快速阅读题目 点击： 2013-07-16
2015年GRE作文考试出现最多的题目
2015年GRE作文考试出现最多的题目
2015年总共举办了24场GRE考试，今天天道留学小编给大家整理了2015全年的GRE的写作真题，及话题分布，issue和argument的考试情况，希望对大家的备考有帮助。
我们先看一下总体的情况，通过今年的24场考试，GRE考试呈现了三个比较明显的特点。第一就是考试的题目类别比较全。在之后的总结中你会发现GRE写作的issue和argument在素材类别上非常完整。另外一点就是，你会发现往常的GRE低频题目在今年，特别是下半年出现的次数非常多。因此，传统的利用高频题备考的策略在现在以及即将开始的2016年上半年的形势下看来，可能要稍微调整一下。第三个特点就是GRE写作评分日趋严格，这对于同学们在作文方面备考，应该说提出了更大的挑战。
下面我们就分别来谈一下这三个问题。我们会从三个小的标题来谈。第一，我们谈一下issue在这三方面的体现;第二，我们谈一下argument;最后我们就评分单独来说一下。
GRE考试issue写作
我们先来看第一个小问题，那就是issue的部分。issue这一部分第一个特点是issue写作的九个类别今年都有出现。这九个类别是我们按照题材把题目做的划分。这九个分类包括为内容包括教育类，学习类，行为类，政治类，科技类，传媒类，社会类、历史类、环境类等等。
我们发现在2015年一整年的GRE考试中，这九个类别没有任何一个类别落下。每一个类别都出现了。即便是我们之后谈到的出现次数最少的类别，比如环境类，也至少出现了一道题。所以，在备考GRE的时候，假定你不按照我们总结的出题高频与否来备考的话，我觉得比较全面的备考应该是九个类别每个类别都挑选一个题目，做整篇文章从提纲到文章的准备，我觉得这个是必须的。 为什么?因为同学们现在备考GRE作文的时候，一定要去想象一下我们的竞争对手是谁。第一个最大的竞争对手就是那些native speaker，也就是与你们同龄，但是来自美国本土的这些学生。对这一部分考生，你们一定要重视。
第二部分竞争对手就是那些在美国上学的中国学生，他们有可能是高中去的美国，有可能是大学本科过去的，现在他们跟你们在同一个战场上，但却是从不同的起点出发来冲刺GRE考试。所以对你们来说，一次积极全面的GRE写作备考应该是九个类别每个类别都去写一写，这样从素材角度你们才能够充分准备。
另外从练习的角度来看，写九篇文章来应付这个考试，我觉得属于最基础的指标。有的同学问，那应该写多少篇呢?我觉得多多益善。一般我们建议大家练20篇文章。为什么我们首先将文章类型分成九类?这是因为很多同学总是以为GRE作文的分数偏小，分值是六分，就觉得这个分数不重要，这个考试很简单。最后导致考试分数下来以后并不理想。所以在这儿我们说，大家在2016年备考GRE写作的时候，应该是九个类别每一个类别都应该有那么一道题，大家对它做全面的练习。
第二，我们从总体的出题数量和频次来看的话，issue出现频率最高的类别仍然是教育类。为什么教育类在历年考试当中都被当作一个出题重点?第一，主要体现考试的中立性，unbiased。因为出
这种题目学生投诉的几率是最低的。比如，你出了一道政治类的题目：“挑战权威，对于社会福利的提高有没有帮助?”这道题今年仍然出了很多次，但也不像教育类题目那样整体出现很多次。如果出现了这么一道挑战权威的题目，很显然，学过政治学、社会学的同学应该知道马克斯韦伯这个人，他把权威分成了传统权威、法理型权威和克里斯马权威。如果你有这个知识背景，把这道题目的解答分解为三段，完全可以用非常专业化的方式来应考。但是对于那些不是政治学、社会学专业的考生，这道题就是biased。所以教育类这个类型的题目出得比较多就是避免了很多专业上的偏好，避免考试中学生专业背景所带来的差异。另外一点原因就是，教育类虽然是人们投诉最少的一类题目，但同时也是挑战最低的。这个意思就是所有的学生都有教育经历，所以在教育方面都会有话可说。那在大家思路准备都很充分的情况下，考的就是语言能力了。这就是我们所要说的：考得最多的类别是教育。
考得最少的类别是环境。 我们从题库总量来看，环境类别的题目也比较少，总共就两道题，去年考了其中的一道。实际上，环境类问题是托福里面考得比较多的。托福里面会考察你的个人性格养成，考察环境问题，考察你身边商场开了对你的家庭有什么影响。这些我们在托福里面耳熟能详的题目，实际上在GRE考试中相应地逐渐在减少。因为它毕竟是GRE考试，它要逐渐地提升考察内容的层次，它涉及到教育、社会政治方面的问题，可能是要提升到大学这个层次，和你的年龄段相匹配。
第三，issue部分今年出现最多的一道单题。叫做great nation，这道题目的原题说的是一个国家的伟大程度，到底是由精英的成就决定的，还是由大众福利的水平决定的。这道题总共考了4遍，体现出了之前说过的GRE考试题目类型的成年化倾向，和整个考试中不断增强的人文humanity倾向。所以在你们备考GRE写作的过程中，老师向大家推荐两本备考书目，一本备考书目是以色列耶鲁撒冷大学历史系的一本教材，叫做《人类简史》;第二本书就是美国的社会学的一本教材，我们选取的是麦修尼斯这个版本的《社会学》。
在人文素养方面，同学们肯定要多少读一些书目。没有这方面的社会学基础或者是历史学基础的话，很多题目拿到手上要想破解，实际上是比较困难的。
那么出现最少的一个题目是什么呢? 是在今年的8月底的时候，在暑假期间，GRE增加了两道argument和一道issue的新题，这道issue新题是，“我们是不是可以通过调整消费者扔垃圾的费用来解决由消费者引起的一些环境污染问题?”这道题只出现了一次，但同时也是一个非常重要的信号。
在去年进行GRE和GMAT写作年终盘点的时候，我就指出在GRE和GMAT考试在竞争过程中，GRE在不断的向GMAT挑战，不断向GMAT的领域去拓展。GMAT主要是针对商学院的考试，GRE是针对于研究生院的考试，而GRE现在在不断地纳入一些商学院考察的题目。比如，GMAT考试中的作文原本也有issue和argument两篇，但它在改版过程中，把issue去掉了，只保留了argument。而过去GMAT的issue题目(题目举例：一个员工是不是要对他进行360度审查?)则有可能出现在GRE考试中。由于GRE要与GMAT竞争一部分商学院的认可，我相信如果考试模式不变的情况下，GRE的issue部分仍然会不断地引入GMAT的这些issue题目，丰富学生的商学背景。这样的话，在跟商学院做marketing的时候就比较好说了，它可以说我的学生也写过商学院相关的题目。
所以我相信在未来的2016年中，GRE会逐渐地尝试加入一些类似的新题，但是目前步骤是比较缓慢的。因为整个ETS的做事风格就是比较慢，而且比较纠结。那我们就静观其变，总之大的方向是这个方向。
GRE考试argument写作
下面我们再来看GRE argument的情况。argument我们把他分为了四大类别，这四个类别分别就是科学、教育、商业和政府。 我们把总结的题目数量分布跟大家说一下：我们的总题库，老师把重复的题目合并之后，总共有84个题目。84个题目再补上今年新增的两个题目就是86个题目。目前的题目大概分布是商业40道，政府是20道，科学类是15道，教育类的是9道。新增的两个题目我们可以把他放到商业这个类别。那换句话说，商业实际上是42道。关于2015年各个类别在考试中的题目数量，老师做了一个简单的统计。
Sci: 14/15
Edu: 7/9
Biz: 21/40(+2)
Gov: 10/20
大家可以看到，科学类总共有15道题，在2015年的时候总共考了14道题目。当然这14道题里面有些题目是有重复的，重复两到三次。但是如果宽泛地来看，科学类的题目成为出题频率最高的一个类别。这个信号说明了什么?科学15道题，我在上课时讲过，经常叫做15道必死题——“考前不看，考试必死”。比如，在我们新GRE改版之后，题目当中出现的唯一一道新题，恒河猴这道题。这道题实际上就是主要从科学研究的方法角度，对大家做一个考察。同学们一定要注意到，GRE考试毕竟是针对研究生院的一项考试，所以对于实验方法、研究方法这些方面的考察永远不会放低。 第二，我们总的GRE题库在教育类被剪裁得很大，教育类从我们老题库一共242道题的规模减到今天的86个题目，减少了三分之二。教育类题目虽然减少了很多，但是在出题频率方面，总共九个教育类题目却出了七次。这仍然体现了跟issue类似的想法：内容中立，把考试的重心转向语言。 接下来我们来看商业类题目。商业类题目40道题考了21道，在我们的argument部分，原本就占有优势。这其实就体现了我们之前讲的在GRE跟GMAT的竞争里面GRE本身argument这方面的基础就比较牢，它在issue方面涉及商业的题目比较少，所以它会去增加，而argument目前这个题量就足够了。
最后一个类别是政府相关的。政府相关的题目实际上是跟公共管理相关的。政府类总共有20道题目，去年出了10道题占到了一半的比例，跟商业差不多。老师相信我们总结的这个趋势还会延续一段时间。在2016年的上半年，同学们可以先把科学类、教育类作为备考重点。商业、政府类题目比较多，如果你的时间实在不够的话，同学们可以关注我们的网站gre.xdf.cn，并参加老师的点题班的课程。我们可以随着每期考试的GRE点题班课程，再来做细微的调整。
我们年度高频题是哪道题呢?pancake，happy pancake，幸福烧饼店(2015年最后一场考试又是这道题)。这道题在我的强化班上是argument的第一道题目,该题目在历史上也是重点。而这道题本身并不难，这就再次体现了老师刚才说的，GRE考试的思路不在于题目问题本身的难度。如果真要考难题的话，那为什么不用过去的老GRE的242道argument，243道issue题目，这485道题目去扩容呢?它没有这么做。它将题量整个减少了三分之二，更关注的是大家写作方面的能力。
低频题方面，低频单题众多。这个issue中也有类似趋势，但是argument更明显。什么叫做低频单题众多?老师举了一个例子，46题在探讨一个地区的健康程度与这个地区的电脑使用率之间的关系，这一题在两年当中只出现了一次。什么概念?在两年近50场考试当中，只出现了一次。低频题众多以后会是一个短期的趋势，特别是从2015年的下半年开始。这是从宏观上来讲，同学们要想从微观上更多了解低频题，可以参加老师的GRE点题班。我会讲解关于低频题的一些预测，这样也可以帮助同学们减轻备考压力。
以上内容就是天道小编为大家带来的2015年GRE写作考试的真题介绍，希望可以帮助各位同学门缩小备考范围，直击重点。天道小编预祝大家在接下来的GRE考试都能取得满意的成绩。更多GRE考试相关信息请关注天道教育GRE频道。
2015年GRE作文官方新增考题
2015年GRE作文官方新增考题
正在备考GRE考试的考生请注意啦，2015年GRE作文官方对Issue和Argument分别扩充了几道题目，小编为考生汇总如下，希望考生可以按照最新的题库进行复习，以免因为疏忽而错失获得高分的机会。
一、2015年GRE作文官方issue新增考题及分析
新赠题目编号：150
Some people believe that corporations have a responsibility to promote the well-being of the societies and environments in which they operate. Others believe that the only
responsibility of corporations, provided they operate within the law, is to make as much money as possible.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
1.题目中文翻译
有人认为，公司有责任促进所在社会的福祉和环境。也有人认为，公司唯一的责任就是，在不违反法律的前提下多赚钱。
2.参考提纲
可供参考老题库152. “The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies.”公司的经营者们唯一的责任就是在法律规定范围之内为他们的公司赚尽可能多的钱。
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a.英文提纲
1. On the one hand are convincing arguments that profit maximization within the bounds of the law should be a business executive’s sole responsibility. First, imposing on businesses additional duties to society in which they operate can, paradoxically, harm that society.
2. Secondly, by affirming that profit maximization within legal bounds is the most ethical behavior possible for business, more private enterprises and individuals will be encouraged enter the marketplace in the quest of profits.
3. On the other hand are compelling arguments for holding business executives to certain responsibilities in addition to profit maximization and to compliance with the letter of law.
B.中文提纲
1.为公司赚钱的确是corporate executives的responsibility之一，因为一个要发展下去是离不开钱的(给员工发工资需要钱，为公司作宣传打广告要钱，开发新产品新技术要钱，国家经济的发展也需要各个企业能够有盈利。比如WAL-MART的盈利带来了就业，也给国家带来了税收，这个税收可以是更多人获益。
2. 但是，有时会放弃眼前的利益，将大笔资金投入长期项目，for the long run。这是为了一个公司能够长久的发展下去。比如，很多大公司都会投入大量的人力和财力进行新产品的研发
3. 同时，赚钱不是唯一responsibility， 对企业自身来说，give employees motives, 给员工提供良好的工作环境，为员工塑造融洽的人际关系氛围，给予员工发展和成长的机会。【这里引用赫茨伯格的双因素激励理论】对与社会来说，一个公司属于社会的一部分，所以除了赚钱，corporate executives 还有责任回报社会，做一些慈善事业【charity undertaking】取之于民，用之于民。这样不仅可以树立地址：北京市海淀区海淀北二街8号中关村SOHO A区 2层
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公司良好的社会形象，还可以帮助需要帮助的人。而且也体现社会对弱势群体的关注。
企业使用了一部分社会资源，如：污染、有限的能源、人力资本，有责任为社会承担责任。如：帮助治理污染、开发先进的节能设备。
新赠题目编号：151
Some people claim that the goal of politics should be the pursuit of an ideal. Others argue that the goal should be finding common ground and reaching reasonable consensus. Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
1.题目中文翻译
一些人认为政治的目的应该是追求理想，其他人则认为目标应该是找到共同点以达成合理的共识。
2.写作思路
要求写出议论文陈述自己的观点：哪一点更接近你的想法并解释说明，对题干中提及的双方观点也都需要进行必要的阐释。
新赠题目编号：152
The best way to solve environmental problems caused by consumer-generated waste is for towns and cities to impose strict limits on the amount of trash they will accept from each household.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the 地址：北京市海淀区海淀北二街8号中关村SOHO A区 2层
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claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
解决由于消费者产生废物而引起城镇和城市环境问题最好的方式是，是要严格限制每个家庭所产生的垃圾量。
二、2015年GRE作文官方argument新增考题
新赠题目编号：175.
The following appeared as a letter to the editor from the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.
"Two years ago the city council voted to prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. They claimed that skateboard users were responsible for litter and vandalism that were keeping other visitors from coming to the plaza. In the past two years, however, there has been only a small increase in the number of visitors to Central Plaza, and litter and vandalism are still problematic. Skateboarding is permitted in Monroe Park, however, and there is no problem with litter or vandalism there. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory, then, we recommend that the city lift its prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the
recommendation.
1.写作思路
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第一点：两年前的prohibition是否真正有力实施，a small increase 到底是多少，表达太模糊“still problematic”的具体情况怎样，和两年前相比，问题真的没有减少吗; no problem about MP具体情况怎样?真的没有任何问题吗?
第二点：对于CP，游客减少真的是因为prohibiting skateboarding，没有其它原因吗?即使the problems are still amazing, the problems of CP没有其它原因吗?对于MP, MP在允许
skateboarding时，没有其它措施吗?
第三点：CP以前的glory具体情况怎样?CP 与MP情况完全一致吗?
新赠题目编号：176.
The following appeared as part of an article in a Dillton newspaper.
"In an effort to bring new jobs to Dillton and stimulate the city's flagging economy, Dillton's city council voted last year to lower the city's corporate tax rate by 15 percent; at the same time, the city began offering generous relocation grants to any company that would move to Dillton. Since these changes went into effect, two new factories have opened in Dillton. Although the two factories employ more than 1,000 people, the unemployment rate in Dillton remains unchanged. The only clear explanation for this is that the new factories are staffed with out-of-town workers rather than Dillton residents."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
新赠题目编号：177.
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新GRE作文ARGUMENT官方题库+翻译
This page contains the Argument topics for the Analytical Writing section of the GRE®revised General Test. When you take the test, you will be presented with one Argument topic from this pool.
Each Argument topic consists of a passage that presents an argument followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to analyze the argument. The wording of some topics in the test might vary slightly from what is presented here. Also, because there may be multiple versions of some topics with similar or identical wording but with different task instructions, it is very important to read your test topic and its specific task directions carefully and respond to the wording as it appears in the actual test.
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Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such
a"Palean"basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no
Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
一种具有独特花纹的编织篮子以前只在史前村庄Palea的临近地区发现过，因而被认为是Palea居所独有的。然而最近，考古学家在一个与Palea隔着一条叫做Brim河的村庄Lithos发现了一个这样的Palea篮子。Brim河很深很宽，所以古代Palea人只能坐船穿过它，但没有证据表明Palea人拥有船只。这表明那种所谓的Palea篮子并不是那里所独有的。
1) the author fails to consider the possibility that the Palean may arrived in Lithos through other means
2) the Palean basket could arrive other place through many possible methods such as trade, or boats
possessed by other culture.
3) In Palean times, the Brim River may not be as deep and broad as it is currently.
4) This may also result from migration. 5) 没有证据表明palea和brim是同时期存在的，不同时期情况更复杂
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2)
The following appeared as part of a letter to the editor of a scientific journal.
"A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkeys provides clues as to the effects of birth order on an individual's levels of stimulation. The study showed that in stimulating situations(such as an
encounter with an unfamiliar monkey),firstborn infant monkeys produce up to twice as much of the hormone cortisol, which primes the body for increased activity levels, as do their younger siblings. Firstborn humans also produce relatively high levels of cortisol in stimulating situations (such as the return of a parent after an absence).The study also found that during pregnancy, first-time mother monkeys had higher levels of cortisol than did those who had had several offspring."
Write a response in which you discuss one or more alternative explanations that could rival the proposed explanation and explain how your explanation(s) can plausibly account for the facts presented in the argument.
最近一项对恒河猴的调查揭示了出生顺序对于个体刺激水平的影响。调查显示在受到刺激的环境下（例如遇到一个不熟悉的猴子），头胎小猴的皮质醇分泌会翻倍，这样增加了它及其兄弟姐妹的身体灵活度。人类的头胎孩子在遇到刺激（例如父母外出回家）时也会分泌出相对浓度的皮质醇。研究同时还发现在怀孕期间，第一次为人母的猴子的皮质醇要比生过几次孩子后的猴子水平高很多。
1) 任何猴子不是一类，不能归于一谈
2) 产生皮质醇的原因可能是由于害怕等因素而非出生顺序
3) 产生皮质醇可能是由于害怕等等因素而非出生顺序
4) 样本的数量和真实性、代表性作者没有说明 5) 母猴体内皮质醇水平跟小猴体内皮质醇水平没有直接关系
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3)
The following appeared as a letter to the editor from a Central Plaza store owner.
"Over the past two years, the number of shoppers in Central Plaza has been steadily decreasing while the popularity of skateboarding has increased dramatically. Many Central Plaza store
owners believe that the decrease in their business is due to the number of skateboard users in the plaza. There has also been a dramatic increase in the amount of litter and vandalism throughout the plaza. Thus, we recommend that the city prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. If
skateboarding is prohibited here, we predict that business in Central Plaza will return to its previously high levels."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
过去两年中，中心广场的顾客数量稳步下降与此同时滑板却急剧增加。很多中心广场的店主认为顾客数量下滑是由于玩滑板人数的增加。同时整个广场废弃物和公物损毁也大大增加。因此，我们建议应该在中心广场禁止玩滑板。如果禁止的话，我们估计中心广场的生意将会恢复到以前的水平。
1) 过去“两年”，时间太短使得数据不具说服性
2) 没有证据表明顾客数量的下降与skateboarder的增加有直接关系
3) 仅仅是店主的看法不具有参考价值，应该调查顾客等更多人的看法
4) 废弃物和公务损坏的增加也会是顾客数量下降的原因
5) 没有证据表明废弃物和公务损坏的增加是skateboarder造成的
171)
The following appeared as a letter to the editor from the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.
"Two years ago the city voted to prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. They claimed that skateboard users were responsible for the litter and vandalism that were keeping other visitors from coming to the plaza. In the past two years, however, there has only been a small increase in the number of visitors to Central Plaza, and litter and vandalism are still problematic.
Skateboarding is permitted in Monroe Park, however, and there is no problem with litter or
vandalism there. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory, then, we recommend that the city lift its prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
两年前，市里投票禁止了在中央广场玩滑板。他们认为是滑板爱好者的废弃物和损毁公物的行为使游客远离了广场。然而在过去两年中，中央广场的游客却只有少数增加，而且废弃物和损毁公物的行为依然存在。滑板运动在M公园就被允许，但是那里却没有任何的废弃物和损毁公物的行为。为了能让中央广场重新焕发生机，我们建议市里应该取消广场禁止滑板的限令。
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4)
The following appeared in a letter from a homeowner to a friend.
"Of the two leading real estate firms in our town—Adams Realty and Fitch Realty—Adams Realty is clearly superior. Adams has 40 real estate agents; in contrast, Fitch has 25, many of whom work only part-time. Moreover, Adams' revenue last year was twice as high as that of Fitch and included home sales that averaged$168, 000, compared to Fitch's$144,000.Homes listed with Adams sell faster as well: ten years ago I listed my home with Fitch, and it took more than four months to sell; last year, when I sold another home, I listed it with Adams, and it took only one month. Thus, if you want to sell your home quickly and at a good price, you should use Adams Realty."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
在本市的两家最大的房地产经纪公司--Adams Realty和Fitch Realty--之中，Adams显然更优秀一些。Adams有40名房地产经纪人，而Fitch只有25个，且很多是兼职工作。而且，Adams去年的收入是Fitch的两倍，其平均房价为$168000，而Fitch仅为$144000。在Adams销售的房屋卖得也更快：十年前，我把我的房产交给Fitch，它用了四个多月才卖出去；去年，我在Adams卖了另一处房产，仅用一个月就售出了。因此，要想让你的房产卖的更快更好，你应该选择Adams。
1) A的收入是F的两倍，但没有数据显示A售出房产的数量是F的两倍，所以很可能A收取了较
高的中介费
2) A的房价比F高没有考虑到房产的净价值，可能A的房产本来就价值高，所以售价较高
3) 十年前的数据不能跟去年的数据比较，不具可比性
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular form of transportation, the population increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island should limit the number of mopeds rented by the island's moped rental companies from 50 per day to 25 per day during the summer season. By limiting the number of rentals, the town council will attain the 50 percent annual reduction in moped accidents that was achieved last year on the neighboring island of Seaville, when Seaville's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
b岛的人口在夏季达到了100000，而助力车则是岛上一种非常普遍的交通方式。为了减少由助力车和行人引发的事故，b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量，从原来的每天50量减少到25量。通过限制出租数量，市政府将会实现助力车事故减少50％的目标，就像去年邻近s岛市政府在实施了同样的政策后所取得的效果。
1) 没有证据显示岛上的人车交通事故是因为助力车造成的，原因可能主要是由于行人的不遵守交通规则造成。
2) 即使是降低了50%的数量，也不意味着会降低50%的事故啊，可能车少了开的就会更快，反而会增加事故的严重性
3) 岛上助力车租赁公司的租车数量占的比例多吗?减少会明显改变岛上助力车的总量吗？
4) 没有证据显示助力车过多造成了事故，作为主要的交通工具，可能正是因为助力车在夏季过少， 才导致大多数人不得不走路，而更多的人走到了助力车道，造成交通事故，加大助力车的投入可能还会减少事故的发生
5) 在s岛上产生的效果不一定在b岛产生
159)
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"The population on Balmer Island increases to 100,000 during the summer months. To reduce the number of accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians, the town council of Balmer Island plans to limit the number of mopeds rented by each of the island's six moped rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day during the summer season. Last year, the neighboring island of Torseau
enforced similar limits on moped rentals and saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents. We predict that putting these limits into effect on Balmer Island will result in the same reduction in moped accidents."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the prediction and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the prediction.
b岛的人口在夏季达到了100000，而助力车则是岛上一种非常普遍的交通方式。为了减少由助力车和行人引发的事故，b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量，从原来的每天50量减少到25量。去年邻近T岛市政府通过限制出租数量，助力车事故减少50％的。我们预计B岛的相同限制也同样会起到效力并使助力车事故降低50%。
173)
The following appeared in a letter to the editor of the Balmer Island Gazette.
"The population on Balmer Island doubles during the summer months. During the summer, then, the town council of Balmer Island should decrease the maximum number of moped rentals
allowed at each of the island's six moped and bicycle rental companies from 50 per day to 30 per day. This will significantly reduce the number of summertime accidents involving mopeds and pedestrians. The neighboring island of Torseau actually saw a 50 percent reduction in moped accidents last year when Torseau's town council enforced similar limits on moped rentals. To help reduce moped accidents, therefore, we should also enforce these limitations during the summer months."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
b岛的人口在夏季翻了一番。b岛市政府应该限制岛上夏季助力车租赁公司的租车数量，从原来的每天50量减少到25量，这将有助于减少由助力车和行人引发的事故。去年邻近T岛市政府通过限制出租数量，助力车事故减少50％的。为了减少助力车事故，因此我们也应该采取相同的政策。 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6)
Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the
purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deer's being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.
Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.
北极鹿生活在加拿大极地区域的岛屿上。它们全年都通过冰块在岛屿间移动来寻找食物。它们的栖
居地局限在那些温暖得足以维持它们所需的植物生长，并且在一年的至少某些时候冷到足以让岛屿间的海面结冰以使它们能够在岛屿间旅行的地方。然而，根据当地猎人的报告，鹿的数量正在下降。由于这一报告正好与最近导致海洋冰面融化的全球变暖趋势同时发生，我们可以得出结论：北极鹿的数量的下降是它们无法按它们原有的迁移习惯穿越结冰海面的结果。
1) 猎人的报告是可靠？之前的鹿大概有多少头，之后的鹿有多少头？是否仅仅是因为鹿迁移出了猎人居住的区域
2) 也可能有其他原因，比如天敌数量增加等等，导致鹿的数量下降，并不一定是温度升高所致
3) 猎人的猎杀也会造成鹿的数量的下降，猎人很可能在推卸责任
4) 还有，而且没有证据表明冰川已经融化到无法迁移的程度，即使已经融化到无法迁移了，那么气候变暖也可能会导致岛上的植被增加，可能已经可以满足鹿的需求，反而不用迁移了，无法迁移并不一定意味着鹿的数量会减少
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7)
The following is a recommendation from the Board of Directors of Monarch Books.
"We recommend that Monarch Books open a caféin its store. Monarch, having been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer base because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Clearly, opening the cafe would attract more customers. Space could be made for the cafe by discontinuing the children's book section, which will probably become less popular given that the most recent national census indicated a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten. Opening a cafe will allow Monarch to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened its own café."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation is likely to have the predicted result. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
我们建议m书店在电内开设一个咖啡厅。M书店在目前的店址上已经经营了20多年，并由于其广泛的图书种类而拥有了庞大的客户群体。很明显，新开设的咖啡厅会吸引更多的客户，空间可以通过撤出儿童书籍柜台来获得，因为最近一次全国调查显示10岁以下儿童的比率显著下降，所以儿童书就可能没以前那么畅销。开设新咖啡厅将会使m吸引更多客户并更好的与最近刚开设了咖啡厅的r书店展开竞争。
98)
The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.
"Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large
customer base due to its reader-friendly atmosphere and wide selection of books on all subjects. Last month, Book and Bean, a combination bookstore and coffee shop, announced its intention to open a Collegeville store. Monarch Books should open its own in-store cafe in the space currently devoted to children's books. Given recent national census data indicating a significant decline in the percentage of the population under age ten, sales of children's books are likely to decline. By replacing its children's books section with a café, Monarch Books can increase profits and ward off competition from Book and Bean."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.
自打20年前在C开设以来，M书店就因其友善的氛围和广泛的图书种类而拥有了一大批顾客。三个月，B&B，一家综合咖啡书店，宣布其要在C开设新店。我们建议m书店在电内开设一个咖啡厅，空间可以通过撤出儿童书籍柜台来获得，因为最近一次全国调查显示10岁以下儿童的比率显著下降，所以儿童书就可能没以前那么畅销。开设新咖啡厅将会使m吸引更多客户并更好的与B&B书店
新GRE所有Issue题目的写作提纲
GRE写作Issue问题题库分析与提纲
第一类 社会
2. "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society." 归根结底，竞争对于社会是利多弊少。
Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in society. 1. Generally speaking, competition contributes to progress in
society.
2. In democratic countries, when parties and candidates compete
for power, the public benefits.
3. Admittedly, when competition gets out of the control of
mores and laws, society will suffer. 竞争对于社会的优点和缺点 ------------------------------
3. "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."与其花钱进行可能有助于后代的长期性研究，还不如把钱花在迫在眉睫，已经存在的社会问题上。
Humanity should take into account both long-term interests and short-term interests when making budgets.
1. Naturally, each generation is most concerned about solving
problems that immediately confront them.
2. However, what differentiates human beings from other
animals is that humans have a sense of future and are morally responsible for the well-being of their descendents.
3. Therefore, as beneficiaries of previous generations, each
generation should make its own contribution for the well-being of future generations.
当务之急和百年大计的关系 ------------------------------
9. "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that scholars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider audience, their ideas will have little use."
近些年来，学科已经细化到了相当的程度以至于学者们的理念只影响小范围的人群。除非学者们能拥有影响到大范围的人群，否则他们的理念将几乎毫无用处。
The speaker oversimplifies the issue of academic influence on society.
1. It is true that academic disciplines have become so
specialized nowadays that some scholar’s seemingly idiosyncratic ideas only reach a narrow audience.
2. It is also true that social scientists’ failing to reach the large
public makes it impossible for their ideas to contribute to society.
3. Nevertheless, scholars in certain realms are doomed to live in
an isolated and purely academic world, which does not necessarily mean that their ideas will have little use.
过分专业化问题 overspecialization ------------------------------
15. "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes of human behavior."
一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们极端行为所作出的反应。 It is true that how a society copes with the extremes of human behavior largely determines the society’s stability.
1. The extremes of human behavior--such as violence or
strikes--usually dictate grave social troubles.
2. One solution to these social problems is suppressing, which
proves effective in the short run and counterproductive in the long run.
3. The most effective way of responding to such problems is
constructive communication and sometimes compromise. 抽象型题目 ------------------------------
16. "Although many people think that the luxuries and
conveniences of contemporary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
尽管许多人认为现代生活的奢华和便利是丝毫没有坏处的，但是这实际上让人们无法成为真正强大和独立的个体。 Agree
1. Consider first the effect of the automobile on our
independence as individuals. In some respects the automobile serves to enhance such independence.
2. However, we have become slaves to the automobile.
3. Consider next the overall impact of the automobile on our
strength as individuals, by which I mean strength of character, or mettle.
4. In contrast, there is a certain strength of character that comes
with eschewing modern conveniences such as cars, and with the knowledge that one is contributing to a cleaner and quieter environment, a safer neighborhood, and arguably a more genteel society. 社会和个人之发展问题 ------------------------------
17. "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。 Disagree:
1. First, whether a law is just or unjust is rarely a
straightforward issue. The fairness of any law depends on one’s personal value system.
2. The fairness of a law also depends on one’s personal interest,
or stake, in the legal issue at hand.
3. Disobeying unjust laws often has the opposite effect of what
was intended or hoped for.
4. By justifying a violation of one sort of law we find ourselves
on a slippery slope toward sanctioning all types of illegal behavior, including egregious criminal conduct.
社会和个人之法律公正么？ ------------------------------
19. "If a society is to thrive, it must put its own overall success before the well-being of its individual citizens."
如果一个社会要繁荣就必须将社会整体的成败置于单个社会成员的幸福之上。 Disagree
1. The society is made up of individual citizens; therefore, the
development of individual citizens is crucial for the development of the whole society.
2. A society that ignores the well being of individual citizens is
bound to end up in social turmoil or revolution. 少数和多数之成功
------------------------------
20. "National governments should devote more of their social programs and services to children than to adults."
任何一个国家的政府都应该为孩子而不是为成人建设更多的社会项目和服务。
1. No one would deny the fact that it is in the young generation
that lies the future of our society.
2. Therefore, we should attach enough importance to the
development of children.
3. However, this does not mean that we can ignore the interests
of adults, who make up the major work force of our society. 孩子和成人之社会建设 ------------------------------
22. "Many people believe that a few individuals or small groups (family, friends, teachers, celebrities, for example) have caused them to think and behave in the way they do. Yet it is always society as a whole that defines us and our attitudes, not a few individuals."
很多人认为只是一些个人或者小团体（比如家庭、朋友、老师、名人）促成了他们的思维和行动。其实一直以来不是一些个人而是社会作为一个整体在定义我们和我们的态度。
1. Individuals and small groups also change our attitudes and
minds to a large extent.
2. Everyone influencing us is also influenced the society. 3. Internet is playing an ever more significant role in
influencing people’s attitude and values. 少数和多数之定义人生 ------------------------------
23. "Contemporary technology makes available many small pieces of factual information. As a result, people have become so
preoccupied wit