快速阅读题目 点击： 2012-01-04
江苏省2016-2017年中考英语书面表达专题《图表作文》
中考英语书面表达专题《图表作文》
【写法指导】
◇【题型设置与意图】
图表类写作题一向是中考书面表达中的难点。它不像看图叙事和提示作文那样直观明了，文体多以说明文和议论文为主。考查时要求同学们根据所给的图表、数据等进行分析、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，弄清各种信息之间的关系，提炼要点，然后组织语言进行写作，必要时还要加入作者自己的观点。
和看图叙事不同的是，写图表作文时对图表和数据内容不必全部描述，只需重点引用能支持观点的一些数据。分析图表时切不可凭空想象，要善于抓住总的规律和趋势。时态方面除特定的时间用过去时外，常用一般现在时。
◇【写作角度与注意事项】
仔细审题永远是写作中最重要的部分。认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系，整理要点。
图表作文的结构通常是三段式：
第一段分析图表中的数据变化反映出的问题或趋势，简要概述图表所揭示的信息；
第二段分析原因；
第三段提出解决问题的办法或建议。
写作时注意要直截了当、尽快入题，适当加入自己的议论，力争做到观点明确，不要拐
弯抹角，拖泥带水，使人读后一头雾水。
另外，同学们还应该注意以下几个小问题：文章应包括图表所示内容，但不必全部写到；叙述调查结果时要避免重复使用百分比；最重要的是要有表明自己观点的句子。书写要规范，包括大小写、标点符号等。写完之后还要注意认真检查，改正错误。
写 作 演 示
◇【例题解析】
新学期开始，你就读的国际学校的学生社团又开始招募了。假设你是社团负责人，请根据以下内容和提示要求写一篇英语短文，为新同学介绍下列社团的情况(包括名称、动内容及其目的)。
要求：1．词数：80左右(文章开头已给出，不计入总词数)；
２.不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。
Clubs are calling
The new term is coming．For all our new students，I would like to introduce our clubs to you。
【写作思路】
1．中心人称：第二人称
2．主体时态：一般现在时态，一般将来时态
3．要点梳理：图画内容(酷动者：每天运动一小时，观看比赛，强身健体。智读者：读好书，写读书笔记，增长知识。好煮人：设计健康菜单，学习做菜，过健康生活。)，补充内容(时尚设计者：向专业老师学习)
【语句构建】
图表内容→Cool Players is a good choice for sports lovers．
Smart Readers is a good choice．
In Excellent Cooks，you will learn how to design healthy menus and cook
dishes．If you want to design your own clothes，come to Fashion Designers．
提出建议或希望→I hope you can join us．
2017年中考英语作文专题复习
2017年中考英语作文专题复习
书面表达(结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点！)
结构：中考最流行的结构就是三段式，深受各地区中考英语写作阅卷老师的喜爱。为什么呢？因为这种结构十分清晰。“观点——要点——总结”让人一目了然。三段式的第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话，如，我们想表达小强很强壮，第一段直接说 XQ is extremely strong. 观点明确，这一句足矣。第二段：分2-3点说为什么他强壮。1. 每天吃10顿饭，He has ten meals everyday! 详举吃的是什么。2. 每天运动2小时，He does exercise 2 hours a day! 详举做了什么运动。第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等。如，How strong and robust XQ is! I hope to be him one day!
要点：实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译！因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。
逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first, second, third, finally 等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition, what's more, moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word, all in all（表示总结的）。转折：but, yet, however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。
语法：其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的。如，单词的使用，时态等。
亮点：当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful,good- looking,B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。
只要把这十个字都搞定了，那么初中英语写作就一定能搞定！
写作步骤
1 审题：审清作文体裁（类型）时态、人称、要点等细节；
2 列提纲（文章结构框架）：分3段（层），以及每段（层）大体内容；
3 写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点；
4 复查：2遍——1遍看查要点、拼写、语法、标点等问题；2遍不出声读查，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等；英语写作检查的原则：
5 誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。
*总之做到三审：体裁、时态和人称、要点；
三思：词汇—>短语—>句式；
三查：要点、拼写和语法、连贯。
标点符号特别注意汉英的不同，例如：
汉语 英语
A. 句号 。 .
B. 省略号 „„ „
C. 顿号 、 无
结构
文章分3段（层）：
（1）综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题；
（2）正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3个方面，每个方面最多2句话；
（3）结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。
逻辑
1)表层次:
1first, second, third, last 2firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3the first, the second, the third, the last 4in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 5 to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 6to start with, next, in addition, finally 7first and foremost, besides, last but not least 8most important of all, moreover, finally 9on the one hand, on the other hand 10for one thing, for another thing
2)表转折；but, however, yet, though, although, after all, in spite of，
3)因果 because, so, because of, thanks to, due to,since, owing to, as a result(of), hence, thus
4)例证 for example, for instance, such as
5)表示强调: also, besides, especially, actually, in fact
6)表示利弊的：be good/bad for sb.; be harmful to sb.; do harm to sb.; „have great/much influence on sb.; sth. benefit sb.; sb benefit from sth.; have an effect on sb.;
表示喜爱的：love/like/enjoy„; be fond of„; be interested in„; show great interest in„;
7)总结 As I see, As for me，As we all know,To my mind, as far as I’m concerned, from my perspective, in general, generally speaking, I think..., in fact , in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, to sum up,
句型
一（1）简单句
1. 主系表 I am a middle school student. He is fourteen.
2. 主谓 I ran fast.
3. 主谓宾 We will have dinner together.
4. 主谓宾宾补 (主谓+固定搭配) We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
（2）简单句+状语短语
1. 时间状语 I am a middle school student now. He is fourteen this year.
2. 地点状语 We will have dinner together at home.
（3）简单句（主句）+状语短语
1. 时间状语从句 My parents helped me a lot when I was in trouble.
2. 条件状语从句 If you have any questions, please write to me.
3. 原因状语从句 I like English best because it is interesting and fun.
（4）主句+宾语从句
我认为（我想、我希望） I think he is helpful and great.
I believe you will love this city. I hope I can be a volunteer some day.
（5）使用定语从句
我喜欢可以跟着跳舞的音乐。 I love music I can dance to.
父母是我最爱的人。My parents are the people who I love most.
（6）简单句+连词+简单句
1. 并列连接 I am a middle school student and I study in No. 1 Middle School.
2. 转折连接 I work hard at English but my English is not good enough.
3. 因果连接 He is good at English so I often ask him for help.
二1. I am of the opinion that=My point of view is that=I think=I hold the idea that=as far as I’m concerned=To my mind=in my opinion 2.Among various kinds of +复数名词在各种...中，Among various kinds of sports, I like sth in particular. 3 as the saying goes,/as the proverb goes/as the proverb puts it 4 It’s said/reported/believed that 5 It’s our duty to do sth 6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 7 concentrate on sth 8 be busy doing sth. 9 be supposed to do sth=should do sth 10Every coin has two sides. Computer has both advantages and disadvantages No pains, no gains. All work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Failure is the mother of success. Think twice before you do. Where there is a will, there is a way. Do as the Romans do. The early bird catches the worm. An apple a day keeps the doctors away. All roads lead to Rome. Practice makes perfect. Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。
A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。Time and tide wait for no man. 时不我待。
11.be glad to do sth 12buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth. 13 there be 句型 14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing sth. 15 find it + adj to do sth. 16 get + 比较级 17 don’t do sth=stay away from sth 18 had better (not) do sth. 19 help sb. (to) do/help sb.with 20 I don’t think that 21 I would like to /Would you like to„? 22 is one of the + 最高级 + n(pl.)„ 23 It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. (important/ essential/ necessary/ urgent/ proper)24 It is a good idea to do sth. 25宾语从句、定语从句、感叹句型 26 不用说„„ It goes without saying that „ = （It is） needless to say （that） „= It is obvious that 27 It seems that„ 28 It sounds +adj. /It looks +adj. 29 It takes sb some time. to do sth. 30 It’s bad/good for„ 31 It’s time for„/to do sth. 32 Can you give me some advice on... 33 keep sb. doing 34 keep/make sth. +adj. 35 like to do / like doing 36 make / let sb.(not) do sth. 37 neither„nor 38 not„at all 39 not„until 40 One„the other„/Some„ others„ 41 prefer„to/prefer to...rather than...42 see/hear sb. do(doing) sth. 43 so„that 44 have fun doing sth48 thank sb for sth. 49 The more„the better 50 There is sth. wrong with„ 51 too„to 52 used to 53 What about /How about„? 54 What’s the matter with„? 55 What’s wrong„? 56 Why not„? 57 Will (would, could) you please„?{2017北京中考英语作文题目}.
58.How nice to hear from you again./Let me tell you something about the activity./I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th./I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit./I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.59.I’m looking forward to hearing from you. / I’m looking forward to your reply.
亮点
一、the + est + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen (known/heard/had/read, etc) the most + 形容词 + 名词 +(that)+ 主词 + have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read, etc)
例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen。海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
二、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V
例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education。没有比接受教育更重要的事。
三、cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much (再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。) 例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much。我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V .。。(不可否认的„„)
例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse。不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道„„)
It is well-known + 句子~~ (全世界都知道„„)
例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us。
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的„„)
例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired。毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。
七、An advantage of is that + 句子(„„的优点是„„)
例句：An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution。使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
八、The reason why + 句子is that + 句子(„„的原因是„„)
例句：The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air。我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此„„以致于„„)
例句：So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it。
时间是如此珍贵，它经不起我们浪费。
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V (虽然„„)
例句：Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory。
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V
The + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V (愈„„愈„„)
例句：The harder you work, the more progress you make。
十二、By +Ving, can (借着„„，„„能够„„)
例句：By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy。 借着做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。 十三、enable + Object(受词)+ to + V („„使„„能够„„)
例句：Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed
听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能„„)
例句：On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge。
我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是„„的时候了)
例句：It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems。该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
十六、Those who ~~~ („„的人„„)
例句：Those who break the law should be punished。违法的人应该受处罚。
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不„„)
例句：There is no one but longs to go to college。没有人不渴望上大学。
十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不„„)
例句：Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports。由于考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的) It is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)It is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
例句：It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是„„的原因)
例句：Summer is hot.That is the reason why I don't like it。夏天很炎热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
二十一、For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式。(过去„„年来，„„一直„„)
例句：For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination。过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。
二十二、Since + S + 过去式，S + 现在完成式
例句：Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard。自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
二十三、It pays to + V („„是值得的。)
例句：It pays to help others。帮助别人是值得的。
二十四、be based on (以„„为基础)
例句：The progress of the society is based on harmony。社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。 二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment。我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让„„明白„„事)
例句：We should bring home to people the value of working hard。我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。
二十七、be closely related to (与„„息息相关)
例句：Taking exercise is closely related to health。做运动与健康息息相关。
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving= make it a rule to + V (养成„„的习惯)
We should get into the habit of previewing and reviewing。我们应该养成预习和复习的习惯。 二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, (因为„„)
例句：Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream。
因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么„„!)
例句：What an important thing it is to keep our promise! How important a thing is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事!
三十一、Leave much to be desired （令人不满意）
例句：The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
三十二、Have a great influence on ~~ （对„„有很大的影响）
例句：Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
三十三、do good to （对...有益），do harm to （对„„有害）
例句：Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
Overwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ （对„„造成一大威胁）
例句：Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best （尽全力去„„）
例句：We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
2017年中考作文(写作秘籍)
2017年中考作文（写作秘籍）
技巧1：:认真审题，不能丢项。
拿到作文题目，首先要知道要求写什么。例如是写一件事，还是写一个人，还是写一份调查报告等。第二要明确题目中要求的内容有几条，例如要求写一篇游记，那么有如下内容：什么时间去的？和谁一起去的？去哪了？如何去的？做了什么？有什么感受？这就是内容上的六条要求，作文中必须有所体现，一条都不能丢。
技巧2：检查语法，时态，语态是否正确。
语法，时态，语态是一定不能错的，这考察的是英语的应用基础。
语法上要求明确句子当中的主谓一致，句子中只有一个谓语，动词短语的固定搭配（比如enjoy只能加doing,介词后如果要加动词一定是动名词的形式，即ing形式，情态动词直接加do等。），名词的单复数形式等。
时态上要求非常严格，如果出错将比其他地方出错更为严重。判断时态的根据在于题目要求写的内容，如果是纪事性文字，一般用过去时态，有时用现在完成时（看到since/for）,如果是议论性或说明性文字，一般用一般现在时（纪事性文字中议论抒情的部分一般也用一般现在时）。如果是一种计划或打算，要用一般将来时。具体题目，具体分析，另外明确这些时态的概念，再去判断。语态上要求也很严格，比如动词的第三人称单数形式，动词的主动语态与被动语态等。
技巧3：句子与句子之间的连词要准确的应用。
连词是让作文连贯的重要组成部分，句子与句子之间的逻辑关系就是靠连词体现出来的。作文是一个整体，决不是一个个孤立的句子，所以必须有连词，但一定根据语意正确使用。常见连词：if, as, for, because, so, however, though(虽然), even（甚至）, since, until, 等等（不全，要自己总结。）另外，有些连词不能一起使用。例如有because就不能有so,有though就不能有but等等。连词的应用会让作文提高一大块。
技巧4：使用从句表达（前提为有能力）。
如果英语的基础相当好，那么从句是可以帮助提高分数的重要途径。
初中需要掌握的从句是主语从句，宾语从句，（时间，地点，让步）状语从句，定语从句这四大类。
主语从句，就是主语是一个句子，多数用形式主语it代替，真正的主语用不定式或分词ing形式表达，例如：it is adj for sb. To do sth. 这句中it 就是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth. 宾语从句就是宾语是个句子。有时用it作为形式宾语。例如：I find it adj to do sth. 这句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do sth. adj. 其实大多数宾语从句还是直接表达的，例如：I wonder to know that ……等。
状语从句分三种，时间状语从句，地点状语从句和让步状语从句。只需注意介词的使用，有时要使用逗号。特别的，让步状语从句中的if引导的是状语从句，注意“主将从现”（即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。）。
定语从句是初中比较难掌握的，一般是要求识别，主要在单选题当中考察。但应用到作文中是出彩的地方，明确了先行词，用对了关系代词和关系副词，就可以了。基础在于对定语从句基础知识的理解，明确语法就可以应用了。
技巧5：必须有精彩的结束句。
1)自然结尾，点明主题
随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman (帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
2)首尾呼应，升华主题在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don’t you think learning English is great fun?
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.
另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good time等。
句子
祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语you通常省略。
1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please.
2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加Don't。 Don't be late for class.
3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。 Let me/us Let him/her/them eg. Let's go to school. 注意： 1)祈使句 ＋ and/or ＋ 简单句是常用句型 祈使句 + and + 简单句 表示“如果…，就…”
祈使句 + or + 简单句 表示“…否则…”
eg. 1.Go down the street,and you'll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or we'll be late.
句子的分类:由句子结构来讲，可分为三类简单
一、简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
eg. We cleaned the windows and tidied the room.
二、并列句：由并列连词and, but,so,or,for等把两个或两个以上的简单句连起来的句子。 eg. 1)I come from China and he comes from Japan. 2)Hurry up,or you'll miss the train.
3)He looked for it everywhere, but he couldn't find it.
4)She didn't know the answer to the question,so she asked the teacher.
5)He's interested in music while John is interested in sports.
三、复合句
A.宾语从句：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
1、连接词 1)由连接词that引导陈述句，在口语中that常省略。
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether和if 常可互换，但下列场合一般用whether. ①介词后的宾语从句：I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
②与or not连用：I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由连接代词what,who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when,where,why,how引导特殊疑问句。 eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、语序：不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，都要用陈述句语序，也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词＋主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、时态：一般说来，主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用其它任何时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴（也就是用一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理，那么无论主句是什么时态，从句都只能用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意：在think后的宾语从句，如果需要表示否定意义，一般不在宾语从句中否定，而是在主句中否定。 eg. I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误) 中考英语作文十大常见错误分析
1.审题不清
如2004年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动，有些考生将作文的主题定位为"我最喜欢的活动"，偏离了"一项、课外活动"这一主题。依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。
2.拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。
3.名词单复数问题：
误My father and my mother is all teacher.
正My fathe rand my mother are both teachers.
误：There are four books and a pen over there.
正：There is four books and a pen over there.（就近原则）
4.缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的，但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成，如："我累了。"这个句子没有动词作谓语，而用形容词，但英语形容词不能作谓语，一定要写成：I'm tired.
误I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo. 正I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
误The apples cheap. I'll take some. 正The apples are cheap. I'll take some.
5.缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法，不了解中英文语言习惯的不同，也会出现明显的错误，造成丢分现象。
误Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
正Because of heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
6.代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多，包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分；此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词，而英语中物主代词是不可省略的，代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。
误 I do not like she. 正： I do not like her.
7.句子不完整
有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊，所以出现只写半句的现象，这也是造成失分的原因之一。
误Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend.
(这段文章的第二句话没有动词，他不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误，修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)
正Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend.
8.前后不一致
所谓不一致，包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等.{2017北京中考英语作文题目}.
例1.When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do（F）
(人一旦有了知识，他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has;同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致.
改为When one has knowledge, he can do what he wants (to do).（T）
9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误
汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化，而对英语来说，这些都至关重要。例：
误When I get to the station the train leave.
正When I got to the station the train had left.
10.综合性错误：
综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等，以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累，所以考生应该从平时练习出发，每天坚持写英语日记，多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作，提高自己的英语素养。
常用连接词：
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second…
And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系的：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition
3.表转折对比关系的：However, On the contrary, but
Although+clause（从句）, In spite of+n/doing
On one hand… On the other hand…
Some…, while others…
4.表因果关系的：Because, As
So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
5.表换一种方式表达：In other words
6.表进行举例说明：For example，句子；For instance，句子；such as+n/doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact
8.表达自己观点：As far as I know, In my opinion
9.表总结：In short, In a word. In conclusion, In summary
文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例：I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.
状语从句举例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful.
动名词做主语举例：Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.
It's bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.
常用状语从句句型：
1）时间：when, not…until, as soon as
2）目的：so that+clause; to do（为了）
3）结果：so…that+clause, too…to do（太……以至于……）
4）条件：if, unless（除非）, as long as（只要）
5）让步：though, although, even though, even if
no matter what/when/where/who/which/how
6)比较：as…as…, not so…as…, than
叙事文常用的句子间连接词：
At first; at last; in the end…
then/next/after that…
when/while/as soon as/not… until…
at the same time; at times; once in a while;
so that
To one’s surprise/joy
2016-2017学年人教版初中英语八年级英语上册全套各单元写作专题训练【推荐】
2016-2017学年人教版初中英语八年级英语上册
全套各单元写作专题训练
单元写作小专题&Section B(3a～4)
【单元写作目标】
能用过去时描述自己曾经经历过的某个假期，内容包括：时间、地点、人物、景点、食物、住宿、具体活动、感受等。{2017北京中考英语作文题目}.
1．能写出与假期相关的动词的过去式；
2．能用短语something interesting，anything delicious等描述事物/事件；
3．能用不同的形容词表达感受；
4．写作微技能：能通过问自己“Wh-question”获取写作信息。 一、词汇积累
与假期相关的动词短语
1．去上海 ________________
2．参观博物馆 ________________
3．买特别的东西 ________________
4．吃美味的东西 ________________
5．待在家里 ________________
6．去令人激动的地方 ________________
7．买便宜的东西 ________________
8．一个无聊的假期 ________________
9．感到激动 ________________
10．去度假 ________________
11．拍照片 ________________
12．玩得高兴 ________________
13．等候 ________________
14．写日记 ________________
15．相当多 ________________
16．当然；自然 ________________
17．因为 ________________
18．给„„的感觉；感受到 ________________ 二、句子积累
佳句欣赏与模仿
1．My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.(so„that„如此„„以至于„„)
桂林如此漂亮以至于很多人去那里玩。
________________________________________________________________________
2．And because of the bad weather，we couldn't see anything below.(because of„因为„„；because„ 因为„„)
因为下雨，我们不能去海里游泳。
________________________________________________________________________{2017北京中考英语作文题目}.
3．My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.(decide to do sth.决定去做某事) 我们决定明年去厦门度假。
________________________________________________________________________ 4．„ I went to Guizhou with my family.(with 和„„一起)
Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water.(with具有；带有) 我去年和我妹妹一起去了北京。北京是一个有悠久历史的城市。 ________________________________________________________________________ 三、以读促写
根据所给汉语或首字母提示，写出空白处单词的正确形式。看别人如何描述自己的假期。完成后请用“Wh－questions”提问下面这篇短文，一句多问，多多益善。
My Last Weekend
I went to Jinyun with my friends last weekend.One of them is a ________ (商人)．He does business with other people.We drove our cars.Though it was a long time sitting in the car，I didn't feel ________ (无聊的)．We talked，ate snacks and listened to music in the car.When we reached Jinyun，________ (大部分) of us were h________，so we ________ (决定) to have lunch first.After lunch，we went somewhere exciting.Xiudu was so beautiful that ________ (每个人)jumped up and down in excitement.We took lots of photos.Some of us climbed up the ________ (小山)，but others ________ (等待) ________ (在„„下面)．Unluckily，when we got to the ________ (顶部)，it began to rain.We didn't bring ________ (足够的)u________ which could keep us from the rain.That's why some of us got w________ in the end.Luckily，we had dry coats with us.
The next day，it was sunny，and we hung out in the street.There were some beautiful ________ (建筑物)．However，we saw ________ (很少) people，and I ________ (想知道)how many people lived in Jinyun.That afternoon，I went to the market and bought something special，such as Jinyun Duck (缙云麻鸭)and sesame seed cake (烧饼)．I stayed in Jinyun for two days，and I had a ________ (绝妙的)time and enjoyed ________ (我自己)very much. I am looking forward to visiting Jinyun again in the future.
四、篇章训练
某英语学习论坛发布了一个主题为“My Vacation”的帖子，请网友们谈一谈自己最难忘的一次度假经历。假如你是小华，去年暑假你和父母一起去了乡下爷爷家。乡下的空气很好，你和爷爷去爬山、钓鱼，和堂弟去小河里游泳。奶奶给你做了很多好吃的食物。请你用英语写一篇不少于70词的回帖，和大家一起分享这段经历。可适当发挥。
请在“单元写作小专题(答题页·活页)”相应位置完成。
单元写作小专题&Section B(3a～4)
一、词汇积累
1．go to Shanghai 2.visit the museum 3.buy something special 4.eat something delicious
5.stay at home 6.go somewhere exciting 7.buy something cheap 8.a boring vacation 9.feel excited 10.go on vacation 11.take photos 12.have a great/good time/fun 13.wait for
14.keep a diary 15.quite a few 16.of course 17.because of 18.feel like
二、句子积累
1．Guilin is so beautiful that lots of people go there to have fun. 2.Because of the rainy weather，we couldn't swim in the sea. Because it was rainy，we couldn't swim in the sea. 3.We decided to go to Xiamen for vacation next year. 4.I went to Beijing with my sister last year.It's a city with a long history.
三、以读促写
trader；bored；most；hungry；decided；everyone；hill；waited；below；top；enough；umbrellas；wet；buildings；few；wondered；wonderful；myself
四、篇章训练 One possible version：
I had a wonderful summer vacation last year.I went to the countryside to see my grandparents with my parents.The weather there was nice and the air was clean.I did many interesting things there.I went climbing mountains and went fishing with my grandfather.Then，I went swimming in a small river with my cousin.For dinner，my grandmother cooked lots of delicious food for us.I enjoyed the delicious food and the beautiful sight and did something exciting，so I had a good time.
单元写作小专题&Section B(3a～4)
【单元写作目标】
能用频度副词描述人们在业余时间做各种活动的频率，倡导健康的生活习惯与生活方式。
1．能熟练运用频度副词“always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly ever，never”和频度短语“once a week，twice a month，three times a day”等描述活动频率；
2．能就图表信息，用百分比或most/many/some/a few等表示人们参与某种活动的比例；
3．写作微技能：“1＋n”拓展写作法。 一、词汇积累
(一)业余活动短语
1．使用网络 ________________
2．看电视 ________________
3．做运动 ________________
4．吃垃圾食物 ________________
5．去野营 ________________
6．帮忙做家务 ________________
7．去购物 ________________
8．看电影 ________________
9．上钢琴课 ________________
10．与家人共度时光 ________________
11．观看游戏节目 ________________
(二)频度副词短语
1．一星期一次 ________________
2．一个月两次 ________________
3．一天三次 ________________
4．每天 ________________
5．几乎不 ________________
6．每天晚上 ________________
(三)其他短语
1．对„„有好处 ________________
2．业余活动 ________________
3．至少 ________________
4．例如 ________________
5．„„的最好方式 ________________ 二、句子积累