快速阅读法 点击: 2013-07-26
称谓翻译有讲究 各种
称谓翻译有讲究 各种“副”职译法大不同
2012年11月14日09:27沪江英语网我要评论(0)
字号:T|T
"副"字在中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub等词表示。
副总裁 Vice President
国防部副部长(美国) Deputy Secretary of Defence
副总经理 Assistant General Manager
副国务卿 Under Secretary of State
副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor
(学院)副院长 Sub-dean of School
根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、 premier、 chairman、 minister、 governor 搭配;deputy与director、 chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如:
国家副主席(或大学副校长) Vice President
副主席(或系副主任等) Vice Chairman
副总理 Vice Premier
副部长 Vice Minister
副省长 Vice Governor
副领事 Vice Consul
副校长(中小学) Vice Principal
以下情况常用Deputy:
副局长 Deputy Director
副秘书长 Deputy Secretary-General
副书记 Deputy Secretary
副市长 Deputy Mayor
副县长 Deputy Chief Executive
副村长 Deputy Village Head
副院长(学院) Deputy Dean
副总编 Deputy Editor-in-Chief
associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。
副教授 Associate Professor
副研究员 Associate Research Fellow
副主编 Associate Editor-in-Chief
副编审 Associate Senior Editor
副研究馆员 Associate Research Fellow
副译审 Associate Senior Translator
副主任医师 Associate Senior Doctor
Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理 Assistant Manager
但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别?
要弄清以上情况, 先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称 Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等
无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy General Manager,又有Assistant General Manager,都可以译成"副总经理",但其地位是前者(相当于我们的常务副总)高于后者。
至于比“副总经理”地位更低的“总经理助理”,则可译为:Assistant to General Manager。如:总经理私人助理-Personal Assistant to GM、总经理特别助理-Special Assistant to GM。
在我国的行政机构内,"助理"往往指的是未经过立法机关认可的副职,如“市长助理”,其职责和级别相当于副市长,但地位显然低一些。这跟英语中的情况是相似的,本来也可套用上述译法,即将常务副市长、副市长、市长助理分别译作:Deputy Mayor、Assistant Mayor、Assistant to Mayor。但是,我们已经习惯于将“副市长” 统统译成Deputy Mayor, “市长助理” 译成Assistant Mayor,而将“常务副市长” 译成 First Deputy Mayor,此种译法已广泛接受,不宜改译。
·水落石出
有人照字直译为:As thewater level sinks, the stones are exposed。
这样说,恐怕老外还是听不懂。他们的说法是:
All secrets may eventually come tolight. (所有祕密最后总会曝光。)
也可以说:
Eventually, every secret will bedisclosed。
·烈火炼真金,患难见真情
有人译成:Fire is the test of gold;adversity is the test of friendship。
这句译文,虽然很好,老外也能了解,但是他们还有另外的说法:
Liquor brings out a person's truecolor。(烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色)
或者说:{gaze谚语}.
Wine reveals a person's true heart。
虽然老外不用“烈火炼真金”的比喻,但有“路遥知马力”的说法:
By a long road, we know a horse'sstrength;at times of difficulty, we discover a friend's true character。
·雷声大,雨点小
有人译为:
The thunder roars loudly, but little rain falls. 或者说:All we hear isthunder, but no rain falls。
虽然这样直译比较容易理解,但是老外的说法是这样的:
Actions speak louder than words. (行动胜于言谈)
或Allwe hear is words, but there is no action. (只动嘴不动手)
或Actionsand words should go hand in hand. (言行必须一致)
另外,还有英语(论坛)里还有这样的说法:
An empty barrel makes biggest sound。(空洞的话说得太多了。)
·人不可貌相,海水不可斗量
有人译为:
A man can not be known by his look, nor can the ocean be measured by a dipper。
这样的译法只是直译,如果能够稍加修改,老外就能了解:
A man can not be judged by his appearance, nor can the water in the sea bemeasured by a bucket。
不过,老外通常的说法是这样的:
We can not judge a person by appearance only. 或 You can notjudge a book by its cover。
(意思是:一本书的好坏取决于它的内容,而不是它的封面装帧的漂亮与否。)
·少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲
有人译成 If you neglect study when you are young, what may happento your old age?
这句问句会把老外问得云里雾里,因为他们沒有“学而优则仕”的思想,也不认为功课差,将来就会伤悲。他们劝告子女经常说的是Studying / working hard can lead you to a brighter / morepromising future. (努力用功会带给你光明的前程。)
当然也可以对年轻人说:
Study hard when you are young. It willpay off when you get older. (年轻时好好努力,到老的时就会觉得学有所值。)
·一日为师,终身为父
有这样的译法:
He who teaches me for one day is myfather for life。
If you are my teacher for even one day,you will be my teacher (mentor) all my life。
He who teaches me may be considered myfather-figure for life。
词汇记忆法
【第一种,偏旁部首,词根词缀方法】 英文的构词法,多分为四种,即①prefix+root②root+suffix③prefix+root+suffix④else。但是,在构词法中,前缀是最重要的,词根次之,后缀最次。因为前缀往往改变词的含义,后缀只是改变词性。来看一个短句things today have
deteriorated,deteriorated是什么意思呢?这里我们仅知道de-表示否定,向下,不好了,-ed表示形容词,姑且认为短句就表示今天的事情向下了,结果恰恰正如我们猜测的那样,这句话表示今天的事情逐渐恶化了。
举例1,-port词根,表示港口的意思。
进口的意思(im-进入)
export
出口的意思(ex-由哪里出来) transport
运输的意思(trans-转换) deport 时代硕博在职博士教育 驱逐出境(de表示否定,或者剥离,分离的意思)
举例2,-tract词根,表示拉,拽的意思。
extract
拔的意思(ex-向外拖,拉)
转移的意思(dis-表示否定,分散的意思。那么分散拉力就是转移) abstract
提炼的意思(ab-表示偏离,把某种物质拖离开,提炼出的意思;如果当名词就是摘要;如果当形容词讲就是抽象的)
protract
延长的意思(pro-表示向前,向前拉就是延长)
tractor{gaze谚语}.
拖拉机的意思(-or,-ar,-er表示人或物,比如,typewriter表示物,teacher表示人)
吸引的意思(at-表示拉,拉上再拉,拖了又拖,表示很大力吸引) contract
表示使缩短,挤压的意思(con-,com-,co-,cor-,col-都表示共同,一起拉,一起拽,那么就是挤压,收缩)这里需要注意的是,contract可以当动词也可以当名词,但是发音不一样,有一个窍门,就是在发音时重音有着名前动后的规律。
举例3,-ic后缀,表示人的意思。-ative后缀,表示形容词或名词,但作为名词后缀最重要。-spect动词后
缀,表示看的意思。-pose表示摆放,放置(姿势),位置。
mechanic
技工,机修工,机械士
cynic
愤世嫉俗者
skeptic
怀疑论者, 无神论者,怀疑宗教的人
critic 时代硕博在职博士教育 批评家
heretic
异教徒, 异端者
motive
动机
CM各集片头片尾名言名句
CM各集片头片尾名言名句
『名言名句』
Season 5
◎Episode 1: Nameless, Faceless(2009.09.23)
●a weak man has doubts before a decision.A strong man has them afterwards.——Karl krauss
【卡尔·克劳斯(上世纪上半叶最杰出德语作家和语言大师之一,1874 - 1936):弱者在决策前迟疑,强者则反之。】(Rossi)
(本集片尾没有出现名言)
◎Episode 2: Haunted(2009.09.30)
●one need not be a chamber to be haunted.one need not be a house.The brain has corridors surpassing material place.——Emily dickinson
【艾米莉·狄金森(美国诗人,1830 - 1886 ):无需亲临幽室便能体味精神折磨,无需亲临暗宅,思想能带你穿越置身其中。】(Hotch)
●there is no witness so dreadful, no accuser so terrible,as the conscience that dwells in the heart of every man.——Polybius
【波里比阿(古希腊历史学家,约公元前204 - 122年):没有可怕至极的证人,没有恐怖之至的原告,因为良心存在于每个人心中。】(Hotch)
◎Episode 3: Reckoner(2009.10.07)
●Justice without force is powerless.Force without justice is tyrannical.——Blaise Pascal
【帕斯卡(法国哲学家,1623 - 1662):正义缺少武力是无能,武力缺少正义是暴政。】(Rossi)
●I have always found that mercy bears richer fruit than strict justice.——Abraham Lincoln
【亚伯拉罕·林肯(美国第16任总统,1809 - 1865):仁慈之树总比严刑律法更硕果累累。】(Rossi)
◎Episode 4: Hopeless(2009.10.14)
●There is no lasting hope in violence,only temporary relief from hopelessness.——Kingman Brewster Jr.
【Kingman Brewster Jr.(美国教育学家外交家、曾任耶鲁校长,1919 - 1988):暴力无法给人持久的希望,只能让人暂不心绝。】(Morgan)
●These violent delights have violent ends.——William Shakespeare
【莎士比亚(英国剧作家、诗人,1564 - 1616):狂暴的快乐 都有狂暴的结局。】(Morgan)
◎Episode 5: Cradle to Grave(2009.10.21)
●You don't really understand human nature,unless you know why a child on a merry-go-round will wave at his parents every time around and why his parents will always wave back.——William D.Tammeus
【William D.Tammeus(记者):你不可能真正了解人性,除非能理解为什么旋转木马上的孩子会在每次转过父母时和他们招手,而父母也会每次和他们招手。】(J.J) (本集片尾没有出现名言)
◎Episode 6: The Eyes Have It(2009.11.04)
●and if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out and cast it from thee.——matthew 5:29
【马太福音 5:29 :若是你的右眼叫你跌倒,就剜出来丢掉。】(Morgan)
●dwell in peace in the home of your own being,and the messenger of death will not be able to touch you.——Guru Nanak
【圣人那纳克(印度锡克教创始人,1469 -1539):生于静,生于汝生之本;则死亡之兆,亦将不得近汝。】(Morgan)
◎Episode 7: The Performer(2009.11.11)
●In all the darkest pages of the malign supernatural,There is no more terrible tradition than that of the vampire, A pariah even among demons.——Montague Summers
【Montague Summers (作家,1880-1948):在所有描述邪恶鬼怪的黑暗文字里,没有比描述吸血鬼传统更可怕的了,他是魔界的贱民。】(Reid)
●Better to write for yourself and have no public,than to write for the public and have no self.——Guru Nanak
【Cyril Connolly(英国作家,1903 -1974):为自己写作无人问津,好过为人写作失去自我。】(Prentiss)
◎Episode 8: Outfoxed(2009.11.18)
●man usually avoids attributing cleverness to somebody else, unless it's an enemy.——Albert einstein
【阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(德裔美国科学家,现代物理学的开创者和奠基人,1879 - 1955):人通常不会承认别人比自己更智慧,除非他是你的敌人。】(Morgan)
(本集片尾没有出现名言)
◎Episode 9: 100(2009.11.25)
●He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster,and if you gaze for long into an abyss, The abyss gazes also into you.——Friedrich Nietzsche
【弗里德里希·尼采 (德国著名哲学家,诗人和散文家, 1844 - 1900):与恶魔斗争的人要时刻警惕,以免自己也变成恶魔,如果你久久地注视着深渊,那深渊同时也在
注视着你。】(Hotch)
●So much of what is best in us is bound up in our love of family,that it remains the measure of our stability,because it measures our sense of loyalty.——Haniel Long
【哈尼尔·龙(诗人,1888 - 1956):我们心底所有美好的感情都凝结在我们对家人的爱里,这份爱留住属于我们的安定,因为也正是这份爱衡量着我们内心的忠诚。】(Hotch)
◎Episode 10: The Slave of Duty(2009.12.09)
●It's love that makes the world go 'round.——W.S.Gilbert
【威廉·施万克·吉尔伯特 (英国著名剧作家, 1540 -1605 ):爱让世界转动。(Hotch) 】
●Where we love is home,home that our feet may leave, but not our hearts.——Oliver Wendell Holmes
【Oliver Wendell Holmes(美国著名法学家,最高法院大法官,1809 -1894 ):我们所爱的地方是家,即使人离开了,心依然牵挂着。】(Hotch)
●What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters,compared with what lies within us.——Ralph Waldo Emerson
【拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生(美国散文作家、思想家、诗人,1803 -1882 ):将要直面的,与已成过往的,较之深埋于我们内心的皆为微末。】(Hotch)
◎Episode 11: Retaliation(2009.12.16)
●Men are more ready to repay an injury than a benefit,because gratitude is a burden and revenge a pleasure.——Tacitus
【塔西佗 (Tacitus 古罗马元老院议员、历史学家, 公元55-117):人类更愿意报复伤害而不愿报答好意,因为感恩就好比重担,而复仇则快感重重。】(Prentiss) ●There is a sacredness in tears,they are not the mark of weakness, but of power. They are messengers of overwhelming grief and of unspeakable love.——Washington Irving
【华盛顿·欧文(美国作家,1783 -1859 ):眼泪里有一种神圣的东西,它不是懦弱的标志而是力量的象征,它传递着无法承受的悲痛以及无法言表的爱。】(Prentiss)
◎Episode 12: The Uncanny Valley(2010.01.13)
●Anything you cannot relinquish when it has outlived its usefulness possesses you,and in this materialistic age, a great many of us are possessed by our possessions.——Mildred Lisette Norman
【Mildred Lisette Norman (美国和平主义者,1908 -1981):任何你不愿放弃的东西,一旦超出它的效用就会占有你,而在这个物欲横流的时代,很多人被他们的财产所掌控。】(Reid)
●In life,unlike chess, the game continues after checkmate.——Isaac Asimov
【艾萨克·阿西莫夫(美国当代科幻小说家,1920-1992):人生不像下棋,将死之后游戏还会继续。】(Reid)
◎Episode 13: Risky Business(2010.01.20)
●Life is a game,Play it. Life is too precious,Do not destroy it.——Mother Teresa
【特蕾莎修女(又称做德兰修女、泰瑞莎修女,是世界敬重的天主教慈善工作者,1910 -1997):生活是一场游戏,尽情玩耍吧。生活也异常宝贵,千万别毁了它。】(J.J) ●Experience is a brutal,teacher, but you learn. My god,do you learn?——C.s.lewis.
【C. S. Lewis(英国著名学者、小说家 "纳尼亚传奇",1898-1963):经验是位残忍的老师,但你定会从中受益。我的上帝啊 你学到了吗?】(J.J)
◎Episode 14: Parasite(2010.02.03)
●If I am what I have, and if I lose what I have, Who,then,am I?——Erich Fromm
【Erich Fromm(德国心理学家,1900 -1980):若吾即本我 后又失本我 然我为何人?】(Rossi)
●Oh,what a tangled web we weave,When first we practice to deceive.——Walter Scott
【沃尔特·司各特(苏格兰历史小说家、诗人,1771-1832):哦,当我们第一次学会欺骗,我们得编织一张多么混乱的网啊。】(Prentiss){gaze谚语}.
◎Episode 15: Public Enemy(2010.02.10)
●Show me a hero And I will write you tragedy.——F. Scott Fitzgerald
【F. Scott Fitzgerald(美国小说家,1896 -1940 ):给我一位英雄,我还你一出悲剧。】(Rossi)
●When a father gives to his son, they both laugh.When a son gives to his father, Both cry.——William Shakespeare
【莎士比亚(英国文艺复兴时期剧作家、诗人,1564-1616):父为子付出,双方皆喜;子为父付出,双方皆悲。】(Rossi)
◎Episode 16: Mosley Lane(2010.03.03)
●Hope is the worst of evils, For it prolongs the torment of man.——Nietzsche
【尼采(德国著名哲学家,1844 -1900 ):希望是最邪恶的魔鬼,它不断延长着人们的痛苦。】(J.J)
●Hope is the thing with feathers,that perches in the soul,and sings the tune without words, And never stops at all.——Emily Dickinson
【艾米莉·狄金森(美国著名女诗人,1830-1886):希望是长着羽翼的生灵,于灵魂中幽栖;唱着无言的旋律,永不停息。】(J.J)
◎Episode 17: Solitary Man (2010.03.10)
●We're all of us sentenced to solitary confinement inside our own skins, for life.——Tennessee Williams
【Tennessee Williams(美国剧作家,1911-1983):骨子里为了生活,我们都判了自己孤独的禁闭。】(Prentiss)
●Family is a haven in a heartless world.——Christopher Lasch
【Christopher Lasch(美国历史学家,1932-1994):家是冷漠世界的避风港。】(Morgan)
◎Episode 18: The Fight (2010.04.07)
●I have found the paradox.That if you love until it hurts, there can be no more hurt, only more love.——Mother Teresa
【特蕾莎修女(又称做德兰修女、泰瑞莎修女,是世界敬重的天主教慈善工作者,1910 -1997):我终于明白了这个悖论,如果爱至成伤,你就会发现伤痛尽失,却平添爱意。】(Hotch)
●To open the blind eyes, to take the prisoner out of the prison and them.And them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.——以赛亚书42.7
【以赛亚书42.7:开瞎子的眼,领被囚的出牢狱。领坐于黑暗的出监牢。】(本集配角Prophet与Nelson G剧中台词)
(本集片尾没有出现名言)
◎Episode 19: Rite of Passage (2010.04.14)
●A lion's work hours are only when he's hungry,once he's satisfied, the predator and prey live peacefully together.——Chuck Jones
【Chuck Jones(美国动画大师、编剧、制片人,1912-2002):只有饥饿的时候 狮子才会出动捕猎,一旦饱腹,捕食者与猎物也就和平共处。】(Prentiss)
●Many persons have the wrong idea of what constitutes true happiness, it is not attained through self-gratification but through fidelity to a worthy purpose.——Helen Keller
【海伦·凯勒(美国聋盲女作家、慈善家、教育家,1880-1968):许多人对于什么是真正的幸福,都有着错误的观念,真正的幸福不是自我满足,而是忠实地为值得的目标自我奉献。】(Hotch)
◎Episode 20: A Thousand Words (2010.05.05)
●A sincere artist tries to create something which is in itself a living thing.——William Dobell
【威廉·多贝尔(澳洲画家,1899 -1970):一个真诚的艺术家会尽力创作有生命的作品。】(Rossi)
●I have seen children successfully surmount the effects of an evil inheritance, that is due to purity being an inherent attribute of the soul.——Gandhi
【甘地(印度民族主义运动和国大党领袖,1869-1948):孩子们不会为继承而来的罪恶所影响,因为灵魂的本质是纯净的。】(Hotch)
◎Episode 21: Exit Wounds(2010.05.12)
●Nature in her most dazzling aspects or stupendous parts,is but the background and theater of the tragedy of man.——John morley
【约翰·莫利(19世纪法国启蒙主义思想家,1838-1923):自然,她最叫人目眩神迷
汉译英练习
汉译英
翻译课题组
第一周 词的选择
注:
be in for 遭受; 参加(竞赛等); 请求得到(工作, 职位, 空缺等) be in for it 陷入困境; 骑虎难下; 势必受罚,
难免倒霉; 怀胎, 有孕
fair 好的,晴朗的(天气)
nature 脾气;特征
注:
wreath 花圈,花环,花冠 get on in years
年老,上年纪 nimble 灵活的,敏捷的
注:
burst into tears 突然大哭
wail
痛哭,哭诉,呜咽 fade away 消失; 逐渐减弱; 褪色
linger
逗留; 徘徊; 留恋; (疾病)缠绵; 拖延
gaze at 注视, 凝视
congeal v.(使)冻结, (使)凝结
注:
snigger vi.吃吃地笑, 窃笑 n.吃吃窃笑, 偷偷的笑 beaming adj.照耀的, 光亮的, 喜气洋洋的, 愉快的 giggle vi. 咯咯地笑, 痴笑{gaze谚语}.
注:
draw near at hand
走近,临近
adv.在手边, 在附近, 即将到来
第二周 词义引申
引申是语言的普遍现象,词义引申指不拘泥于词的字面意义或词典提供的语义、释义,而根据上下文作必要的调整和变动。不同的文体,引申的范围、内容、方式不尽相同。文艺作品中的引申,往往涉及作品的历史背景、社会习惯、风土人情、语气感情等;在技术类文体中,引申的出发点是现象、事实或主题相关的概念,引申往往从逻辑推断入手,考虑专业特点和语言习惯,符合逻辑思维的特点。
具体 ——抽象
在一定语境的基础上,可以从词义的虚实、抽象与具体概念大小、词义搭配等角度进行引申。
一般说来,英语词义内涵比较广泛,词的用法比较灵活,一词多义、一次多用的现象非常普遍,这也有助于表达比较概括、笼统的意义。但英语有过分使用抽象表达法的倾向。不少文体学家提倡具体与抽象相结合的选词法。与英语相比,汉语用词倾向于具体,常常以实的形式表达虚的概念,以具体的形象表达抽象的内容。
注: forlorn adj 被遗弃的;绝望的
他的话让我出了一身冷汗。
I was extremely terrified by his words. (具体 ——> 抽象)
他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟然会出现这么多的拦路虎。
He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way. (具体 ——> 抽象) 吃一堑,长一智。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
在最后一个例子中,汉语的“堑”与译文中的“pit”在词义上无论如何也是无法对应的,然而出于修辞角度,选用“pit”与“wit”同韵。
汉语虽然较缺乏抽象词语,但形象性词语(如比喻、成语、谚语、歇后语)等却相当丰富。汉语常常借助这类生动具体的词语来表达英语抽象笼统的意义。
他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水,七上八下,老是宁静不下来。(周而复:《上海的早晨》)
His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.
茗烟有嘱咐道:“不可拿进园去,叫人知道了,我就‘吃不了兜着走’了。”(曹雪芹:《红楼梦》)
“Don’t take them into the Garden,” Ming-yen warned him. “If they were found I’d be in serious trouble.”
唉,那是客臣的井蛙之见喽,所谓“情人眼里出西施”啦。(郭沫若:《屈原》)
Alas, that was owing to my ignorance, that is what is called partiality.
注: partiality n.偏爱
译出褒贬
任何一种语言在表达时都有可能被作者赋予一定的感情色彩,词的感情色彩一般分为褒、贬,或积极、消极,已经中性。有些色彩是显性的,很容易辨认,如:
坚忍不拔:firm and indomitable 顽固不化:incorrigibly obstinate 足智多谋:wise and resourceful 诡计多端:treacherous
注:indomitable adj.不屈服的, 不屈不挠的
incorrigible adj. 难纠正的; 不可救药的; 固执的
incorrigible bad habits 积习难改的坏习惯
incorrigibly adv.不能矫正地 obstinate adj.倔强的, 顽固的
treacherous adj.背叛的, 背信弃义的, 奸诈的, 叛逆的
须注意的事项
然而有些感情色彩是呈隐性的,需要依靠上下文才能看出,翻译时应注意准确传
unit1知识点{gaze谚语}.
Unit 1 The world of our senses.
【重点词汇讲解】
1.sense
n. 官能, 感觉, 判断力, 见识,……感, 意义, 理性
① The word “matter” has many senses.
matter这个词有许多意思。
② A dog has a keen sense of smell.
狗有灵敏的嗅觉。
③ When you touch ice, you have a sense of coldness.
你触摸冰时,会有冷的感觉。
④ He suddenly had a sense that someone was standing behind him.
突然他有一种有人站在他背后的感觉。
⑤ Mother has good sense.
妈妈有很好的判断力。
⑥ Now you are talking sense.
现在你说的还合情理。
⑦ The fresh air made her come to her senses again.
新鲜的空气使她又清醒过来。
vt. 作动词讲时[+名或代; +从句]感觉到;觉察,意识到
① The horse sensed danger and stopped.
那匹马意识到有危险,停了下来。
② She sensed what her teacher was thinking.
她感觉到了她的老师在想什么。
2.observe
vt. 看到;注意到
① Did you observe anything suspicious?
你注意值得怀疑的情况了吗/
② The policeman observed the man open the window (trying to force the lock of the door.) 那个警察看到那个人打开窗户(企图弄开门锁)。
③ They were observed to enter (entering) the bank.
他们被注意到进了银行。
④ We observed that it had turned sunny.
我们看到天已转晴。
vi. 注意;观察
① He observes keenly but says little.
他注意观察但很少讲话。
② He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. 他观察到羽毛落地缓慢,而石头降落得快得多。
③ I have little to observe on what has been said.
关于刚才所听到的我没什么好讲。
[派生] observable a.值得注意的;观察得到的
observation n.注意;观察;言论
observer n.注视者;观察者;遵守者
3.sight n. 情景;风景;目光;视力;看到;视野
① She lost her sight in an accident.
她在一次事故中失明了。
② Keep out of my sight!
别让我再看见你!
③ Out of sight,out of mind.
离久则情疏。(眼不见心不烦。)
④ The sight affected her to tears.
此情景使她感动得流泪。
⑤ The city is already within sight. (=…can be seen already)
城市已经望得见了。(在视野之中)
作“风景”讲时常用复数。如:
① The sunset was a beautiful sight.
日落是很美丽的景象。
② John enjoyed seeing the sights of the West Lake.
约翰很喜欢观赏西湖风景。
[搭配] have long/far sight 远视
have short/near sight 近视
have good/poor sight 视力好/差
have one‟s sight tested 视力检查
in sight 可看得见的,在视线内
out of sight 看不见的,在视程之外
catch/have /get sight of 突然瞥见
at the sight of 一看见……就
burst into sight / view 突然出现
at first sight 乍一看,第一眼。
[辨析]sight, scenery, view, scene
sight指“景色”是可数名词时,往往指眼见的景色,如供人游览的“景”和“名胜”,但尤指人工制成的景。
One of the beautiful sights is the castle.
那城堡是美景中的一个。
scenery是个不可数名词,含不管是否映入眼帘的风景。
The road passes through the most charming scenery.
这条大路穿过极为迷人的风景区。
view和scene所表达的景色都是scenery中的一部分,往往指自然景色。如:
① Do you enjoy the ten famous views of the West Lake?
你喜欢西湖十景吗?
② There is a lovely view from this window.
从这个窗子可以看到一片秀丽的景色。
③ There is a happy scene of children playing in the garden.
孩子们在花园里玩耍,好一派欢乐的景象。
另外,scene还可指舞台的场景。
4.rough adj. 粗糙的,不平的
① have a rough time
日子艰难。
② My hands are rough with work.
我的手由于劳动很粗糙。
③ The road is very rough.
路非常不平。
④ His manners are rough , but he is a kind man
他虽然举止粗鲁,但内心善良。
5.fear
n. 害怕,恐惧
① She turned pale with sudden fear.
她由于突然的恐惧脸都白了。
② There was a look of fear in his eyes, such as people have when they are suddenly awakened. 他眼中露出一种人们突然被叫醒时产生的恐惧神情。
③ He appeared calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear.
他外表镇静,内心却因害怕而心慌意乱。
④ There is no fear of his losing his way.
他不会迷路的。
⑤ I have a fear that we will be late. = I‟m afraid we will be late.
恐怕我们要迟到了。
v. 害怕, 畏惧, 为……担心, 敬畏(神等)
① I fear that I am late. = I‟m afraid that I am late.
我担心迟到了。
② Pure gold fears no fire.
真金不怕火炼。
③ I fear to speak in public.
我害怕在公共场合讲话。
④ She feared for the little boy‟s safety.
她担心这个小男孩的安全问题。
〖测试要点〗
(1)用于简略回答中。
-Is she going to die ?
-I fear so. 恐怕如此。
-Will he get well?
-I fear not. 恐怕不会好了。
(2)for fear (that) 由于害怕,生怕,以免。后跟的从句中用情态动词 might , would , should。
I took an umbrella with me for fear (that) it should rain.
我因为怕下雨而带雨伞去。
with fear 害怕地
shake with fear 吓得直哆嗦