2017广东高考作文评分标准

管理学  点击:   2012-09-16

2017广东高考作文评分标准篇一

修改:从标杆作文看2017年高考作文备考

从标杆作文看作文备考

深圳市教育科学研究院 葛福安

一.标杆作文对高考作文备考的意义

下面这张表格,是新课标卷的作文等级评分标准,被人们视为高考作文评分的部颁标准。这表张格对于评分的基本项目以及打分标准,都作出相当细致的分类分层的确定,但是,这个“部颁标准”到了各地高考评分现场,还会再加一个案例式的“地方解读”,主要表现为标杆作文。

2016年广东高考作文阅卷场也拿出了自己的17篇标杆作文。这17篇标杆作文是基于写够800字、能够完成整篇作文而制定的,残篇作文不在此例。这17篇标杆作文最低分10分,最高分58分。

标杆作文的产生,是高考作文阅卷专家小组成员集体讨论、研究、商定的结果。首先它体现出“此次”考场写作的现实。标杆作文取样于考卷场中,在一定的取样数量之中选择出多篇不同层次、不同等级的考卷,以待研究确定。其次,标杆作文均经过多方研究、斟酌,它们获得了充分的、全方位的关注,这种关注是一种高质量的打量,最后确定的标杆是经得起阅卷现场中各位阅卷操作者的质疑、询问和推敲的。第三,标杆作文的高密度细微差异,使它具有可信的标杆意义。和高考语文的分数呈仿锤分布相同,考场作文的现状也大致如此,所以,符合字数要求的考场作文真正的低分应该从35分起算起,至高分58分,标杆作文之间的分差高大为3分,最低为1分。而这分差又具体落实在三个分项打分上,这三个分项打

分是基础等级的内容和表达两项及发展等级的特征一项。

因此,从高考备考的角度来看这些标杆作文,它更可以被视为一个具体可感的作文备考样板。这个样板包含了一个完整的高考作文从审题到成文各种综合因素,这些因素中的经验和教训,都可以对具体的高考作文备考实践有着非常直观的指导和借鉴意义。

在表格中,我们按照平常教学中的惯常做法,把17篇标杆作文大致分为三类:低分作文、中等作文、高分作文。这种分数是以最后的总分为标准的。如果从每篇作文的三项分项打分来看的话,情况可能会更加复杂。

从标杆作文的写作内容上看,除去有跑题之嫌的几篇外(12-17),绝大多数作文都是符合题意或基本符合题意。

2016年全国I卷高考作文题中的这组漫画构思巧妙,以对比、变化的角度对所要求表达的内容和主题加以展现,简明、形象且有创意,符合学生实际和教育现实。总体而言,这组漫画的内容可以从五个层面予以分析、理解。

1.谈分数问题

学生、家长、教师过于看重分数,学生成绩尽管起点很高,但若有些许退步,仍会受到埋怨、责难甚至惩罚;学生成绩尽管起点很低,但若有些许进步,就会赢得鼓励奖赏。尽管两个学生的分数有着极大的差异和一些波动,但受到奖赏和惩罚的核心标准却是一致的,那就是分数,这反映了学生、家长、教师等对分数的超高关注度。标杆作文的2、3、7、8、9、10等几篇倾向于这一个层面。

2.谈教育现状

学生、家长、教师对分数的态度其实反映了目前教育中普遍存在着的功利化倾向----忽视了学生作为创新型人才的能力与素质的培养,片面追求分数,盲目追求升学率。而“分数”与“升学率”并不能真正代表学生的能力与素质,更无法衡量学生的成长与发展。从学生到家长,从学校到社区,各个层面的“唯分数论”既导致了教育误区的形成,也深深地自陷于这一教育沉疴而难以自拔。标杆作文的5、6、10、11、13等几篇倾向于这一个层面。

3.谈理性教育和教育科学问题

由分数问题、教育现状问题还可以进一步引申理性教育和科学教育层面的问题:单纯、直接、片面地由分数成绩产生的奖惩赏罚,不应成为家庭或学校教育孩子的主要手段。在这种僵化、单一的教育模式下成长的孩子,久而久之便会对分数产生依赖与恐惧并存的矛盾心理,这是应试教育的顽疾,是缺乏理性教育与科学教育的后果,更是素质教育应努力克服和解决的问题。标杆作文的1、2、10、11等几篇对这一个层面也有涉及。

4.谈心态问题

如果我们挖掘更深一层的含义,认真展开理性思考,跳出分数的小圈子来看依据分数来决定奖惩,就会发现,这还反映了当前社会上人们对进步、退步的态度,以及市场经济条件下普遍存在着的攀比竞争、急功近利、贪图眼前成败的浮躁心态。由于浮躁,短期行业似乎更受人关注,眼前利益可能更为人追逐,夸饰之风也许更被人艳羡,使人们无尽分析进步、退步的原因,而这种心态直接影响着我们的认知判断、价值取向和行为方式。标杆作文的2、5、6、10、13等几篇对这一个层面有所涉及。

5.谈评价问题

漫画中的所谓分数,亦可理解为评价,用分数来代表的评价,往往并非多元化评价,而是以某种的标准为尺度的单一化评价。无论教育还是其他诸多领域,对于人才及其发展能力的评价,都应力求摆脱单一、片面的评价机制,尊重学生的个性差异,多用几把尺子来衡量不同的学生,推进更为科学的多元化的评价,以促进人的全面发展、可持续发展为根本。标杆作文的1、3、4、5、9、10等几篇对这一个层面有所涉及。

二.高、中、低三档标杆作文对高考作文备考的启发

我们以总分把17篇标杆作文分为低、中、高三档作文,以“禁飞区”、“生活区”、“风景区”名之,试图从中到得一些高考备考的不为、可为与大有作为的地方。

1.从标杆作文看考场材料作文有哪些“禁区”

从10分至39分的7篇低分作文中,我们大致归纳出具有一般意义的四大“误区”:

(1)材料作文话题化

最为典型的例子是那篇10分的作文。这篇文章属于“偏离题意”。评分细则对“偏离题意”的界定是“离开漫画中所提供的内容与信息,文本内容与“符合题意、基本符合题意”中提及的内容、信息完全无关,比如空谈“宽容、理解、心理健康”等。这篇考场作文的核心词是“苦难”。这位考生在看到漫画后,可能是没有紧扣漫画的一些要素去做具体的分析,有可能是“苦难”两字非常强烈地闪现于他的大脑,就不顾其它了。这种思维,在写作教学中或者写作的审题过程中,并不少见。但这种“闪念”是凭直觉而生的,而且它不是一种正确的直觉,甚至连“似是而非”都算不上。而考场作文的审题,应该对这样的 “闪念”进行探究、思考,一见钟情式的审题,是相当有风险的。对于这个风险,语文老师应该进行矫正,指导。当然,这篇文章还有一个致命的问题是用事例代替分析,这放到另外一篇标杆作文再作说明。

在学生的高考备考实际中,阅读材料后概括出核心词语,然后仅仅围绕核心词语进行多层论证,而不涉及材料的情况也为数不少。

材料作文的话题化写作,从文体写作特征上看,是对材料作文下的议论文写作认识不清所致;从考场作文的角度看,是对考场作文打击套作的无视所致;从能力的考查角度看,是对考场作文注重分析问题能力与表达分析问题能力的的忽视所致;从备考的角度看,是过于重视话题作文的“点式写作”,过分注重话题素材的积累而缺乏对素材的纵深分析所致;从学生的写作实践角度看,是没有摆脱中考的半命题或概念命题以及过去高考话题作文的影响所致。

因此,非常有必要强化学生对材料作文写作的认知,避免陷入低分作文的泥淖之中。

(2)大论公理说废话

这方面的例子是第13篇标杆作文。这篇文章的题目是“人无完人”。这个结论,能从材料(漫画)中概括得出来:第一个男孩第一次考了100分,奖“吻痕”一枚,第二次得98分,赐“掌印”一记。赏罚失当,不应该,为什么呀?因为人无完人,不可能永远保持完美的分数(100分)。但是,人无完人,是个 “公理”,就如同“地球是圆的”,虽然曾经不是公理,但现在是了。“公理”是指依据人类理性的不证自明的基本事实,经过人类长期反复实践的考验,不需要再加证明的基本命题。

高考题的写作要求上明确要求“选好角度,确定立意”。 “人无完人”只能算是个意思,不能算是你这篇文章的立意。因为这个意思不具备“立”的特征,是放之四海而皆准。“立意”的确定不仅要让读者看出作者对事物的认识,不管是深刻还是肤浅,更要让读者看出这篇文章的必要性。虽然2016年高考作文的要求“选好角度,确定立意”的表述,不如2015年的“体现你的思考、权衡与选择”指向清楚明白,但是,写作文,就是要看出作者的观点、看出作者对生活的关注度、思维清晰度和情怀。

在平常的作文备考中,有不少作文是在试图证明“公理”,像“看待事物要一分为二”,像“读万卷书,行万里路”,像“物质决定意识”等等,这些还真的都不能算是“立意”。有这样一则材料:沈阳市政在冬天落叶后的城市道路两旁的树上装上假叶子的做法,引得大家吐槽。有学生写的文章是“顺应自然”,而这是中国传统哲学流派道家的核心思想,当然不能做为文章的观点来论证。

(3)并列结构很僵化

这方面典型的例子是第14篇。三段并列的句子,把一篇文章分成四个隔断:个人要前进,社会要前进,民族要前进。个人要前进,塞进去个时髦的屠呦呦;社会要前进,塞进去“老人摔倒如何扶”“青岛天价虾”“旅游宰客”;民族要前进,塞进去“综合国力”。

虽然,评卷者也不能给这种作文过低的分,毕竟它结构完整,它的中心观点“xx,只有前进,方能成其X”也和作文材料(漫画)有点关系。但是,这种并列式的文章结构,是一种僵化的模式,是模板化写作,甚至可以说是套作。教育部考试中心张开在解读2015年高考作文特点时指出,目前,教育部考试中心和省级考试机构对作文试题评价主要依据六条标准:可写性、选择性、导向性、探究性、防套性、难易度。而其中对所谓“防套性”的解说为:防套性是指防止考生拿别人或者自己的旧作稍加改动作为应试作文。

但是,这类僵化的并列式作文,在有些语文老师那里还被视为得分的妙法,当然,他也清楚,这样的作文,也不可能得更高的分,但是,有些老师把这种写法看成是议论文写作低幼水平得以快速提升而不拉低班级均分的办法,这在提升学生思维发展方面,是一种不作为的做法。

(4)文体特征模糊化{2017广东高考作文评分标准}.

这方面典型的例子是第11篇。这篇得39分的标杆作文,全文总共三段,却显现出两种文体色彩:前两段是记叙文的模样,最后一段是议论文的意思。把三段文字放在一起看,这种先改写再议论式的组合,整篇文章就会给人“文体不明确”不伦不类的感觉,甚至让人怀疑,作者在写这篇文章时,确定文体时的游移不定。

“明确文体”是个最基本的要求。就是要求考生写什么像什么,不能写出“四不像”。它的背后是考生写出的文章,应该有非常突出的文体色彩,这个要求,如同“不得抄袭”“不能套作”一样,也属于考场写作的“底线”。不同的文体,有着不同的属性。这种明确的规定性,决定了考生的这篇文章是从什么样的角度、采取什么样的言语形式进行的写作。所以,从考查考生写作基本能力的角度,作文题目还是有必要画一个最基本的“圈”。因此,从过去的“文体不限”到现在的“明确文体”,文体的要求都是作为一个基本要求写入题目之中的。

当然,如果高考作文题目不强烈要求“写篇议论文”,那在文体的选择上,还是有“开

明”一面的,不会是议论文“独霸天下”。但是,选择写什么文体是一种自由,但选择一种文体后,就有了自由选择的“不自由”,写出来的文章,就要有这种文体的基本特征。因此,写作时不能有文体上的左右摇摆,游移不定,要“从一而终”,一以贯之。

而具体的写作实际却是,每年总会有一些考生写出些“四不像”的文章。有些平常阅读到的“心灵鸡汤”多半也是一事一议的,这类文章多出现于《读者》这类通俗类杂志上,有些作家的文章,如台湾作家刘镛,多半也是这样一个模式。但是,在材料作文的写作上,这类文体不纯的文章,多半是不能得很不同凡响的分数的。备考时,学生写作如有这个倾向,老师需要为学生点出并加以纠正。

2.从标杆作文看考场中等作文可以从何处突破

这里的中等作文,得分在41至49之间。在学生写作的实际中,这是个“大肚子”,集中了非常多的数量。有些人甚至觉得,如果在考场中能写到49分,已经非常好了。当然,这也说明作文的高分多么难以获得,也说明高考作文的得分是那么不能让人确定。我们的很多考生,能估计到自己的理科成绩,而且非常准确,那是有答案便能准确估计的学科。但是,高考作文没有这种可能。这里面原因非常复杂,不可能说得清楚,说清楚也没有多大意思。但是,从标杆作文的中等作文里,我们可以看出大多数考生的考场写作现状,也能看出一般的一些问题。在这些方面有所突破,从中等作文升格到高分作文,或者比较稳妥地居于中等作文的高分位,也不能说没有可能。

从这5篇中等作文中,我们归纳出,冲破“中等收入陷阱”可以从如下四个方面入手:

(1)突破例证局限

这方面典型的例子是第10篇。这篇文章的主体部分以乔布斯、爱迪生两个名人为主要论证内容。且不说两个名人的顺序列置不当,两个名人事例与议论中心无法融和。题目是“不以成绩论英雄”,乔布斯和爱迪生基本是百度搬家,引而不论,引而不析。写作要求所使用的材料对于所说明的论点是足够的和必要的,并且是作了具体分析的。堆积一大堆不能说明问题的材料,是没有意义的。这个“能说明”,靠的就是作具体分析,“堆积材料”的做法不可取。

怎样让材料不显出“堆积”的样子?那就是具体分析。所谓具体分析,就要剖开事物的表面,去看事物内在的“纹理”,通常要从原因与结果、条件与结果、正面与反面等几个方面去看,事物所反映的“理”就可能被剖析出来。如同水果里的甜,海水里的盐;把现象背后的实质分析出来,就能显出作者认识事物的能力,分析问题的水平。这样的材料,已经成为“建筑”中的一部分,而不是胡乱堆放在材料存放场的材料,它已经有所“立”,有所形,有所神,已经受文章的主旨立意的引领,已经是一个神形兼备的文章的“局部”。

写议论文,讲道理、说原因、谈做法,都是重在说理,举例也是在说理,以理取胜方为上上策。不少考生在看到作文题目后的第一反应是:我要什么样的例子来写这篇作文。或者,我平常准备的哪个例子可以用到这篇作文里。所以,有一时期,屈原、司马迁、陶渊明、李白、杜甫、苏东坡在考场作文中的出镜率特别高,再就是每年一度的感动中国人物的颁奖词特别走俏,所以,考场作文的圈子里曾有这样的流行语“名人开会”“事例排队”的现象,甚至有名师高人指点:“理不够,事来凑。”

但是,不用例子,还能写出作文吗?至今仍有学生这样问。不用例子,当然能写出文章来。那怎样写?那就讲理呗,本来嘛,议论文议论文,你不议论,哪来的“议论文”!这方面,可以进行一些专项的段落训练来落实。

(2)强化原因分析

这方面典型的例子是第6篇。这一篇49分的文章,主要靠原因分析支撑。分析原因,可见一篇文章作者之“识”。

文章开篇引述漫画材料后,从对漫画中家长对两类不同的学生的态度的理解来写,把注

2017广东高考作文评分标准篇二

广东专用-2017高考英语作文范文背诵

2017高考英语作文范文背诵

一、如何提建议—— 给交友有困难的同学提建议

I am sorry you are having trouble in making friends.

【引出建议】Here are some tips to help you.

【列举建议】First, why not go and talk to people standing on their own. I agree this is difficult but that person may be lonely too. If you do this, I am sure you will soon have a new friend. Second, you can begin the conversation by asking about their likes and dislikes,【理由】which will make you find people with the same interests. Finally, you should try to join in a discussion, 【理由】letting people know how friendly you are. I hope you will find these ideas useful.

二、列举个例 —— 良好饮食习惯

As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s important for us to form healthy eating habits. However, some students have formed a variety of bad eating habits, such as not having breakfast, loving eating snacks, being particular about food, eating and drinking too much and so on, which will surely do harm to their health. To keep healthy, we should have healthy diets. Not only should we have various foods, like fish, meat, vegetables, fruits as well as rice, noodles, but also we should have the foods regularly and properly. Personally, I think it is important to keep a healthy diet, which contributes to building up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.

三、举例说明 —— 和谐师生关系对你的影响

【要证明的观点】Actually, having a good relationship with teachers makes it easier for us to get along smoothly with our study at school. 【引出例子】Take me for example. 【例子】My teacher is my good friend. When I fail in the exam, it is my teacher that first helps m to analyze the problem. She is patient enough to make me get over all the difficulties in my study. When I am unhappy she always listens to me carefully and then gives me some reasonable suggestions, so that I can focus on my study soon. Also, I have learned to be helpful and considerate.

【重申主题】But for(要不是) the good relationship with my teachers, I could not have made such progress. 套语背诵

1.There is no denying that confidence plays an important role in our life.

A convincing example that jumps into my mind is about speaking English.

2.Such example can be seen easily in our daily life. A good case in point is …

这样的例子在生活中很容易见到,一个很好的例子就是……

四、讨论或辩论 —— 禁止乞丐在地下人行道行气留宿

【引出主题】Recently, Guangzhou has passed a law to ban beggars from begging and sleeping in the subways and our class had a discussion about it last Monday.

【反对及其理由】56% of the students don’t agree with the idea because they think some beggars really have difficulty in making a living and have to play music in the subway to survive.

【赞成及其理由】However, 44% of the students favour the idea because they think beggars bring a lot of trouble for the city. What’s more, some beggars are just taking advantage of people’s compassion to make easy money.

【个人看法】Personally, I think it is a good idea to forbid beggars in public places and we should take some measures to help them.

五、利弊对比 —— 网购的利弊

【点明主题】Nowadays many people prefer to shop on line. 【罗列益处】

Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First, it’s convenient for us to shop on line. Secondly, it helps save much time, with which we can do more other important things. 【罗列弊端】But just as the saying goes, every coin has two sides. Its negative aspects are also apparent. One of the disadvantages is that we are not sure whether the goods we buy are in good quality. 【你的观点】Through the above analysis, I believe that positive aspects of shopping on line for outweigh negative ones. Therefore, I would like to shop on line.

六、采访类 —— 中学生英语单词拼写的问题

Last Wednesday, I had an interview with Mr Wang, an English teacher, concerning the issue of English word spelling among middle school students. According to Mr Wang, slightly more than half of the senior middle school students’ English handwriting is very poor and about 45% of them can not spell words correctly although they are able to speak. He also pointed out that the causes for spelling problems are that there are no specific word spelling checks in exams, and there is not enough training. Worse still, the students are lazy to memorize word spelling. He suggested that we should raise the awareness and place great emphasis on that, and above all, we should master skills while we are training ourselves.

七、调查类—— 21世纪最令人担忧的问题

Last week, we made/did a survey among 500 Senior Two students about the most worrying problems in the 21st century. The survey shows that 32% of the students think that they worry about the natural disasters(自然灾害)most, for earthquakes and floods have taken many people’s lives. Besides, 29% of the students hold the opinion that environmental pollution(环境污染)is the most worrying problem while 17% of the students consider the housing problem(住房问题)to be the most worrying one. The percentage of the students who worry most about employment(就业问题) is the same as that of the students who worry most about food safety(食品安全). As for myself, food safety is the most worrying problem because it is linked closely to our health.

八、心得体会 —— 诚实/ 勿以善小而不为

1. After reading the story, I am so touched by Alan, whose behavior is worth praising. There is no doubt that honesty still plays a very important role in people’s life and only those who are honest will be trusted and respected by people. (诚实)

3.After reading the story, I was lost in thought. I came to realize that people should never ignore the deed of small kindness. Your small good deeds sometimes will get big returns or make a great difference! (勿以善小而不为)

九、记叙事件经过或过程 —— 日记或游记

【总述】Today we visited Qinghua University.

【过程】 Early in the morning we arrived at the gate of Qinghua University, where we were warmly welcomed by an old professor, who then showed us around the campus. In the library, we saw some university students reading attentively in the reading rooms. After that, we came to the lab building. At the end of the visit, the old professor gave us a lecture on science in the afternoon, which interested us very much. Time passed so quickly that before we knew it, it was time that we had to say goodbye to the professor.

【结果】Since then, I have worked harder at my lessons than usual and made up my mind to be a student of Qinghua University.

十、人物简介 ——用英语简介李敏同学

【姓名职务与特点】 Li Min, monitor of Class 1 Grade 2 (同位语), is healthy and lively. 【成绩与爱好】 She does well in all her subjects, and she is fond of sports, singing and dancing. 【事迹】 When she came to school, she had much difficulty with English, but through hard work she made great progress. In 2006 she took part in the National Physics Olympic Competition and won the first prize. Li Min is very strict with herself in her work and daily life, and is always ready to help others.

相关短语:

1. be admitted into a key university 考上重点大学

2. major in law主修法律

3. get a master’s degree 获得硕士学位

4. graduate from Harvard University 毕业于哈佛大学

5. win the first prize 获得一等奖

6. win a gold medal 赢得一枚金牌

7. become a world champion 成为世界冠军

8. set a good example to us 给我们树立了良好的榜样

{2017广东高考作文评分标准}.

9. be highly thought of 受到好评

10.be awarded a medal for 因……而获得奖章

11.be awarded the title of 获得…称号

12.devote ...to ... 把…专用于/奉献给

13. born of a poor clerk ’s family 出生在一个贫困的小职员家庭中

十一、假设处境 —— 假如你当时在场,你会怎样做?

If I had been on the spot, I would have jumped into the river to rescue the child on the condition that I could swim. If not, I would have first called the police and then persuaded the people on the boat and the swimmers nearby to help. (湖北大学生为救溺水小孩死三人事件)

十二、说明异同 —— 古典音乐与流行音乐的异同

【同】From the point of many people, there are many similarities between classical music and pop music. Both of them can make people relax and enjoy life as well. 【异】 However, the differences are also obvious. Classical music can remind them of the sweet memories in the past. Besides, classical music, which was made by the famous musicians like Beethoven is in high class and can last long, while the words of pop music are often concerned with modern life, even true love between friends or lovers. What’s more, pop music is easy to sing. 十三、图表作文

1. 【总述现象】 From the chart, we can see clearly that there has been a sharp rise in the average income of Chinese farmers in the past 30 years. (从上表可以清楚地看出, 在最近30年里中国农民的人均收入急剧上升。)

2.【数据变化】 As early as 1978, the average income of Chinese farmers was only 193 yuan . Then only 16 years later, it increased to 2181.52 yuan. And by 2010, the average income of Chinese farmers had reached 7890 yuan, which was 40 times as much as 30 years ago.

3.【解释原因】There are many reasons accounting for this change. Firstly ... Secondly ... Finally ...

有许多原因可以解释这种变化。第一……第二……最后……

4. 【阐述观点】 As far as I’m concerned, I firmly support the policy of reform and opening up, which is the exact way to make China powerful.

(就我来说, 我坚决支持改革开放政策, 改革开放是强国之路。)

十四、地点简介 —— 介绍广州

Guangzhou, the third largest city in China, also known as Five-lamb City, Flower City and so on, serves as the capital city of Guangdong Province. This city covers a total area of 7, 434 square kilometers with a population of more than ten million. Guangzhou, a famous city with a history of more than 2, 200 years, is a starting port of the Silk Road on the sea in history. With the Pearl River winding its way through the city, Guangzhou enjoys a warm and wet climate. The beautiful city, well-known for its beautiful scenery, is also abundant in traveling resources. 十五、邀请信 —— 邀请外籍老师参加学校新年晚会

Dear Mr. Green,

On behalf of the Students’ Union, I’m writing this letter to invite you to participate in our New Year Evening. The party is going to be held in the school meeting hall from 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. next Friday. Many wonderful performances, presented by the teachers and students in our school, will be shown on the stage, such as the

Chinese folk songs and dances, Chinese musical instruments, short plays of traditional style and so on. So it will surely offer you a good opportunity to obtain a clearer picture of Chinese traditional culture. We should be very delighted if you could come; meanwhile, our evening would be more cheerful if you could give a performance. We are looking forward eagerly to your participation.

Yours,

Li Ming

十六、节日简介 ——介绍端午节

[时间] The Dragon Boat Festival, a traditional Chinese festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese calendar. It dates from over 2000 years ago, which falls on June 6th this year. [方式] On this day, Chinese people prepare Zongzi — glutinous(粘黏的) rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. As the festival name shows, people have dragon boat races to celebrate it, especially in the southern places where there are many rivers and lakes. [意义] The Dragon Boat Festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, a great poet of ancient China.

十七、兴趣爱好 —— 我最喜欢的运动是游泳

My favorite sport is swimming. 【喜欢的程度】I first became interested in swimming when I was eight in primary school. Now I am a member of my school swimming team and I keep on swimming every day in the river near my home even in winter. 【喜欢的原因】I like swimming because it can not only help me build up my body, but also enrich my life. 【最喜欢的运动员】In this sport, although I like Liu Yu, I admire Michael Phelps, who is one of the best athletes in the world and got 8 gold medals in Beijing Olympics. 【愿望】How I wish to be an Olympic champion some day!

十八、通知 —— 举办“中学生才艺大赛”的通知

Notice

A “High School Students Talent Show” will be held in Guangzhou Television Station on May 1. There will be eight kinds of talents, including speeches, songs, dances, and musical instruments playing etc. One 1st prize, three 2nd prizes and five 3rd prizes for each type of talent will be offered at the show. If you’d like to have a try, please go to the TV station to sign up before April 30. It’s a good chance for you to show your special talent.

The Students Union

十九、分析原因 —— 分析极端天气出现的原因

[指出现象与引出原因] Reasons for extreme temperatures are varied. [分析原因] For one thing, human’s activities like burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide, which make the globe warmer, causing the global temperature to go up. For another, people’ s cutting down trees that can absorb large quantities of carbon dioxide for furniture also contributes to the warming of the earth, which gives rise to extreme temperatures.

二十、问题解决 —— 建设绿色校园{2017广东高考作文评分标准}.

In order to build a green campus, we need to take the following steps. (学校) On the one hand, the school should make rules and regulations to prevent students doing something harm to our green campus.(学生) On the other hand, students should take some classes to raise their awareness. I don’t doubt that our campus will be more beautiful if we work together.

二十一、说明重要性 —— 责任心的重要性

[提出观点] Responsibility is essential to us. [论证] (正面)It not only represents one’s noble quality, but also enables one to be steady-going. Being responsible, you will gain many precious things, such as true love. (反面) Without responsibility, however, you will be an annoyance and can’t do anything successfully. What’s worse,people will lose belief in you if you are irresponsible. [总结] In short, only when we are responsible will we be respected and loved by others.

二十二、发表看法 —— 假期外出旅游

Nowadays, more and more people are in favor of travelling during vacation. [表明观点] To be frank, I can’t agree more with it. [说明理由] There are several factors contributing to my point. In the first place, journeys can widen

our knowledge of geography, customs, cultures and lifestyles of different places and countries and enrich our experiences. In the second place, it is a good way to relax ourselves in my opinion. Furthermore, we can develop better relationship with our friends or family. [得出结论] Therefore, it goes without saying that we can benefit a lot from travelling.

二十三、观点对比 —— 说说人们对幸福的理解

[引出不同观点] Opinions are divided on the feeling of happiness. [观点一] Some people believe that if they have much money or many things, they will be happy. With great wealth, they will be able to do everything they want, with which they will be happy. [观点二] On the other hand, some people regard their intelligence, or their health as their great happiness. [观点三] Still others maintain that happiness is closely tied to their family, for they believe that they feel happy when all members of their family are happy and healthy.

二十四、经历感受 —— 拔苗助长

The story reminds me of a similar experience of my friend. He was once badly ill and went to see the doctor. The doctor gave him some pills, telling him to take them three times a day. However, he failed to follow the doctor’s advice and took them 6 times a day. To his great surprise, he became worse. Just as the old saying goes, “more haste less speed”. No matter what we do, we should obey the law of nature. It is the same with our studies. Only by learning step by step can we achieve something.

二十五、概况记叙文的内容要点

The author tells a story about (某人)a Chinese student with an excellent academic achievement who (做某事) couldn’t find a job in Germany (原因) because of his stealing rides at the subway, (启示)which shows honesty is the best policy.

二十六、概况说明文的内容要点

A survey made in Australia shows (现象) that many teenagers lack one hour’s sleep (原因) due to organized activities and homework, (结果)which results in such serious problems as slow progress in study, weight problem, depression, illness and so on.

二十七、概况议论文的内容要点

The passage tries to tell us (论点) that getting up early in the morning (论据) will benefit us a lot, including a better memory, healthier body and better preparation for the day.

常见英语谚语50句

【勇气篇】

1. No cross, no crown. 不经历风雨,怎么见彩虹?

2. Life is not all roses. 人生并不是康庄大道。

3. All things are difficult before they are easy. 凡事总是由难而易。

4. Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

5. Let bygones be bygones. 过去的就让它过去吧。

6. Never too old to learn, never too late to turn. 亡羊补牢,为时未晚。

7. Never say die. 永不言败。

8. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。

9. A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

10. No gains without pains. 吃得苦中苦方为人上人。

11. Success belongs to the persevering. 坚持就是胜利。

12. He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。

【惜时篇】

13. Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。

14. It is never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。

15. Time flies. 光阴似箭。

16. Lost time is never found again. 岁月既往,一去不回。

2017广东高考作文评分标准篇三

广东省2017年中考作文不得不说的失分陷阱

广东省2017年中考作文不得不说的失分陷阱

失分陷阱一 书写与卷面

(一)乱涂乱改

现在是电脑阅卷,字迹模糊、扫描不清就会丢失信息,老师看得吃力无疑会影响分数。书写工整、卷面整洁的作文使人赏心悦目,印象分立即增加;字迹潦草、涂改得难以辨认的作文,无形中会被多扣分。

(二)错别字、标点错误

由于考生平时字词基础不过关,或者有“提笔忘字”的现象,导致在考场写作文时常写错别字。广东中考“作文评分标准”中明确指出:文中接二连三出现错别字,自然会被扣分。还有的考生平时不注意标点符号的使用,全篇均使用逗号或者句号,让阅卷老师无法句读,或者存在明显的标点符号使用错误,这些都会被扣分。广东中考“作文评分标准”

(三)字数

广东中考“作文评分标准”字数是硬伤,考生一定要想方设法让自己的作文字数达到要求。

失分陷阱二 标题{2017广东高考作文评分标准}.

(一)忘写标题

广东中考“作文评分标准”即使你的作文再好,忘写标题,就会被扣2分。

(二)审题——若即若离

近年来,广东中考作文多以“半命题”形式出现,大多都有导语,

考生要在所给题目、导语范围内进行审题与写作,不可抛开话题、另辟蹊径地“信马由缰”。否则,就会不着边际,偏离话题。

(三)入题——开门不见山

中考作文因字数、时间的限制,不可能写得太多,理应开门见山,开宗明义,亮明观点,特别是考场作文,开门见山地向阅卷老师展现作文的主旨大意,对于取得好的成绩来说十分重要。但有相当多的考生往往出现“入题慢”的弊病,引用原材料或可有可无的内容占很大篇幅。

(四)扣题——蜻蜓点水

写作文从头到尾没有出现与题目关键词相近的表述,扣题不紧,看不出是就所给的特定题目而写的文章。

失分陷阱三 立意

(一)以偏概全

由于忽略对给定题目的整体解读,匆忙在脑海中搜索事例或者名人名言,导致确立的观点或者选择的材料不能完全符合命题意图。

(二)刻意拔高

在立意时强行超越自己的认知水平,刻意提升理论高度,导致假话、空话、套话以及废话连篇累牍。

(三)面面俱到

对导引材料的关键词、提示语不做分析和选择,无一遗漏地组织进去。想要面面俱到,反而面面俱失。

失分陷阱四 选材

(一)盲目堆砌

选用的素材并不是自己确实了解的,仅凭模糊的记忆随意拼装组合甚至胡编乱造,往往在选材真实性上出现错误,用错误的论据来证

明论点。或者材料陈旧苍白,缺乏厚重感。要么记叙一件事,有骨架没血肉;要么议论一个道理,观点+例子+结论,缺分析少论证;要么连例子都没有,翻来覆去,空谈漫议,写到哪儿算哪儿,目的就是为了凑够字数。

(二)绑架古人作虚假证人证言

无论什么题目、什么观点,一旦构思写作,就直接“穿越”到古代,这样不仅有违“联系实际”的写作要求,有违论据典型性的原则,而且大多无法支撑观点,即无法证明观点。

失分陷阱五 结构

(一)虎头蛇尾

由于没有分配好答题时间,以致在写作文时来不及写完,结尾用一句话硬断,或点上一串省略号,亦或干脆空在那儿。无论哪一种情况,都会被视为未完篇,虎头蛇尾的文章是要被扣分的。{2017广东高考作文评分标准}.

(二)层次模糊

写记叙文应遵从“开端—发展—高潮—结尾”的思路。写议论文应按照“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”或“是什么—为什么—怎么做”的一般性逻辑来增加层次感与梯次性,将思想内容有逻辑层次地进行深度表达,有力地证明观点。切忌通篇都是叙述,看起来全为铺陈而没有发展节点,如流水账一般。

失分陷阱六 语言

(一)堆砌浮华

堆砌辞藻或是片面追求修辞方法的丰富,不能为文章中心服务,对提高作文分数起不到多大作用。

(二)艰涩难懂

有的考生喜欢使用缩写、英文单词、网络语言,其实这是要冒一

定风险的。有些阅卷教师对这类语言很反感,这对考生就有害无利。因此,考生应当使用优美、有内涵的语言来表情达意,使用最规范、最传统的语言来写作,最好不用或少用网络语言。

2017广东高考作文评分标准篇四

2017年深圳一模作文分析

22.【写作】(60分)

2017深圳一模作文审题解读及阅卷指导 【原题】22.阅读下面的材料,根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分)

小朱向父母坦陈了自己酝酿很久的一个想法:辞职回家和父母一起养螃蟹。父亲觉得小朱好不容易读完大学,当了大公司的网络工程师,待遇又好,工作又体面;如果回家养螃蟹,这些不都白费了?母亲则建议小朱先跟着他们到蟹塘去体验一下。小朱抓了一天螃蟹,才真正体会到父母养蟹的辛苦。不过,他仍然觉得发挥自己的专长,做“电商”卖螃蟹也很有前景;如果成为镇里第一个卖螃蟹的大学生,也是挺光彩的。

要求结合材料内容及含意,选好角度,确定立意;明确文体,自拟标题;不要套作,不得抄袭,不得泄漏个人信息。

第一部分:题型解读与内涵解析

一、这是一篇情景型+叙事体+新材料驱动+隐含性驱动任务作文题目。 .....................

情景型+叙事体

1. 情景片段与叙事流程

材料由三个情景片段、前后有因果联系的叙事体故事组成。

情景一:小朱向父母交流就业与创业的想法。父母发表不同的意见。(故事的开端与发.....

展)

小朱向父母坦陈了自己酝酿很久的一个想法:辞职回家和父母一起养螃蟹。

父亲觉得小朱好不容易读完大学,当了大公司的网络工程师,待遇又好,工作又体面;如果回家养螃蟹,这些不都白费了?

母亲则建议小朱先跟着他们到蟹塘去体验一下。

情景二:小朱听取并实践母亲的意见的收获。(故事的再发展)

小朱抓了一天螃蟹,才真正体会到父母养蟹的辛苦。

情景三:小朱经过和父母交流以及自己劳动体验后坚持了自己的想法。(故事的结局) 不过,他仍然觉得发挥自己的专长,做“电商”卖螃蟹也很有前景;如果成为镇里第一个卖螃蟹的大学生,也是挺光彩的。

2.叙事体中的人物

小朱、小朱的父亲、小朱的母亲。

3.叙事体的主要内容

小朱就业与创业与父母的交流、自己亲身实践以及选择的结果。

新材料

选取的材料不是名言名句、诗词寓言故事等,而是现实中正在发生的、有矛盾冲突的、不同价值观碰撞的时事热点或现实故事。

叙事性新材料驱动作文,需要我们全面综合理解材料的内容及含意,建立驱动任务。具体操作上,需要把握叙事性材料的主要情节与事件(或者关键句)、重要细节以及它们的延伸拓展内涵、并在全过程扫描事件中提取相关要素去建立驱动任务。在写作过程中,无论从哪个角度审题立意,主要情节与事件(或者关键句)及其拓展延伸内涵必须涉及,否则属于偏题离题。

隐含性驱动任务

驱动任务不是明确的,题目中并没有出现“对以上事情,你怎么看?”或者“比较、权衡、思考”等明确驱动任务的要求。但是“结合材料内容及含意”表明需要对材料总体把握,

概括分析其原意与内涵,提出驱动任务,完成写作。

角色驱动:驱动作文有对象意识、交流意识,情感意识。写作中有这三种意识说明驱动任务角色表达到位。

在此说明

隐含性驱动作文和材料作文并不矛盾,而是有内在关联,不过审题立意与写作着力点不同而已。材料作文可以不同角度、不同话题立意,在材料内容及含意范围即可。隐含性驱动作文也可以不同角度、不同话题展开驱动任务,但每个话题产生的驱动任务必须紧扣材料的主体与核心,并且在分析中针对材料隐含的潜在矛盾冲突和社会现实进行比较、思考和权衡。也就是说,隐含性驱动作文和非隐含驱动作文区别在于非隐含驱动作文驱动任务的单一性和明确性;隐含性驱动可以就材料内涵的多元性产生多种驱动任务,这点和材料作文多角度立意相同。不同的是,在审题与写法上,隐含性驱动作文强调问题冲突的呈现与分析比较权衡。

作文写作立意概说

本材料隐含性驱动,大体有五个主要方面立意:

1.小朱创业想法与实施(知与行等);

2.小朱创业和父母的沟通(平等尊重接纳思考、代际沟通等);

3.小朱对就业创业的认知(选择职业创业的价值与标准);

4.创业与专长相结合。

{2017广东高考作文评分标准}.

5.家庭教育的开放性与和谐度对人的成长

从小朱角度、创业就业标准角度、父母角度、知与行角度等均可。

二、叙事体材料细节、要素及背后的内涵解析

1.情景细节、要素的详细解读与内涵解析

情景中人物及关系一:

“小陈;小陈和父母坦陈”

内涵解析:小陈和父母关系平等而友好、能够交流和分享不同的意见。

“酝酿很久”

内涵解析:小陈是一个有自我独立想法、思想相对比较成熟的青年。

“辞职回家和父母一起养螃蟹”

内涵解析:小陈有独立思想和行动的决断力,看好父母养螃蟹的职业(经济上、事业发展上、家庭生活上),也可能有些年轻人的不成熟的盲目与冲动。

小陈喜欢和父母在一起的生活,希望事业发展和照顾父母共同生活兼顾。

父亲:

“父亲觉得小朱好不容易读完大学,当了大公司的网络工程师,待遇又好,工作又体面;如果回家养螃蟹,这些不都白费了?”

内涵解析:父亲不同意的理由:①担心农村孩子能通过读书上大学并获得来之不易的工作,如果失去这“铁饭碗”,读书的辛苦可能是白费了;②担心大学的专业知识是否浪费,已经获得的职业工作带来的现实的身份地位与经济价值以及背后体现的真正专业能力创造出的社会价值与个人价值是否会完全失去;③读书成功获得有保障的职业,收入待遇好,工作体面,这应该是物质与精神上的双重满足,而辞职回乡,在父亲看来,是对过去的否定,并且在家乡其他人看来,是没有面子的事。

父亲是一位有丰富社会经验和对现实有充分考量、对在一个好单位工作、获得不错的待遇、体面地工作十分关注的老年人。在儿子的事情上有自己的主张和看法并试图左右或者引领孩子,甚至用体面来给孩子压力。

母亲:

“母亲则建议小朱先跟着他们到蟹塘去体验一下。小朱抓了一天螃蟹,才真正体会到父母养蟹的辛苦。”

内涵解析:母亲性格比较柔和,不会直接支持或者反对儿子(或者儿子父亲)的意见,而是平等尊重儿子的想法,并提供实践的建议来完善或者修正儿子(或者儿子父亲)的想法,或者是把选择权交给儿子。母亲身上有一种矛盾调和的色彩,同时,母亲也是一位社会生活经验丰富对现实有充分考量的女性,但是在和儿子与丈夫的关系中,以一种调和与柔和的方式为人处事。有生活的智慧,角色的担当。

情景二:

“小朱抓了一天螃蟹,才真正体会到父母养蟹的辛苦。”

内涵解析:小朱听取了母亲的意见,说明家庭亲子关系平等与和谐所带来的家庭教育的成功(这里暗含也听取了父亲的意见,在实践中进一步思考。)

“抓了一天、真正体会”

内涵解析:说明小朱和母亲一样,也是一个注重知与行的结合、用实践检验自己想法的人。同时说明母亲的教育目的达到了:做任何一件事都不是轻而易举的,好的想法或者不成熟的想法都需要实践检验并在实践中不断的修正完善。

情景三:

“不过,他仍然觉得发挥自己的专长,做“电商”卖螃蟹也很有前景;

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