinion, nothing can really substitute education, while it may be true that the above-mentioned elements are also important in gaining the knowledge to achieve success.

What is more, education can make a person improve morally and purify his or her spirit. In my point of view, morality is also an important element for one’s success, although it is always neglected or overlooked. Dictators, for instance, they are likely to be very intelligent and hard-working people, but they are inferior in ethic. It is obvious that those people can not be considered successful. The best way to make a person moral and respectable is education. It teaches people to tell good from bad; it helps people to distinguish justice form evil.

privilege n&vt property determine access obtain excellent opportunity candidate

1， Education may be always play an indispensable role in getting successful in life. 因为，教育不仅教授

specialized and professional knowledge for future occupation, but also many essential principles and skills in the life, such as insight, virtue and analysis. 这些在高速发展的当今社会尤其重要。

2， 在过去，教育的也起到key role的作用，但是，那时候只有property and money can provide the

opportunity of receiving education. 所以privilege and property were the keys to education, and thus to success in life.现在不同，people have equal opportunity to obtain education. 财富不再能Property can no longer possess exclusively the resource of education. 教育成为了决定因素。

3， 现在的工作岗位employers are more concerned with the real ability of the employees rather than

their family fortune and social connection.更加adequate competition使people with higher education background更容易成功。

gmat北美范文篇三

GMAT作文黄金80题范文

新GMAT作文黄金80题范文

(按2010年新题库更正题号；按《北美GMAT范文精讲》删除题目及范文,保留此书上没有的题目及范文) By winnie

一．Analysis of Issue Questions

Issue 2

1. To conserve the energy is a world-wide project. No individual country is able to do it independently.

2. It is unfair to let individual nations to make sacrifices while the others do not.

3. The best and the most efficient way is the whole wolrd conserve the energy simultaneously and collectively.

1， 首先，虽然不愿意，但仍然要承认，自私几乎是天性。self consideration优先。在没有广泛的行动时，每一个国家都不愿意在自己作出牺牲的同时，其他国家没有行动。这样不公平，也不可能达到。这时，领导的作用很重要。安排各国家工作，协调各国家活动。有一个行动的指导作用。function as the leader of the group.

2， 而且，保护资源是全球的问题，指望单个国家作出牺牲是不够的。因为在全球化经济发展下，资源几乎是全球运转的。比如，美国会向中国进口木材等原料。所以需要合作。大的跨国公司在其中扮演重要的角色。比如，开发非洲的，有很多是欧洲的公司，跨国公司的举动会影响到很多国家的经济政策。nuclear weapons proliferation

by the same token(同样道理) the problem of energy conservation transcends the national borders in that either all nations must cooperate, or all will suffer.(sample上的句子)

3， 当然，这样是不够的，必须由各个国家充分地发挥主动的作用take positive action。因为资源是全人类的，每个国家都有责任并且都有必要。只有将统一领导与各国的积极性作用一起结合，才是最effective的方法。

Optional words:

Sacrifice/ expense/ offering/ cost

Conserve/ protect/ guard/ keep/ maintain

Thesis sentence:

To conserve the energy resources is a worldwide project, however, individual nations have been take the responsibilities of energy conservation initiatively without international leadership.

View1:

International leadership and worldwide cooperation play important roles in the protection of energy resources. Evidence: OPEC is one of the best examples. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, is an international organization of eleven developing countries that are heavily reliant on oil revenues as their main source of income. Since oil revenues are so vital for the economic development of these nations, they aim to bring stability and harmony to the oil market by adjusting their oil output to help ensure a balance between supply and demand. In the long run, the stabilized out-put help to cease the problem of over-refining and over utilization of oil energy.

View2:

It is not idealistic to expect the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy independently. Factors other than international leadership and world wide cooperation have driven individual nations to conserve energy. These countries conserve energy purely for their own benefit in the future.

Most nations in Europe have developed and used automobiles that are highly energy efficient.

Japan is a country naturally with nearly no energy resources, so it make great effort to conserve energy for future generations. An famous case is that Japan once brought crude oil from other countries and buried it under the sea . Issue 5. “All groups and organizations should function as teams in which everyone makes decisions

and shares responsibilities and duties. Giving one person central authority and responsibility for a project or task is not an effective way to get work done.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above? Support your views with reasons and/or specific examples drawn from your own work or school experiences, your observations, or your reading.

“所有的团体和组织都应该作为一个每个人都参与决定、分享责任和义务的团队来运作。给予一个人关于一个项目和行动的集中的权威和责任不是完成工作的有效方式。”

1. For groups and organizations that are stable, it is reasonable to have a flat organizational structure.

2. For groups and organizations that are always confronted with emergencies, it is always better to give

one certain person central authority and responsibility.

3. It is hard to say that one structure is necessarily better than the other. They all have advantages and

disadvantages. And it is a case-by-case discussion.

1， Admittedly, 在团队中，每个人都应该起到积极的作用take positive action。责任和义务的share可以

激发每个人更加主动motivate the members’ creativity and initiative. 比方说，many companies let the employees to buy shares and stocks.

2， 但是，这样不是说，everyone should be given the power to make the final decision. 首先，天性是自

私的。In many circumstances, the personal goal may be different from or even contrary to the goal of the group. 如果任由每个人作出决定，很可能作出相反的，产生很多矛盾。incompatible conflict. 比如企业中，每个员工都想争取最多的工资，但也许与企业cost-cutting policy想矛盾。

3， 这时候，就需要one person with the authority and responsibility for a project来协调assort with the

different interests。synthesize the various voices of all the group members and make the final decision.这样才能有效地领导一个团队，不会偏离最初的目标stray from the initial goal of the task.

Thesis sentence: it is true that team work is the most familiar functional way that adopted by many groups and organizations. It is also true that every team member should share responsibilities and duties within the team. However, it is hardly true that the absence of central authority that enable everybody to make decisions is an effective way to get work done.

View1:compared with giving the responsibility for a task to one authoritative person, the sharing of responsibilities and duties among team members is a more effective way to get things done.

Evidence: the allocated responsibility and duties give workers the feeling of being important and necessary that motivated them to fulfill their work.

The fact that anyone who dose not accomplish his or her assigned work thus affect the whole progress of the project could be easily detected, gives the necessary pressure to workers that guarantee the efficiency thus the completion of the progect.

View2: the claim that the everybody decision making structure rather than central authority is a more effective way to get things down is unwarranted.

Everybody makes decisions totally no decisions.

Not everyone has acquired the essential abilities such as thorough analysis and foresighted prediction to make decisions.

Issue 8. “For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been based on the

exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the entire system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits.”

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

“几百年来，大多数国家的货币制度建立在金属硬币和打印的纸币的交换的基础之上。但是，因为最近技术的发展，国际共同体应该考虑将整个硬币和纸币的系统用存款和贷款的电子帐目系统取代。”

1. Intangible currencies are more convenient than its predecessor.

2. Tangible currencies are safer than its counterparts.

3. It is too extreme to let the electronic system replace the tangible system entirely. We can let they two coexist.

Optional words:

Thesis sentence: while electronic currencies enjoy their own merits, it still can not replace the entire system of tangible currencies.

View1: convenient, efficient and easy to carry are the exclusive advantages of electronic currencies. Evidence:

View2:tangible currencies such as coin and paper has its own merits and special functions that could not be replaced by electronic currencies.

Evidence: merits: more reliable, more efficient in small sum transaction, more systematically safe; function: collection

Issue 9

1，

2，

3， Personal activities should not be brought to one's workplace since they can reduce one's efficiency. Thinking about one's private life can distract one from his or her work. Talking about private life and doing personal activities can disturb other fellow workers. It is inevitable for a person to think about his or her private life and to do some personal activities

at the workplace. But an employee should do his or her best to focus on the work when at workplace.

1， it is true that employees can hardly only work like a machine, that is to say, inevitably, they may carry some personal emotions while working. Sharing the personal interests and activities moderately may help build the positive relationship among colleagues.

2， However, it is not a wise choice to let the employees to bring all their private life and personal

activities to the workplace. 仍然举上面的例子来说，a mother worried about her child cannot efficiently focus on her task even if the deadline is coming. a girl who breaks up with her boyfriend during the work time will probably talk to other fellows about the bad emotion, which may have a potentially negative influence on the productivity of the staff. so on…

allow personal life to impinge upon their job performance or intrude on coworkers.(sample)

Optional words:

Separate/ isolate/ exclude

Thesis sentence: I agree with the author‟s point of view towards the relationship between private life and work because bring private life to workplaces has many bad effects on both the one who does so and people around him.

View1: personal activities should not be brought to the workplace since they can reduce one‟s efficiency. Evidence:

View2: dealing with one‟s personal affairs at the workplace will inevitably produce negative effects on other co-workers.

Evidence: Inspirer imitations thus affect the morale and productivity. Working atmosphere, morale, corporate culture.

View3: since sometimes problems of private life will catch people all the time, the supervisors should be more sensitive to their subordinator‟s difficulties, and help them to handle them properly.

Issue 11

1，

2， Every one has faults. We can not ignore one's achievement only because he or she has made some faults. Likewise, we can not neglect one's error when he or she achieves greatness in the field. When it comes to which one is more important, the greatness or the faults, the final judgement

should be based on the situation of the certain person. In fact, as far as I am concerned, it makes no sense to make such a judgement.

We should give a person fair and reasonable evalluation. It is imprudent轻率的 to say that the 3，

greatness one achieves in one field is necessarily more important than the faults he or she makes. 衡量人们的成就与错误的重要性，本身一直是一个controversial topic。

1， The proponents of this view may argue that 人们不能因为过错而忽视成就。在很多情况下，compared

with the huge achievements, those great people’s faults appear so unimportant as to be forget. 比

Jefferson, many believe, fathered children by one of his slaves. And Grover Cleveland confessed to having an recession…人们往往选择neglect such faults.

2， 以上的观点，不代表说，我们可以因为一个人的成就，而忽视他的重大过错。比如Mao, who released

Chinese from the aggression of other nations, and also, who started the “Great culture revolution” in China which brought huge disaster to hundreds and thousands of innocent people. Poet named “Haizi” who is highly achieved in arts and literature, murdered his wife and then committed suicide. It is unfair to take it for granted that any achievement in any field is more important than life.

3， 所以，在很多情况下，成就与过错的重要性随情况变化而变化，没有一个perpetual right answer to this

question. 我认为就这个问题本身的讨论并没有意义，评价一个人的时候，应该collectively and objectively evaluate a person by considering both the faults and the achievements rather than by claiming one of the two is more important than the other.